This paper starts from the perspective of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction, and deeply analyzes the realistic foundation of China's green and low-carbon food production, the main problems faced, and proposes optimization paths. The paper points out that the guidance and support of national policies, the improvement of technological progress and innovation capabilities, and the transformation of market demand are key to promoting the green and low-carbon development of food production. However, there are also issues such as the need for further clarification of policies, the need to strengthen the awareness and ability of producers to reduce pollution and carbon emissions, and technological bottlenecks. To address these issues, the paper proposes optimization strategies including the formulation of a pollution and carbon reduction roadmap, the cultivation of producers' awareness, the strengthening of technological innovation and promotion, and the establishment of a green and low-carbon value realization mechanism. These measures aim to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the green and low-carbon transformation and sustainable development of food production.

With more than twenty years of development, China has become a world leader in the core technologies and industrialization of new energy vehicle（NEV） industry. Therefore, it is a great concern to China to ensure the sustainable development of new energy vehicles (NEVs) for the next ten years. This research aims to explore and uncover the laws of certainty from the uncertainty of NEV market, and to analyze and predict the cyclical and structural trend of NEVs' development over the next ten years in China. The main conclusions are as follows: From now to 2026, the market penetration of the NEV will continue to maintain a rapid growth. The new energy revolution, with NEVs, lithium batteries and photovoltaic cells as its three emerging pillars, will make a breakthrough. By 2030, NEVs will achieve profitability. Based on the development of NEVs, the development of new energy will turn into a new energy revolution. By 2035, the priorities of NEVs and the new energy revolution will change from the technological innovation into social concepts and business models reforms. The paper also discussed the possible challenges, including intensified internal competition, overcapacity, market fluctuations and increased uncertainty, which may impede China's NEVs to enter a new level of development, Meanwhile, it proposed feasible solutions to respond to these challenges and risks.

The discovery of bilayer nickelate superconductor La₃Ni₂O₇ under high pressure has attracted worldwide attention, in which theoretical research plays a vital role. So far, theoretical calculations show that the two e_g Ni 3d_x2-y2 and 3d_z2 orbitals in La₃Ni₂O₇ are crucial to the formation of superconductivity, while the O₂ p orbital also appears on the Fermi surface. Multi-orbital models have been proposed based on the above analysis. Various calculations show that La₃Ni₂O₇ has a s^± wave pairing symmetry although other pairing symmetries can be obtained. Theoretical calculations shows that the superconducting mechanism is unconventional and closely related to antiferromagnetic fluctuation. The vacancy of apical oxygen has a significant impact on the occurrence of superconductivity. The discovery of trilayer nickelate superconductor La₄Ni₃O₁₀ under pressure has further enriched the family of nickelate superconductors. And its electronic band structure, multi-orbital model, superconducting pairing symmetry and so on have been investigated and explored theoretically.

In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence has had an important impact on mental health services such as psychological counseling and psychological assessment. In this paper the accuracy and methods of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment as well as ethical issues are reviewed. Based on the development of multi-modal and psychological intervention technology, the future application research of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment is forecast. It is believed that the application of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment in the future will pay more attention to individual needs and interdisciplinary cooperation. It will be more widely used in information collection, data analysis, humancomputer interaction technology, and non-invasive regulatory technology cooperation, and the ethical research of artificial intelligence will play a more important role in the future.

Unmanned autonomous systems (UASs) are intelligent systems endowed with autonomous cognition, motion planning, autonomous decision making and reasoning capabilities. Their goals are designed to perform and complete common tasks in complex, open and dynamic scenarios with limited or even no human participation. In terms of the challenges UASs faced in cross-domain collaborative tasks, such as low efficiency of collaborative perception, poor reliability of Ad Hoc network communication, slow resource scheduling, and conflict-prone task allocation, this paper explored how to combine large models and generative artificial intelligence (GAI) technology to construct the“compute-control-test”embodied cognitive intelligence framework of UASs integrating“large model + autonomous unmanned systems + artificial intelligence generated content(AIGC)”. It will provide valuable reference for advancing the technological implementation and practical deployment of UASs with embodied cognitive intelligence.

