This paper starts from the perspective of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction, and deeply analyzes the realistic foundation of China's green and low-carbon food production, the main problems faced, and proposes optimization paths. The paper points out that the guidance and support of national policies, the improvement of technological progress and innovation capabilities, and the transformation of market demand are key to promoting the green and low-carbon development of food production. However, there are also issues such as the need for further clarification of policies, the need to strengthen the awareness and ability of producers to reduce pollution and carbon emissions, and technological bottlenecks. To address these issues, the paper proposes optimization strategies including the formulation of a pollution and carbon reduction roadmap, the cultivation of producers' awareness, the strengthening of technological innovation and promotion, and the establishment of a green and low-carbon value realization mechanism. These measures aim to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the green and low-carbon transformation and sustainable development of food production.

The discovery of bilayer nickelate superconductor La₃Ni₂O₇ under high pressure has attracted worldwide attention, in which theoretical research plays a vital role. So far, theoretical calculations show that the two e_g Ni 3d_x2-y2 and 3d_z2 orbitals in La₃Ni₂O₇ are crucial to the formation of superconductivity, while the O₂ p orbital also appears on the Fermi surface. Multi-orbital models have been proposed based on the above analysis. Various calculations show that La₃Ni₂O₇ has a s^± wave pairing symmetry although other pairing symmetries can be obtained. Theoretical calculations shows that the superconducting mechanism is unconventional and closely related to antiferromagnetic fluctuation. The vacancy of apical oxygen has a significant impact on the occurrence of superconductivity. The discovery of trilayer nickelate superconductor La₄Ni₃O₁₀ under pressure has further enriched the family of nickelate superconductors. And its electronic band structure, multi-orbital model, superconducting pairing symmetry and so on have been investigated and explored theoretically.

清洁能源转型是一项应对全球气候变化，牵动全球供应链的工程，而关键矿产则是实现净零碳排放目标和发展清洁能源技术不可缺少的物质基础。在沙特试图摆脱对石油经济依赖的前提下，如何保障能源转型过程中所亟需的关键矿产供给、快速发展清洁能源产业是沙特调整经济结构多元化、实现“2030愿景”的重点。当前，中国“一带一路”倡议与沙特“2030愿景”目标高度契合，双方在清洁能源领域合作可以充分实现资源禀赋互补、技术经验共享、产业市场互通。因此，应在社会、供应链等多维度下梳理和分析中沙两国在清洁能源领域的合作基础与发展潜力，在双方的利益视角下提出合作建议，推动沙特能源转型、促进沙特“2030愿景”实现的同时，进一步释放双方资源共享、技术创新、市场开拓等潜力，推进中国与沙特周边地区建立合作伙伴关系，构建“一带一路”中国国际合作发展新格局。

In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence has had an important impact on mental health services such as psychological counseling and psychological assessment. In this paper the accuracy and methods of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment as well as ethical issues are reviewed. Based on the development of multi-modal and psychological intervention technology, the future application research of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment is forecast. It is believed that the application of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment in the future will pay more attention to individual needs and interdisciplinary cooperation. It will be more widely used in information collection, data analysis, humancomputer interaction technology, and non-invasive regulatory technology cooperation, and the ethical research of artificial intelligence will play a more important role in the future.

2024年世界各国继续加大网络安全战略部署，针对软件供应链、大语言模型等新兴场景的安全问题发布了相关技术指南和管理政策。面对新形势、新问题，中国进一步完善网络空间安全方面的政策法规，以规划指导网络空间安全体系建设、规范网络空间安全产业发展。然而，当前网络攻击事件依然频发，APT攻击、勒索攻击等网络攻击对全球网络空间安全造成严重威胁。2024年，围绕数据安全、人工智能安全、量子计算和软件漏洞等热点领域有了系列突破。未来，亟需发展新的技术能力和技术体系，为构建安全、健康的网络空间环境提供技术保障。

