In this paper, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology is used to study 30 cases of the Uyghur elderly of over 90 years old in Hotan Prefecture and 70 cases of local health Uyghur people, genetically unrelated, with similar-habits, and random-sampled, as controls to compare the frequencies of the 5-HTTLPR genotypes and the corresponding alleles and to explore the relatiionship between the 44bp insertion/deletion polymorphism of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene linked polymorphism region (5-HTTLPR) with longevity. The results show that with respect to the 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism among the Uyghur elderly, the frequencies of the LL (the 528bp/528bp) genotype and L (528bp) allele are 70% and 81.7%, respectively; while among the controls, they are, respectively, 40% and 57.2%, and the difference between the two groups is significant (P<0.05). It is shown that the 5-HTTLPR gene polymorphism and the longevity of Xinjiang Hotan Uyghur elderly are correlated, and, Xinjiang Hotan longevity-correlated gene consists of the LL genotype and the L allele.