China has promised to achieve the "dual-carbon" goal in order to reduce climate warming caused by human-induced CO₂ emissions, accelerate the transition of the electricity system toward renewable energy, and provide impetus to green development. Starting from summarizing the trend of recent studies, this paper encompasses the demand for energy transitions to meet the "dual-carbon" goal, analyzes the environmental problems in the processes of energy transition, and identifies the potential impacts of the production and operation of renewable energy on the environment and ecology. To cope with the challenge of achieving the "dual-carbon" goal, the trends of growth in power generation and energy consumption from 2021 to 2060 are predicted by analyzing the historical growth of renewable energy from 2010 to 2021. In addition, this paper analyzes the demand for land, power transmission, energy storage, and investment for the development of photovoltaic and wind power in China by taking into account the state-of-the-art estimate of photovoltaic and wind power generation. Based on the analysis, it is extrapolated that the renewable growth rate of clean energy in China is insufficient to satisfy the pledges aligning with the "dualcarbon" goal, therefore it is required to overcome the inertia in the energy and economic systems to strengthen the process of energy transition and increase the share of renewable energy in total energy supply. Lastly, a number of suggestions for policy are provided for accelerating the energy transitions to achieve the goal at a low economic cost.

Advances in multi-omics technologies, cohort study design, data science, and machine learning are transforming evidence-based medicine, offering a promising outlook for the future of next-generation "deep" medicine. We hereby summarized the development trends in multi-omics experimental techniques, including genomics and epigenomics sequencing, transcriptomics and single-cell transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, imaging, and biosensors. Furthermore, we introduced progress in big data analysis methods such as genome-wide association studies, interpretation of genome-wide association signals, polygenic risk scoring, Mendelian randomization, and artificial intelligence algorithms. Additionally, we discussed the clinical applications of these technologies in disease subtyping, diagnosis and prediction, drug development, and clinical trial design. Finally, we discussed the challenges faced and explored future directions in cohort study design, data management and sharing, and the enhancement of international collaboration.

This article focuses on amorphous matters and reviews recent advances in amorphous materials and physics. More recently, more than 30% of the lunar soil collected by China's Chang 'e-5 mission was found to be glassy, further confirming the widespread existence of amorphous matter in the universe. Topological order and inhomogeneity may be hidden behind the seemingly chaotic structure of amorphous materials, so amorphous matters have strange genetic, sensitive and relaxation behaviors, and show a series of excellent physical and chemical properties, such as extreme stability, super-plasticity, super mechanical behavior and excellent soft magnetic properties. The new generation of Zr-based and Fe-based amorphous alloys developed based on order regulation and high flux technology are successfully applied to core components such as folding mobile phone hinges and new energy vehicle motors, indicating that amorphous matters have irreplaceable application advantages. The future development of amorphous matters should focus on introducing a new paradigm of material research, attaching importance to the importance of process innovation, promoting the cross-integration of multi-disciplinary fields, giving full play to the advantages of advanced characterization technology and large scientific devices, and creating a whole-chain innovation model for production, university and research, so as to actively promote the rapid development of amorphous materials and physics, and expand the application of amorphous matters in high-tech fields. Make the future of mankind a better place.

The frequency and types of new pollutants detected in rivers and lakes are increasing, including persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, antibiotics, microplastics and other new pollutants. Management of new pollutants has become one of the priorities of ecological environmental protection. Compared with traditional pollutants, new pollutants pose potential risks to the safety of river and lake ecosystems and the health of drinking water. China's new pollutant management started late in general, facing fewer technological monitoring means, the bottom of pollutants being unclear, lacking of better related prevention and control regulations etc. In this paper, the development of policies and action plans for new pollutants are sorted out, the characteristics and ecological risks of new pollutants in rivers and lakes are analyzed, the research progress on new pollutant prevention and control technologies in rivers and lakes is summarized, and new pollutant prevention and control strategies for rivers and lakes and methods for evaluating the effects of health risks are proposed, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control strategies of new pollutants in rivers and lakes.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, general large models (GLMs) have become a significant research focus in the AI field. GLMs typically possess an extensive number of parameters, are trained on massive datasets and exhibit robust learning and reasoning capabilities. These models demonstrate outstanding performance in various tasks, including natural language processing, image recognition, and code generation. This paper reviews the evolution of GLMs and the key technology nodes, from the early rule-based systems and traditional machine learning models to the rise of deep learning, the introduction of the Transformer architecture, and the advancements in the GPT series and other GLMS over the world. Despite the significant progress, GLMs face numerous challenges, such as high computational resource demands, data bias, ethical issues, and model interpretability and transparency. This paper analyzes these challenges and explores five key future development directions for GLMs: model optimization, multimodal learning, emotionally intelligent models, data and knowledge dual-driven models, and ethical and societal impacts. By adopting these strategies, GLMs are expected to achieve broader and deeper applications, driving continuous progress in AI technology.