微型发光二极管（Micro-LED）具有较好的稳定性，是当前高亮显示应用的最佳选择，其具有高对比度、低响应时间、宽工作温区、低能耗和广视角等优势，成为当前产业界和学术界比较看好的新型显示技术。综述了Micro-LED新型显示技术的原理，对比其与现有技术的性能，从材料、器件、集成和成本良率等几个角度探讨了Micro-LED新型显示技术的关键技术挑战。未来3~5年内，Micro-LED显示技术仍然会在材料、器件、集成等技术方面存在技术创新和重大突破的关键机会，该技术支撑着未来显示产业的发展，也是中国科技创新引领全球的一次重要科技革命。建议鼓励创新，营造良好的科技创新环境，通过产学研合作解决当前Micro-LED新型显示技术的关键问题。同时发挥市场和社会资本的作用，引导产业遵循技术发展和商业发展规律。Micro-LED显示产业尽管仍面临技术挑战，但增强现实等近眼显示设备的推出，可能彻底革新现有的显示产品形态，Micro-LED显示产业市场将可能迎来爆发式增长。

2024年，无人机技术正以智能化、自主化和系统化为核心驱动力，深刻重塑着低空经济与智能空域的全球格局。从无人机自主飞行与智能控制、无人机集群协同、无人机集群验证、反无人机技术及无人机管控与低空经济等多个维度，系统阐述了无人机相关技术2024年的代表性进展、技术挑战与发展趋势。当今，无人机技术正通过跨领域的技术集成和智能生态构建，从单一工具化应用跃升为系统级战略支柱，而低空经济的快速扩张对全球空域治理、多模态感知、任务优化以及安全保障提出了新的要求。未来的无人机必将以智能空域治理为基石、以协同创新为引擎、以新质能力提升为目标，打造面向未来场景应用的无人机生态新体系，为低空经济高质量发展、智能空域全球布局及多领域纵深应用提供技术支撑与行业引领。

“人机情感交互”研究旨在创建一种能感知、识别和理解人的情感，并能针对人的情感作出智慧、灵敏、自然回应的智能系统，是实现机器人自然化、拟人化、人格化的基础技术和重要前提。2024年，大语言模型的进步给该领域带来了深刻的变革。从交互理论、情感认知、情感调节及交互效果评估层面回眸该领域年度研究进展，并探讨在情感认知可计算模型、情感调控可进化交互环路、情感交互可解释评估体系等方面存在的理论与技术问题。指出了人机情感交互领域未来研究主要方向为情感认知可计算建模方法、情感调控可进化交互环路、情感交互可解释评估体系等。

China has promised to achieve the "dual-carbon" goal in order to reduce climate warming caused by human-induced CO₂ emissions, accelerate the transition of the electricity system toward renewable energy, and provide impetus to green development. Starting from summarizing the trend of recent studies, this paper encompasses the demand for energy transitions to meet the "dual-carbon" goal, analyzes the environmental problems in the processes of energy transition, and identifies the potential impacts of the production and operation of renewable energy on the environment and ecology. To cope with the challenge of achieving the "dual-carbon" goal, the trends of growth in power generation and energy consumption from 2021 to 2060 are predicted by analyzing the historical growth of renewable energy from 2010 to 2021. In addition, this paper analyzes the demand for land, power transmission, energy storage, and investment for the development of photovoltaic and wind power in China by taking into account the state-of-the-art estimate of photovoltaic and wind power generation. Based on the analysis, it is extrapolated that the renewable growth rate of clean energy in China is insufficient to satisfy the pledges aligning with the "dualcarbon" goal, therefore it is required to overcome the inertia in the energy and economic systems to strengthen the process of energy transition and increase the share of renewable energy in total energy supply. Lastly, a number of suggestions for policy are provided for accelerating the energy transitions to achieve the goal at a low economic cost.

Gu Fangzhou's work has significantly improved the effectiveness of polio attenuated vaccine and protected millions of children from the threat of polio. As a pioneer in the development of China's oral attenuated vaccine through cell culture, Gu's journey into public health and virology is explored in this paper. The reasons behind Gu's pursuit of a career in public health and virology are introduced and the process of developing China's first batches of attenuated polio vaccines is detailed. Furthermore, the factors influencing the choice of technical routes for polio vaccine development is discussed, as well as the processes and results of vaccine production, verification, and clinical trials. Gu has closely linked his personal destiny with the future of the nation. His research and efforts have significantly improved the health and quality of life for hundreds of millions of people.

