Moss provides ideal biological indicators for global changes, environmental pollution, nutrient conditions, forest integrity and ecosystem health because it is very sensitive to the concentration of atmosphere components and the global climate change. In order to know various species of soil animals and their number in a moss microhabitat, this study collected 400 moss specimens from Maoershan Mountain, Weihushan Mountain, Qixinghe Conservation and Tahe Town in Heilongjiang Province and compared the related data between mountain and wetland habitats. There are a total of 2932 soil animals identified through simple cultivating and they belong to 17 categories. It is indicated that the medium and small soil animals constitute the main part of soil animals in this area, including mites (56.17%) and Collembola (28.39%). It may be speculated that these two types of animals might adapt to the cold environment of the high-latitude with high tolerability and suitability. Tahe Town and Maoershan Mountain have high species diversity and similarity, while Weihushan Mountain and Qixinghe Conservation have low species diversity but high similarity. So, species diversity on the moss soil microhabitat has a remarkable positive correlation with the complexity of the ecosystem and some species can be selected as the standard indicators of the state of the environment. Further studies on response and adaptation of soil animals in the moss to the global changes are needed in the future.