2024年世界各国继续加大网络安全战略部署，针对软件供应链、大语言模型等新兴场景的安全问题发布了相关技术指南和管理政策。面对新形势、新问题，中国进一步完善网络空间安全方面的政策法规，以规划指导网络空间安全体系建设、规范网络空间安全产业发展。然而，当前网络攻击事件依然频发，APT攻击、勒索攻击等网络攻击对全球网络空间安全造成严重威胁。2024年，围绕数据安全、人工智能安全、量子计算和软件漏洞等热点领域有了系列突破。未来，亟需发展新的技术能力和技术体系，为构建安全、健康的网络空间环境提供技术保障。

Dynamic disease risk prediction models are essential for precision prevention strategies. Over the last twenty years, there has been a surge in research focused on these models for precision prevention. However, widely used models（static models） often overlook the impact of changes in predictors over time on disease risk, leading to inevitable calibration drift. This paper reviewed modeling methods for dynamic risk prediction models and provided reference for their development. The conclusions are as follows: As healthcare big data becomes more interconnected and shared, and new methods of statistics and artificial intelligence emerge, the challenge lies in discovering richer predictors, in identifying more accurate modes of action, and in creating interpretable disease risk prediction models which align with biomedical contexts and practical scenarios, to enhance common prevention of common diseases and co-prevention of heterogeneous diseases and to achieve precision and personalized prevention across a spectrum of diseases. This will be a crucial focus for future research on predictive modeling methodologies.

With the continuous advancement in the research of developmental language disorders in children, numerous studies have revealed the high prevalence and complexity of these disorders in the pediatric population.This study, based on a neuroscientific perspective, delves into the synergistic application of acupuncture therapy and whole-brain language therapy models in the treatment of childhood language disorders.With acupuncture, specific acupoints are precisely targeted to regulate the flow of qi and blood, achieve yin-yang balance within the body, and fundamentally promote the recovery of children's language functions.Concurrently, the whole-brain language therapy model focuses on activating multiple functional regions of the brain through systematic functional training aimed at strengthening the connectivity and coordination of neural networks, thereby significantly enhancing children's language expression abilities.This model includes key response training, cultivation of social pragmatic skills, and assessment and reinforcement of auditory comprehension abilities, comprehensively improving children's language skills and social interaction capabilities.The study found that combining acupuncture therapy with the whole-brain language therapy model allows for personalized and dynamic treatment adjustments based on the specific characteristics and developmental stages of children's language disorders.This innovative treatment strategy not only significantly improves therapeutic efficiency but also injects positive momentum into the overall development of children, providing a comprehensive, systematic, and effective new pathway for the treatment of childhood language disorders.

This paper initially reviews the development of deep-sea archaeology abroad and in China respectively. The deep-sea archaeological surveys in the waters of Bei Jiao (north reef) of Xisha islands in April 2018, in the Xisha trough in August 2022 and two shipwrecks in the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea in May 2023 represent the three development stages of China's deep-sea archaeology, which are a breakthrough from zero, the discovery of sunken relics, and then the major discovery of ancient shipwrecks. The application of China's deep-sea science and technology in the field of humanities has made China one of the best in the world in deep-sea archaeology rapidly. Three suggestions are put forward: first, to complete the archaeological investigation and comprehensive assessment of shipwrecks No. 1 and No. 2 on the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea as soon as possible. It will provide important basis for the subsequent research, protection, interpretation and utilization of the wreck sites; second, based on the preliminarily formed deep-sea archaeological investigation techniques, methods and processes, planned and targeted systematic regional investigations shall be conducted in the future in the waters around the reefs with abundant underwater cultural relics discovered and the ancient important shipping route nodes; third, reference to the No. 1 and No. 2 shipwreck sites on the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea, further research and development of special technologies and equipment for deep-sea archaeology should be carried out.