本着分门别类、本刊推荐、专家遴选、宁缺毋滥、叙述事实的原则，从国内外重要科技期刊和科技新闻媒体所报道的中国科技成果中，按科学、技术、工程3个类别，由《科技导报》编辑部遴选、推荐候选条目，经《科技导报》编委、审稿人等专家通信评选，推选出2024年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展30项。（1）中国重大科学10项进展分别为：发现迄今全球最早的多细胞真核生物化石；发现新型钙-氧气电池；“拉索”发现高能宇宙线起源关键证据；破解叶绿体基因“转录机器”构造；解密细胞自组织漩涡的机理；实验上首次发现引力子模；提出应用青蒿素类衍生物治疗多囊卵巢综合征的新策略；发现异体通用型CAR-T治疗自身免疫疾病新疗法；发现高丰度绿色元素催化生产低碳烯烃新机制；揭秘月背土壤成分与年代。（2）中国重大技术10项进展分别为：解码抗癌药物紫杉醇的生物合成途径；开发具Pb容量的3D纳米级光盘存储器；研制出大规模智能光计算芯片太极；利用国产型扫描探针显微镜首次“看到”冰表面的原子结构；基于原语表示的类脑互补视觉感知芯片“天眸芯”研制成功；实现以RNA为媒介的基因精准写入；构建超越经典计算机的量子模拟器；研制具有原子尺度局域化光场的奇点介电纳米激光；高性能有机热电材料研究取得重要进展；借助AI破解催化领域重大科学难题。（3）中国重大工程10项进展分别为：中国南极第5站秦岭站建成开站；亚洲第一深水导管架“海基二号”出港；嫦娥六号实现世界首次月球背面采样返回；国家重大工程深中通道正式通车试运营；我国刷新水冷磁体世界纪录；我国首艘大洋钻探船“梦想”号正式入列；我国自主研制世界首台低能量强流高电荷态重离子研究装通过验收；世界最大吨位新型“海上浮式生产储油船”交付离港；全球最大压缩空气储能电站开工；世界最长高速公路隧道天山胜利隧道顺利贯通。

This paper initially reviews the development of deep-sea archaeology abroad and in China respectively. The deep-sea archaeological surveys in the waters of Bei Jiao (north reef) of Xisha islands in April 2018, in the Xisha trough in August 2022 and two shipwrecks in the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea in May 2023 represent the three development stages of China's deep-sea archaeology, which are a breakthrough from zero, the discovery of sunken relics, and then the major discovery of ancient shipwrecks. The application of China's deep-sea science and technology in the field of humanities has made China one of the best in the world in deep-sea archaeology rapidly. Three suggestions are put forward: first, to complete the archaeological investigation and comprehensive assessment of shipwrecks No. 1 and No. 2 on the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea as soon as possible. It will provide important basis for the subsequent research, protection, interpretation and utilization of the wreck sites; second, based on the preliminarily formed deep-sea archaeological investigation techniques, methods and processes, planned and targeted systematic regional investigations shall be conducted in the future in the waters around the reefs with abundant underwater cultural relics discovered and the ancient important shipping route nodes; third, reference to the No. 1 and No. 2 shipwreck sites on the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea, further research and development of special technologies and equipment for deep-sea archaeology should be carried out.

举步2025，物有甘苦，尝之者识；道有夷险，履之者知。

征程浩瀚星河，前行需要Passion，遵循自己的时钟，创造自己的有序！

致敬挺膺担当奋斗的科技工作者，你努力的时候，光就有了形状！

2023年是著名博物学家阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士诞辰200周年、逝世110周年，纪念他的最佳方式是总结和弘扬其精神遗产。以文本细读和个案研究为主要研究方法，在简要回顾华莱士的重要自然科学成就的基础上，着重阐述他为追求真理而无畏艰险的牺牲精神、坚持实地调查的方法论态度、勇于挑战权威的理论创新精神。博物学家华莱士是一位将科学要求与伦理要求相统一，具有高度社会责任感的空想社会主义者，他留给后人的最宝贵的精神财富正是其科学精神与人文关怀。

