To explore the metabolic variation and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus of Shenxu-tanyu syndrome in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Serum samples from 33 cases of Shenxu-tanyu syndrome type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 50 cases of healthy people are detected and described with 1H-NMR based metabonomics, and than the data is analyzed by Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). The results show that comparing with the healthy people, the various kinds of amino acids of Shenxu-tanyu syndrome type 2 diabetes mellitus patients are markedly lower, including isoleucine, leucine, valine, alanine, glutamate, histidine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and 1-methylhistidine, the differences are statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, lactate, citrate, creatine and creatinine are also markedly lower (P<0.05). However, the α-glucose and β-glucose are increased comparing with the health people (P<0.05). It is concluded that the metabolites of shenxu-tanyu syndrome type 2 diabetics are significantly different from healthy people, their tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis are inhibited, protein is metabolic disorder, and branched chain amino acid is metabolic boost.