微型发光二极管（Micro-LED）具有较好的稳定性，是当前高亮显示应用的最佳选择，其具有高对比度、低响应时间、宽工作温区、低能耗和广视角等优势，成为当前产业界和学术界比较看好的新型显示技术。综述了Micro-LED新型显示技术的原理，对比其与现有技术的性能，从材料、器件、集成和成本良率等几个角度探讨了Micro-LED新型显示技术的关键技术挑战。未来3~5年内，Micro-LED显示技术仍然会在材料、器件、集成等技术方面存在技术创新和重大突破的关键机会，该技术支撑着未来显示产业的发展，也是中国科技创新引领全球的一次重要科技革命。建议鼓励创新，营造良好的科技创新环境，通过产学研合作解决当前Micro-LED新型显示技术的关键问题。同时发挥市场和社会资本的作用，引导产业遵循技术发展和商业发展规律。Micro-LED显示产业尽管仍面临技术挑战，但增强现实等近眼显示设备的推出，可能彻底革新现有的显示产品形态，Micro-LED显示产业市场将可能迎来爆发式增长。

This paper reviews the major optical advances in 2023 by retrospecting progresses made in the fields of optical technology research, such as photophysics, optical material and structures, bio-medical optics, light-matter interaction, optoelectronics, optical design and instrumentation, optical information processing, light source and high field laser, interdisciplinary photonics, visual color, terahertz optics. It may have a great impact on human existence and life style in the future.

With the advancement of radio technology, there is a growing demand for high-precision electromagnetic wavefront manipulation. Vortex electromagnetic wave technology and its applications have emerged as an international academic frontier and a research hotspot. With its unique ability to manipulate the electromagnetic waves and characteristics of orbital angular momentum (OAM), vortex wave metasurface provides a new degree of freedom for precison modulation and application of electromagnetic waves. This paper first reviewed the fundamental theory of the vortex wave, including its generating principles and the characteristics of orbital angular momentum which it has carried. Then it introduced the two primary categories of vortex wave metasurfaces: reflective and transmissive metasurfaces. Subsequently, it summarized the measurement technology for vortex waves, providing a scientific and effective approach to evaluate the performance of vortex wave metasurfaces. The paper also discussed the applications of vortex wave metasurfaces in the fields, including to improve the cyberspace security and the data transmission capacity for the wireless communication systems, the target detection capabilities of radar systems, and the imaging quality of holographic imaging technology. Finally, it outlines future development directions for vortex wave metasurfaces, including research of high-order multi-mode OAM waves, solution of the beam divergence in long-distance transmission, design of reconfigurable vortex wave metasurfaces, development of OAM covert signal transmission and multi-channel multiplexing technology, to strengthen the security of cyber space and provide more efficient and flexible technical solutions in the fields of wireless communications, radar detection, optical imaging, and etc.

2024年，无人机技术正以智能化、自主化和系统化为核心驱动力，深刻重塑着低空经济与智能空域的全球格局。从无人机自主飞行与智能控制、无人机集群协同、无人机集群验证、反无人机技术及无人机管控与低空经济等多个维度，系统阐述了无人机相关技术2024年的代表性进展、技术挑战与发展趋势。当今，无人机技术正通过跨领域的技术集成和智能生态构建，从单一工具化应用跃升为系统级战略支柱，而低空经济的快速扩张对全球空域治理、多模态感知、任务优化以及安全保障提出了新的要求。未来的无人机必将以智能空域治理为基石、以协同创新为引擎、以新质能力提升为目标，打造面向未来场景应用的无人机生态新体系，为低空经济高质量发展、智能空域全球布局及多领域纵深应用提供技术支撑与行业引领。

Urban wastewater treatment plants are important sinks and sources of emerging contaminants, which are a crucial barrier to interrupt its discharge into the aquatic environment. To provide ideas for the prevention and control of emerging contaminants in urban wastewater treatment plants and help achieve the construction of a healthy China, this paper focuses on the categories of emerging contaminants in urban wastewater. We argue that the concentrations of emerging contaminants in wastewater from different districts show significant geographical characteristics, which are closely related to regional environmental conditions, population density, wastewater sources, socio-economic conditions and industrial layout. We analyze the migration and transformation patterns of emerging contaminants in various units of urban wastewater treatment plants. The results indicate that removal of emerging contaminants from wastewater treatment plants is influenced by critical factors including wastewater treatment processes and emerging contaminants categories. We also illustrate that removal of emerging contaminants from urban wastewater treatment plants is currently challenged by the lack of regulations and standards, outdated monitoring technologies, hard-to-construct risk assessment systems, and ineffective removal technologies. We propose appropriate prevention and control strategies to address these challenges.