探讨了大语言模型（LLMs）是否能够通过语言任务的预训练而产生情感智能，并从心理学的角度提出了测试大语言模型的情感智能水平的方法，以及情感智能大模型在心理学的应用。从情感智能的定义出发，回顾了大语言模型的发展历程，总结出目前LLMs相关研究主要集中于提升模型在自然语言处理任务中的性能，而忽视了模型的情感智能，即感知、理解、使用和管理情绪的能力。尽管LLMs在处理语言任务方面表现出色，但在理解和生成情感文本方面仍存在局限性，因此，提出对大模型的情感智能水平进行全面评估的必要性。从心理学角度出发，总结了LLMs情感智能评估相关的工作，倡议心理学把大语言模型作为新的研究对象，重点关注大模型的情感道德问题。从情感认知科学的角度，论述大语言模型作为一种工具，对新时代的情绪心理学研究的重要价值。

With the continuous advancement in the research of developmental language disorders in children, numerous studies have revealed the high prevalence and complexity of these disorders in the pediatric population.This study, based on a neuroscientific perspective, delves into the synergistic application of acupuncture therapy and whole-brain language therapy models in the treatment of childhood language disorders.With acupuncture, specific acupoints are precisely targeted to regulate the flow of qi and blood, achieve yin-yang balance within the body, and fundamentally promote the recovery of children's language functions.Concurrently, the whole-brain language therapy model focuses on activating multiple functional regions of the brain through systematic functional training aimed at strengthening the connectivity and coordination of neural networks, thereby significantly enhancing children's language expression abilities.This model includes key response training, cultivation of social pragmatic skills, and assessment and reinforcement of auditory comprehension abilities, comprehensively improving children's language skills and social interaction capabilities.The study found that combining acupuncture therapy with the whole-brain language therapy model allows for personalized and dynamic treatment adjustments based on the specific characteristics and developmental stages of children's language disorders.This innovative treatment strategy not only significantly improves therapeutic efficiency but also injects positive momentum into the overall development of children, providing a comprehensive, systematic, and effective new pathway for the treatment of childhood language disorders.

人工智能的飞速发展给生物学研究带来了深远影响，其中，AlphaFold2在蛋白质结构预测领域引发了革命性的突破。评估了AlphaFold2对G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR），结构预测的可靠性，凭借其对蛋白质三维结构的高度准确预测。然而，在实际应用中，AlphaFold2的预测结果并非在所有场景下都足够精确。以GPCR为例，这类重要的药物靶点参与了广泛的生理过程，其结构研究对理解功能机制和药物开发具有重要意义。结果表明，尽管AlphaFold2能够准确捕捉GPCR整体骨架的主要特征，但其预测模型在胞外域与跨膜域的组装、配体结合口袋的形状，以及信号传导界面的构象等方面，与实验解析的高分辨率结构存在显著差异。这些差异限制了AlphaFold2模型在GPCR功能研究和基于结构的药物设计中的应用能力。因此，尽管AlphaFold2为结构预测提供了强大的工具，但其在特定场景下的局限性表明，AI结构预测作为一种辅助工具，尚不能完全取代实验结构生物学，需要联合使用以辅助药理学研究和药物设计。

江泽涵是中国著名数学家、数学教育家，中国拓扑学派开创者。学术研究方面，深耕于拓扑学领域，带领团队取得国际瞩目的成果，竭力促进国内数学研究的发展；数学教育方面，重视数学基础教育改革，强调数学竞赛的人才选拔功能和数学史的教育价值，对基础教育产生了积极深远的影响；行政管理方面，积极整顿学风，深入系务改革，大力推动了北大数学系的蓬勃兴盛。通过回顾江泽涵的学术人生和数学贡献，缅怀其留下的教育思想和崇高精神。

This paper reviews the major optical advances in 2023 by retrospecting progresses made in the fields of optical technology research, such as photophysics, optical material and structures, bio-medical optics, light-matter interaction, optoelectronics, optical design and instrumentation, optical information processing, light source and high field laser, interdisciplinary photonics, visual color, terahertz optics. It may have a great impact on human existence and life style in the future.

