According to the application requirement of a perimeter security warning system, a signal acquisition system for distributed optical fiber vibration sensing signal is designed in this paper, based on the embedded platform of ARM and FPGA. The data acquisition system uses FPGA as the main controller to achieve the dual-channel acquisition of the pulse wave and the continuous wave. FPGA receives control commands from ARM, and samples the digital signal converted by the sampling chips AD9430 and AD9203. Then the collected data is temporarily stored in the FIFO buffer generated by IP cores in FPGA, which will be transmitted to ARM. ARM is responsible for providing kinds of parameters for the data acquisition of FPGA and receiving data from FPGA. In this paper, the interconnection of the ARM processor and FPGA is presented, and the implementation of the FPGA driver in the embedded Linux is discussed. The data acquisition is implemented by FPGA,and the data transmission is realized with the ARM's external bus in this system. With the features of the low power consumption of ARM and the flexibility of FPGA, the signal acquisition system for distributed optical fiber vibration sensing signal is successfully applied in the monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber sensor.