Deng Jiaxian was the main organizer and leader of China's nuclear weapons development, as well as one of the main leaders responsible for the 28 year theoretical design of atomic and hydrogen bombs under the guise of anonymity. This article summarizes the connotation of Deng Jiaxian's spirit as a scientist from six aspects: patriotism, innovation, pragmatism, dedication, collaboration, and education, revealing its important contemporary value. Deng Jiaxian devoted himself to the nuclear weapons industry with profound national sentiment, persistent pursuit of scientific cause, outstanding strategic vision, and innovative spirit, these are exemplary examples for science and technology workers in the new era to learn from.

With the intensified global warming trend, frequent extreme climatic events have an increasingly significant impact on China's grain production. In 2023, China's grain production was severely impacted by extreme climate, resulting in nationwide output reduction, posing a serious threat to food security. In response to the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, seven countermeasures are proposed: adjusting the national agricultural layout, conducting research and development on crop breeding, constructing agricultural water conservancy facilities, optimizing soil quality, legislating to ensure green agricultural development, promoting agricultural financial services, and establishing an agricultural disaster early warning system. By juxtaposing these measures with the objectives outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Planting Industry Development, this article provides reference for crafting strategies to response future extreme climatic events in China. The core task for China's future grain production is enhancing long-term capabilities against various disasters and advocating further attention to the challenges of climate change posed on future agricultural production, to ensure secure and stable grain production.

This study explores the concept related to hydrogen and its manifestation in hydrogen Chinese medicine (HCM) from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current research status in hydrogen medicine from both modern medical and TCM perspectives. Furthermore, it outlines the future directions to integrate hydrogen into HCM. In modern medicine, extensive research on hydrogen has targeted at the conditions including respiratory, endocrine metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and eye-related illnesses. Research findings have indicated the hydrogen's beneficial role in prevention and treatment, yet challenges still remain, such as limited clinical trials and undefined molecular mechanisms. HCM is an emerging field of research, which currently only focuses on hydrogen's synergistic effects with traditional Chinese medicines and the development of related equipment. Future research in HCM should delve into how hydrogen aligns with the principles of TCM treatment, establish a theoretical framework for HCM, and develop HCM therapeutic methods. It should also employ modern scientific research methods to evaluate the feasibility and mechanisms of hydrogen under the guidance of TCM theories. Additionally, conducting clinical trials to provide clinical data for HCM applications will provide valuable insights for the diversified development of hydrogen medicine.

人工智能的飞速发展给生物学研究带来了深远影响，其中，AlphaFold2在蛋白质结构预测领域引发了革命性的突破。评估了AlphaFold2对G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR），结构预测的可靠性，凭借其对蛋白质三维结构的高度准确预测。然而，在实际应用中，AlphaFold2的预测结果并非在所有场景下都足够精确。以GPCR为例，这类重要的药物靶点参与了广泛的生理过程，其结构研究对理解功能机制和药物开发具有重要意义。结果表明，尽管AlphaFold2能够准确捕捉GPCR整体骨架的主要特征，但其预测模型在胞外域与跨膜域的组装、配体结合口袋的形状，以及信号传导界面的构象等方面，与实验解析的高分辨率结构存在显著差异。这些差异限制了AlphaFold2模型在GPCR功能研究和基于结构的药物设计中的应用能力。因此，尽管AlphaFold2为结构预测提供了强大的工具，但其在特定场景下的局限性表明，AI结构预测作为一种辅助工具，尚不能完全取代实验结构生物学，需要联合使用以辅助药理学研究和药物设计。

“人机情感交互”研究旨在创建一种能感知、识别和理解人的情感，并能针对人的情感作出智慧、灵敏、自然回应的智能系统，是实现机器人自然化、拟人化、人格化的基础技术和重要前提。2024年，大语言模型的进步给该领域带来了深刻的变革。从交互理论、情感认知、情感调节及交互效果评估层面回眸该领域年度研究进展，并探讨在情感认知可计算模型、情感调控可进化交互环路、情感交互可解释评估体系等方面存在的理论与技术问题。指出了人机情感交互领域未来研究主要方向为情感认知可计算建模方法、情感调控可进化交互环路、情感交互可解释评估体系等。

The "guardrail provisions" of the United States' CHIPS and Science Act are an important part of the U. S. semiconductor industry's development strategy. The primary purpose was to limit companies with leading-edge semiconductor technology from investing, expanding production, or providing technological licensing in China, as well as restricting U. S. institutions with advanced technology from cooperating with China's counterparts. The detailed regulations of the recently implemented CHIPS fund further clarified the scope of application, exceptions, and punitive measures under the "guardrail provisions". This article introduces the mechanisms of the "guardrail provisions", analyzes the impact of the "guardrail provisions" on the development of semiconductor industry and technological innovation. This article also proposes suggestions for China to respond to the blockade of the "guardrail provisions" from both domestic regulation and international rule perspectives.