阐述了因DeepSeek横空出世引发的关于AI发展路径的思考。首先解释了为什么DeepSeek会引起全球性的科技震撼，接着讨论了“规模法则”（Scaling Law）是否已遇到天花板、发展“通用人工智能”（AGI）应选择什么道路、发展人工智能应该追求高算力还是高算效（高能效）、“开源”为什么有这么大的威力等问题。最后对中国在人工智能领域的实力提升和如何实现人工智能自立自强提出建议。

《地外原位资源利用差距评估报告》是国际空间探索协调组（ISECG）定期更新的关于全球太空探索任务的汇总文件，旨在推动全球太空探索与原位资源利用（ISRU）的可持续性。首先，基于ISRU的总体目标与关键结构分解，总结了目前针对ISRU技术、试验测试设备以及星壤模拟物3方面开展的评估工作，并进行归类比较。其次，通过重点解析此报告的ISRU差距评估内容，依次对各参与国当前在原位资源勘查、原位资源采集和预处理、生产消耗品的资源加工、生产建造和制造原料的资源加工、月面原位建造、地外空间制造6大关键领域的技术研究重心与优势展开具体的分析。最后，提出了基于解析此报告对ISRU技术的多学科融合研究、高保真极端环境模拟平台建设以及结合深空探测需求推进高水平ISRU任务实施的展望。

2024年，氢能技术产业迅猛发展，取得了多项突破性进展。在制氢方面，大规模绿氢示范项目不断增加，碱性电解槽成本逐渐下降，固体氧化物电解和质子交换膜电解等高效电解技术性能进一步提升，通过电极材料的优化，电解持续效率逐渐增加，膜电极运行寿命不断延长。在储运氢方面，除传统高压气态和液氢外，金属氢化物储氢、有机液态储氢、氨/甲醇等新型氢储运方式的技术成熟度逐渐提高。一方面，镁基合金、钛基合金等金属储氢技术的循环寿命及储氢效率进一步提升，同时通过规模化发展进一步降低了氢储运成本；另一方面，绿氨和绿色甲醇项目发展迅速，成为推动能源转型和工业脱碳的重要举措。未来，随着技术的持续创新，氢能将在交通、工业和大规模长周期储能等多个领域发挥更重要的作用，为碳中和目标的实现提供有力支持。

The Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry were awarded to scholars who conducted researches related to artificial intelligence, which sparked heated discussions and debates in the scientific community. The unexpectedness of the Nobel Prize award is not a "sadness" in the physics community but rather awakens people's attention to the unexpected development and widespread penetration of artificial intelligence. The "complexity challenge" forces AI and all traditional sciences to come together, and we should pay more attention to interdisciplinary research. This award may leave a mark in the history of technological development, and our descendants will remember these great scientists who have made significant contributions to the human race's march towards the age of intelligence.

The "guardrail provisions" of the United States' CHIPS and Science Act are an important part of the U. S. semiconductor industry's development strategy. The primary purpose was to limit companies with leading-edge semiconductor technology from investing, expanding production, or providing technological licensing in China, as well as restricting U. S. institutions with advanced technology from cooperating with China's counterparts. The detailed regulations of the recently implemented CHIPS fund further clarified the scope of application, exceptions, and punitive measures under the "guardrail provisions". This article introduces the mechanisms of the "guardrail provisions", analyzes the impact of the "guardrail provisions" on the development of semiconductor industry and technological innovation. This article also proposes suggestions for China to respond to the blockade of the "guardrail provisions" from both domestic regulation and international rule perspectives.

