By analyzing surface mine road components, the surface mine road is reasonably divided into different sections; the road surface quality, slope, bearing capacity, and other factors are used to describe the surface mine road. The calculation method involving selection principle of surface mine road network nodes and the network edge weights is proposed, a surface mine road network model is established. The database of surface mine road network is designed for the background data support of surface mine road network model. In the database, there is a table for the network nodes and also a table for the relationship between the nodes; each node corresponds to a section node, each relation corresponds to a network edge. The extraction procedure to automatically pick up the network diagram node is designed and the information of node data is automatically stored into the surface mine road network database. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is selected for the road network path optimization; the PSO involving the shortest path between the specified two points is achieved. The optimal path is automatically displayed on the network diagram with the relative high search precision.