噪声对人民群众的健康、生活等各方面均造成很大影响，严重干扰了人们的思维，对科技教育的创新也会产生非常不利的影响。人的思维固然有图像与形象之分，但主要是依靠在心中默念的语音流来进行，简而言之，人的思维经常是一个“聆听心声”的过程，外部的噪声，尤其是有信息内容的噪声会对思维产生严重干扰，因此只有在安静的环境中，人的思维才能走得深、行得远，这也正是古人所云“宁静致远”的道理。

AI for research (AI4R) is a significant change in research methods. The scientific and technological circles should not only pay attention to "AI for Science" (AI4S), but also attach great importance to "AI for Technology" (AI4T); Not only should we focus on the Large Language Model (LLM), but we should also pay more attention to the Large Science Model (LSM). The breakthrough of artificial intelligence mainly relies not on large computing power, but on the transformation of computational models. China should strive to make disruptive innovations on foundation models. AI4R is suitable for combinatorial search of complex problems, and neural network models may be close to the complexity threshold point that can handle difficult problems. One trend in AI4R is to abandon absoluteness, embrace uncertainty, and we should tolerate "black-box models" appropriately for a certain period of time.

As a high-tech strategic emerging industry that is a key focus of national cultivation, China's nuclear power industry has long adhered to safe and innovative development, and has initially formed new productive forces in practice; In the face of a new stage of development, the nuclear power industry needs to strengthen the drive of new quality productivity, actively build a modern industrial system, and promote high-quality development of nuclear power. This article is based on the analysis of the development trend of the nuclear power industry at home and abroad, and introduces the characteristics and foundation of the development of new productive forces that China's nuclear power industry has initially possessed. Based on the research results of the academic community on the theory of new quality productivity, it is proposed to actively leverage the doubling effect of new technologies and big data on productivity, and cultivate and develop new quality productivity in nuclear power. At the same time, we will deeply explore the essence of "innovation" in all elements of nuclear power, propose to promote the high-quality development of nuclear power through three practical paths: propose more original innovation, integrated innovation, and systematic innovation, promote the digital transformation of nuclear power and "giving birth to new industries, new models, and new driving forces".

2023年是著名博物学家阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士诞辰200周年、逝世110周年，纪念他的最佳方式是总结和弘扬其精神遗产。以文本细读和个案研究为主要研究方法，在简要回顾华莱士的重要自然科学成就的基础上，着重阐述他为追求真理而无畏艰险的牺牲精神、坚持实地调查的方法论态度、勇于挑战权威的理论创新精神。博物学家华莱士是一位将科学要求与伦理要求相统一，具有高度社会责任感的空想社会主义者，他留给后人的最宝贵的精神财富正是其科学精神与人文关怀。

深入探讨了大科学装置在推动人类知识创新进程中的核心作用，特别聚焦于稳态强磁场实验装置（SHMFF）这一实例，剖析了其在达成科学目标、驱动知识创新、促进产业升级、加强国际合作与交流以及吸引高端人才等多个维度上的显著贡献。SHMFF通过构建高场磁体集群，为物理、化学、材料、生物学等多学科前沿研究提供先进实验条件，支撑用户取得系列高水平成果。其衍生技术广泛应用于高端装备制造、药物研发等领域，有效促进区域经济发展。同时，SHMFF坚持开放共享理念，通过国际合作在生物、材料等领域取得多项突破，促进知识共享。SHMFF的成功实践验证了大科学装置对知识创新的推动作用，也为中国优化大科学装置布局、提升设施先进性提供了重要参考。未来，持续建设和完善大科学装置体系，将成为推动知识创新和科技进步的重要战略支撑。

The noise of electric power equipment shows obvious noise characteristics of low-frequency line spectrum. The dynamic vibration absorber can control the surface vibration of the equipment, but also cause problems of coupling frequency offset and noise reduction performance reduction. The dynamic vibration absorption technology of power equipment based on comprehensive optimization method is studied to realize the efficient control of low-frequency noise and minimize the noise radiation of equipment. Aiming to minimize the acoustic radiation of the target frequency of the equipment, the natural frequency and installation position of the dynamic vibration absorber are comprehensively optimized. Example verification shows remarkable effect of noise reduction by the system with comprehensive optimization. Being feasible and superior, the method can provide reference for noise reduction optimization.