深入探讨了大科学装置在推动人类知识创新进程中的核心作用，特别聚焦于稳态强磁场实验装置（SHMFF）这一实例，剖析了其在达成科学目标、驱动知识创新、促进产业升级、加强国际合作与交流以及吸引高端人才等多个维度上的显著贡献。SHMFF通过构建高场磁体集群，为物理、化学、材料、生物学等多学科前沿研究提供先进实验条件，支撑用户取得系列高水平成果。其衍生技术广泛应用于高端装备制造、药物研发等领域，有效促进区域经济发展。同时，SHMFF坚持开放共享理念，通过国际合作在生物、材料等领域取得多项突破，促进知识共享。SHMFF的成功实践验证了大科学装置对知识创新的推动作用，也为中国优化大科学装置布局、提升设施先进性提供了重要参考。未来，持续建设和完善大科学装置体系，将成为推动知识创新和科技进步的重要战略支撑。

2025年1月20日，中国全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置（EAST）在合肥实现1亿℃，持续1066 s高约束模等离子体运行，打破了此前该装置403 s的世界纪录。这一成果由中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院等离子体物理研究所团队完成，标志着中国聚变能源研究从基础科学向工程实践迈出重大一步。

考察美国力推稀土产业链重构的深层动因及最新动态，是确保中国稀土全球战略竞争优势和产业链安全的关键。通过分析美国稀土产业链重构的动因、进展及对中国的挑战，发现美国对中国稀土进口高度依赖、稀土关切上升至国家安全、美国国内稀土强劲消费需求和对中国政策全面转向竞争构成了美国加速稀土产业链重构的动因。目前，美国在稀土资源本土开发与保护、冶炼分离加工布局、高端材料及应用技术创新等全产业链领域的重构成效明显，对中国稀土产业链的全球影响力、中美战略竞争博弈下的抵御经济制裁能力、高端稀土技术创新的外部环境和国际稀土合作的战略空间等方面带来严峻挑战。为此，提出了中国应从提升稀土产业综合竞争力、优化稀土产业结构与布局、提高稀土高端技术应用水平和加强稀土全球化战略布局等方面采取举措，以增强抗衡美国对中国“脱钩”的主动权，抢占稀土“卡脖子”技术制高点，实现从稀土大国向稀土强国目标转变。

人工智能技术具有强大、高效和灵活的数据分析处理能力和模式识别与预测能力，能够很好地适应复杂变化的环境系统，已成为环境领域备受关注的新兴工具。以发表在国际顶级学术期刊或具有重要影响的研究成果为基础，盘点了2024年人工智能技术在环境监测、气候变化、公共卫生安全等领域的重要研究及应用，并展望了生成式人工智能在环境领域的发展前景，为推动环境领域人工智能技术的研究和应用提供参考。

This study explores the concept related to hydrogen and its manifestation in hydrogen Chinese medicine (HCM) from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current research status in hydrogen medicine from both modern medical and TCM perspectives. Furthermore, it outlines the future directions to integrate hydrogen into HCM. In modern medicine, extensive research on hydrogen has targeted at the conditions including respiratory, endocrine metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and eye-related illnesses. Research findings have indicated the hydrogen's beneficial role in prevention and treatment, yet challenges still remain, such as limited clinical trials and undefined molecular mechanisms. HCM is an emerging field of research, which currently only focuses on hydrogen's synergistic effects with traditional Chinese medicines and the development of related equipment. Future research in HCM should delve into how hydrogen aligns with the principles of TCM treatment, establish a theoretical framework for HCM, and develop HCM therapeutic methods. It should also employ modern scientific research methods to evaluate the feasibility and mechanisms of hydrogen under the guidance of TCM theories. Additionally, conducting clinical trials to provide clinical data for HCM applications will provide valuable insights for the diversified development of hydrogen medicine.

智能建造数字化平台作为建筑行业数字化转型的关键支撑，在建筑信息模型（BIM）、云计算和大数据等核心技术的驱动下实现了突破性发展。从相关研究总体特征、相关研究现状和平台案例分析3个维度对2010—2023年的相关研究进行分析。研究发现，BIM技术通过三维可视化建模和全生命周期数据管理构建了平台的基础框架；云计算技术凭借其弹性计算资源和分布式处理能力为平台提供了强大的技术支撑；大数据技术则通过实时数据分析和智能决策优化了工程管理流程。以北京城市副中心项目为例，该平台创新性地采用“环状”数字集成交付模式，整合区块链数据确权技术，实现了政府投资项目设计-施工-运维全过程的数字化协同管理，有效解决了传统工程管理中的“三超”问题。然而当前研究仍存在明显局限，比如应用场景主要集中于单体项目层面，缺乏行业级系统整合；技术标准体系尚未统一，制约了数据互联互通；人工智能等新兴技术的融合应用研究相对不足。未来发展方向应着重于构建产业级集成平台，推动规模化应用；建立统一的技术标准和数据接口规范；深化人工智能、数字孪生等创新技术与传统建造技术的融合应用；探索数据资产交易机制，促进数据要素市场化。

