Pesticide residue in agricultural products is an important aspect in food safety. The application of chemical pesticide in the agriculture was begun since 1938 and the pesticide residue problem was emerged in the end of 1950's. The publication of the "Silent Spring" written by Rachal Carson in 1962 revealed the prologue of pesticide residue. It was paid more attention in the world with the development of pesticide toxicology. The MRL of pesticide residue in food was decreased around 100 times in the 60 years period between the sixties of last century and 2010. The new challenge of pesticide residue in the future was discussed by the author from the aspects of the adoption of acute reference dose (ARfD) in the toxicity assessment, the development of pesticide toxicology, the accumulative toxicology of various pesticides and the difference of toxicology in chiral compounds of pesticide. The risk assessment, the revealing of contamination source and the cleaning production were put forward by the author as the major techniques in controlling of pesticide residue in agricultural products.