Under the background of the superpower games, the United States actively promotes the de Sinicization of key minerals and constructs a strategic blockade against China, which may seriously affect China's normal resource rights and interests. Based on the critical mineral related data released by the United States Geological Survey from 2013 to 2022, quantitative research was conducted from three perspectives: import dependence, market dynamics, and supply risk. The changes in the security of the critical mineral supply chain in the United States were elucidated, and the means and characteristics of strengthening the security of the critical mineral supply chain in the United States were analyzed. About 90% of critical minerals in the United States rely on imports, with China as its top supplier. The market dynamics of about 70% of critical minerals fluctuate violently, and market instability may amplify the import risk of critical minerals in the United States; About 32% of critical mineral supply risks are high or keep rising, and the production capacity of critical minerals further shifts to some thirdworld countries in Asia, Africa and South America, and the escalation of geopolitical crises may exacerbate mineral supply risks. Based on the analysis of the security situation of the key mineral supply chain in the United States and its security measures to strengthen supply chain, suggestions have been put forward, including systematic planning to respond to the strategic game of key minerals, enhance the influence on the international mineral resource market, deepen overseas development cooperation, and strengthen risk prevention and control.

The Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry were awarded to scholars who conducted researches related to artificial intelligence, which sparked heated discussions and debates in the scientific community. The unexpectedness of the Nobel Prize award is not a "sadness" in the physics community but rather awakens people's attention to the unexpected development and widespread penetration of artificial intelligence. The "complexity challenge" forces AI and all traditional sciences to come together, and we should pay more attention to interdisciplinary research. This award may leave a mark in the history of technological development, and our descendants will remember these great scientists who have made significant contributions to the human race's march towards the age of intelligence.

The existing multi-agent collaborative control methods based on temporal logic tasks usually adopt formal language to describe the temporal task, convert it into an automaton, multiplicate it with the environment model, and finally complete task planning by performing graph-search in the product automata. The advantages and disadvantages of existing methods are compared and summarized in this paper; Starting from the commonly used control methods which have combined temporal logic languages, the development of three key technologies, namely man-machine fusion heterogeneous team control method, system's robust control of task violation degree and coupling task assignment between human-machine collaboration tasks, are emphatically sorted out. Meanwhile, the good performance of emerging temporal languages such as TSTL in human-machine fusion architecture is also reviewed. Finally, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the scientific and technological bottlenecks in current research on collaborative control, including difficulty in task description, decoupling allocation, and large online computing load. These bottleneck issues which urgently need to be solved in the future development, have become the main study trend of this field in the future.

Taking China's provincial panel data from 2010 to 2021 as a sample, the entropy weight method is used to measure and calculate the agricultural science and technology innovation and the resilience of grain production system. In addition, the fixed effects model is also applied to analyze the impact of agricultural sci-tech innovation on the resilience of grain production and the mechanism of action. The study shows that agricultural sci-tech innovation significantly improves the resilience of the grain production with a positive spatial spillover effect. Heterogeneity analyses show that agricultural sci-tech innovation has a greater impact on the major grain-producing regions and central China than on the non-major grain-producing regions and east China. Further mechanism analysis indicates that agricultural sci-tech innovation promotes grain production resilience by reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer applied in agriculture, increasing the share of agricultural mechanized operation service personnel and the level of agricultural mechanization. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously strengthen the leading role of sci-tech innovation, accelerate the substitution of agricultural factors, promote the transformation to low-carbon and green agricultural industry, and guide the radiation of innovation and technological spillover, so as to give full play to the role of agricultural sci-tech innovation in enhancing the grain production resilience.

Large cohort study has become an important open scientific research infrastructure and health decision-making support platform in the field of biomedicine and public health. With increasingly highlighted significance, large cohort construction has been laid out in many countries. In this paper, by focusing on the organizational mechanism, funding source, construction mode, standardization scheme, resource management and sharing strategy, etc. of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Europe), the key to its successful implementation and operation was deeply analyzed, in order to provide experience reference for the construction of a comprehensive, shared and open large cohort with multi-agent collaboration. Results show that continuous input and long-term scientific research mechanism guarantee is indispensable to the construction of multi-agent collaborative alliance distributed large-scale cohort, and its sustainable and high-quality construction also requires forward-looking top-level design, a coordinated and unified management mechanism, standard and comprehensive data and biological sample collection, and a sound policy guarantee system. The following suggestions are made: the government should take a leading role in the planning and scientific design to establish an integrated large-scale cohort organization and management system; special projects with long-term stable support should be set up to ensure the continuous and high-quality construction of large cohorts; a standard and unified construction and management scheme need to be established to ensure the standardization and systematization of large cohort resources; the scale, type and quality of data resources should be improved to establish, open and share high-quality large cohorts; reasonable systems for the protection of human genetic resources and the management of intellectual property rights should be further explored.