党的二十大报告强调了弘扬科学家精神对于科技创新的重要意义。从实证角度阐释科学家精神在杰出科学家身上的生成理路有助于探寻科技创新人才的应然成长路径。基于对国家最高科学技术奖获得者报道材料的语义网络分析，发现几种重要的身份是科学家展现科学家精神的中介因素；基于扎根理论的分析进一步构建了科学家精神的理论模型。根据研究结论得出的启示有：必须重视对科技创新人才的身份塑造、实行科学精神6个内涵的一体教育和重构科学家精神中创新和育人的蕴涵。此外，面向科技创新人才的爱国主义教育必须重视体悟，要帮助科技创新人才树立终身学习的理念，国家和社会要充分肯定科技创新人才家人的贡献。

To support the logistics industry’s sustainable growth, it is essential to identify the driving forces and the peak path of carbon emissions in the province’s logistics industry along the Belt and Road. Firstly, this paper uses the carbon emission coefficient method to calculate the carbon emissions of the provincial logistics industry along the Belt and Road from 2006 to 2021. Then, the generalized Divisia index method is used to decompose the driving factors of carbon emissions. Finally, combined with Monte Carlo simulation, three scenarios are set up to predict the carbon emissions of the logistics industry from 2022 to 2035, aiming to study the future carbon peak scenario and effective carbon peak path of the logistics industry along the Belt and Road. The results show that: (1) Among the factors that promote the increase of carbon emission, the effect of fixed asset investment and the added value of the logistics industry is significant. Among the factors that promote carbon emission reduction, investment carbon intensity and output carbon intensity have significant effects. (2) The northeast and northwest regions can achieve the 2030 carbon peak target under the government intervention scenario, and the Belt and Road can only achieve the carbon peak target under the technology breakthrough scenario. This means that to reach the carbon peak as quickly as possible, we should fully embrace both the functions of governmental intervention and technology innovation breakthrough.

中国显示产业已跻身世界一流，从“跟跑”“并跑”到实现“领跑”，但未来仍然存在不少挑战，对中国显示产业的创新实力和未来趋势的判断力提出更高的要求。

With the intensified global warming trend, frequent extreme climatic events have an increasingly significant impact on China's grain production. In 2023, China's grain production was severely impacted by extreme climate, resulting in nationwide output reduction, posing a serious threat to food security. In response to the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, seven countermeasures are proposed: adjusting the national agricultural layout, conducting research and development on crop breeding, constructing agricultural water conservancy facilities, optimizing soil quality, legislating to ensure green agricultural development, promoting agricultural financial services, and establishing an agricultural disaster early warning system. By juxtaposing these measures with the objectives outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Planting Industry Development, this article provides reference for crafting strategies to response future extreme climatic events in China. The core task for China's future grain production is enhancing long-term capabilities against various disasters and advocating further attention to the challenges of climate change posed on future agricultural production, to ensure secure and stable grain production.

量子点以其高色纯度、高效率、可调光谱、广泛的光谱覆盖范围，以及低成本的溶液加工等诸多优点，成为新兴的显示领域材料。然而，无论是以光致发光为主的显示技术，还是发光二极管（QLEDs）显示技术，都面临着一些挑战，如器件寿命低、蓝光效率低、镉基量子点毒性、图案化困难等。总结了量子点的物理特性、量子点的种类、发光机制及在显示领域的研究进展，介绍了镉基量子点QLEDs的研究进展，报道了最新三基色QLEDs的发光亮度、效率和器件寿命。总结了量子点图案化技术，分析了不同技术的优势和劣势。为进一步提高量子点在显示领域的应用，科研人员需要不断开拓和创新，攻克量子点的应用难题，实现自发光量子点显示。

