There are a lot of asphaltic sandstones that is widely distributed in Tazhong Area, Tarim Basin; however the condition of hydrocarbon accumulation is complex. It is of great practical significance to study the hydrocarbon accumulation model of Silurian strata in order to accelerate the process of oil and gas exploration in the Tazhong Area. The distribution and genesis mechanism of asphaltic sandstones and movable oil of Silurian have been analyzed, and the hydrocarbon accumulation model have further been summarized. The results show that (1) the movable oil of Silurian strata in Tazhong Area is from the mixed-source rocks of the Cambrian and Ordovician; there are two stages of hydrocarbon accumulation, that is, Hercynian and late Himalayan, Vertical and limited lateral migration are the mainly patterns; (2) The asphaltic sandstone is from the mixed-source rocks of Cambrian and Lower Ordovician; It formed out of the destruction causes by the process of previous hydrocarbon migration; (3) The hydrocarbon accumulation model of Silurian strata is two stages of hydrocarbon accumulation, two stages of hydrocarbon adjustment, multi-point vertical migration, and limited lateral migration.