The concept of "all-age friendliness" is a nascent but profound topic that impacts the spatial quality and future development of cities. Addressing issues such as insufficient refinement and mismatches between age groups and spatial needs in current urban planning and construction, this study focuses on the main urban area of Wuhan as a research subject. Leveraging big data from online public opinion, combined with techniques such as natural language processing and geospatial statistical analysis, we identify critical spatial issues related to different age groups and their distribution characteristics. The results reveal that spatial issues related to all age groups vary in content and emphasis. Old communities, schools and their surrounding neighborhoods, as well as commercial and office areas, are prone to issues specifically related to certain age groups. Urban transportation spaces and residential areas undergoing renewal are more likely to encounter issues pertaining to all age groups. Conversely, blue and green public spaces represent the least problematic spatial types. Based on these findings, this study provides guidance for the nascent exploration of all-age friendly cities in China, focusing on two aspects: "supporting the use of specific age groups" and "facilitating shared access for all ages." This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in enhancing the urban spatial quality and inclusivity for all age groups.

新一代信息技术作为智能互联技术体系的关键要素，重构了智能制造价值链，为智能制造质量管理提供了新范式。结合中国智能制造发展实际情况，分析了新一代信息技术背景下智能制造质量管理的新趋势与新需求。概述了质量4.0的基本理论，拓展了质量4.0中价值链的含义，并通过内部价值链、产业价值链与相关方价值链3个维度构建了基于质量4.0的智能制造全价值链质量管理模式，以促进质量4.0理论与方法在智能制造质量管理实践中落地。

举步2025，物有甘苦，尝之者识；道有夷险，履之者知。

征程浩瀚星河，前行需要Passion，遵循自己的时钟，创造自己的有序！

致敬挺膺担当奋斗的科技工作者，你努力的时候，光就有了形状！

本着分门别类、本刊推荐、专家遴选、宁缺毋滥、叙述事实的原则，从国内外重要科技期刊和科技新闻媒体所报道的中国科技成果中，按科学、技术、工程3个类别，由《科技导报》编辑部遴选、推荐候选条目，经《科技导报》编委、审稿人等专家通信评选，推选出2024年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展30项。（1）中国重大科学10项进展分别为：发现迄今全球最早的多细胞真核生物化石；发现新型钙-氧气电池；“拉索”发现高能宇宙线起源关键证据；破解叶绿体基因“转录机器”构造；解密细胞自组织漩涡的机理；实验上首次发现引力子模；提出应用青蒿素类衍生物治疗多囊卵巢综合征的新策略；发现异体通用型CAR-T治疗自身免疫疾病新疗法；发现高丰度绿色元素催化生产低碳烯烃新机制；揭秘月背土壤成分与年代。（2）中国重大技术10项进展分别为：解码抗癌药物紫杉醇的生物合成途径；开发具Pb容量的3D纳米级光盘存储器；研制出大规模智能光计算芯片太极；利用国产型扫描探针显微镜首次“看到”冰表面的原子结构；基于原语表示的类脑互补视觉感知芯片“天眸芯”研制成功；实现以RNA为媒介的基因精准写入；构建超越经典计算机的量子模拟器；研制具有原子尺度局域化光场的奇点介电纳米激光；高性能有机热电材料研究取得重要进展；借助AI破解催化领域重大科学难题。（3）中国重大工程10项进展分别为：中国南极第5站秦岭站建成开站；亚洲第一深水导管架“海基二号”出港；嫦娥六号实现世界首次月球背面采样返回；国家重大工程深中通道正式通车试运营；我国刷新水冷磁体世界纪录；我国首艘大洋钻探船“梦想”号正式入列；我国自主研制世界首台低能量强流高电荷态重离子研究装通过验收；世界最大吨位新型“海上浮式生产储油船”交付离港；全球最大压缩空气储能电站开工；世界最长高速公路隧道天山胜利隧道顺利贯通。