随着硬件结构的高集成化、复杂化和3维化，多物理场耦合仿真已成为工程应用中具有挑战性的环节之一，同时也成为跨学科领域研究的主流方向之一，正成为促进电子科学与技术、图论和网格技术、热力学和动力学等进步的重要手段。然而，目前存在多物理场耦合机理研究不清晰，仿真手段和工具缺乏等问题，严重制约了多物理场耦合仿真技术的应用和推广。从多物理场建模仿真技术和多物理场效应与仿真分析2个方面，回顾了2024年数值仿真计算与多物理场协同相关的研究进展。建模仿真技术，从器件到芯片、芯粒到封装、电路板到系统，覆盖范围持续扩大；效应研究和仿真技术，从机理分析和工程应用，进展显著。可以预测，未来几年内，随着2.5维和3维芯片集成的需求爆发，多物理场耦合仿真技术将围绕新的应用场景，在解决实际问题和行业挑战上发挥更大的价值。

新一代信息技术作为智能互联技术体系的关键要素，重构了智能制造价值链，为智能制造质量管理提供了新范式。结合中国智能制造发展实际情况，分析了新一代信息技术背景下智能制造质量管理的新趋势与新需求。概述了质量4.0的基本理论，拓展了质量4.0中价值链的含义，并通过内部价值链、产业价值链与相关方价值链3个维度构建了基于质量4.0的智能制造全价值链质量管理模式，以促进质量4.0理论与方法在智能制造质量管理实践中落地。

图像压缩感知是一种能够在低采样率下实现高效信号采样与重构的技术，但在实现高质量图像重构时，面临局部与全局特征难以有效融合的问题。为此，提出一种结合Transformer与卷积神经网络（convolutional neural networks，CNN）优点的图像压缩感知重构框架（transformer-CNN mixture transformer，TCMformer）。该框架充分利用CNN的局部建模能力和Transformer的全局特征捕捉能力；设计了一种特征融合模块（TCM Block），有效桥接局部与全局特征，从而提升特征表示效率；同时，为降低模型复杂度并控制计算成本，框架采用基于窗口的Transformer结构，通过分块实现高效的全局建模。此外，引入渐进式重建策略，利用多尺度特征图逐步优化重建质量。实验结果表明，TCMformer在峰值信噪比、结构相似性和视觉效果上相较于主流的压缩感知重构算法表现更优，为实现高质量的图像重建提供了一种有效的解决方案。

矿产资源的开发和利用是维系现代社会经济发展和人类活动的重要基础。然而，近百年来各类矿产资源的开采和加工产生了大量尾矿矿渣，严重威胁着生态环境和人类社会的可持续发展。如何实现尾矿区的生态重建成为实现可持续矿业的关键。在分析传统尾矿生态修复技术不足的基础上，提出基于土壤发生学原理的尾矿生态修复新策略，即尾矿成土生态工程。具体而言，本策略将尾矿视为成土母质矿物，通过系统性生态工程手段加速成土过程，并逐步将其改造成具有多孔物理结构和化学缓冲特性，能够承载生态功能的稳定类土基质，从而实现对尾矿区的生态重建。尾矿成土生态工程需综合考虑尾矿的特性、本地微生物和植物物种资源及气候条件，因地制宜设计技术路线，构建成套技术体系。最后，基于现有研究进展，提出了尾矿成土的关键基础科学问题和技术应用前景。

制造技术联盟是促进关键核心技术攻关的一种重要组织创新模式。以美国国家制造创新网络——制造技术联盟集合体为研究对象，分别从公共价值使命定位、合法性与政治支持、行动能力塑造3个方面分析了“美国制造”的公共价值创造机理，并为国家制造创新中心的建设和优化提供参考和借鉴：在共同使命定位上，凝聚政产学研异质主体之间的合作动力；在合法性与政治支持上，建立立法支持和加强财政支持力度；在行动能力塑造方面，实施利益相关者价值导向的商业化运营模式。