In 2023 the development of large generative AI models achieved a series of breakthroughs. This paper reviews the key technologies of large models that have received significant attention, including the emergent abilities of large language model(LLM), development of multimodal LLMs, as well as alignment and knowledge enhancement techniques of large models. The paper also introduces the vertical applications of generative AI in various fields such as healthcare and education, and its role in advancing the development of AI agents and metaverse technologies. Additionally, the challenges and developmental trends in generative AI are discussed, including issues related to data privacy, biased values, copyright disputes, and fake news propagation.

This paper starts from the perspective of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction, and deeply analyzes the realistic foundation of China's green and low-carbon food production, the main problems faced, and proposes optimization paths. The paper points out that the guidance and support of national policies, the improvement of technological progress and innovation capabilities, and the transformation of market demand are key to promoting the green and low-carbon development of food production. However, there are also issues such as the need for further clarification of policies, the need to strengthen the awareness and ability of producers to reduce pollution and carbon emissions, and technological bottlenecks. To address these issues, the paper proposes optimization strategies including the formulation of a pollution and carbon reduction roadmap, the cultivation of producers' awareness, the strengthening of technological innovation and promotion, and the establishment of a green and low-carbon value realization mechanism. These measures aim to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the green and low-carbon transformation and sustainable development of food production.

The rapid development of deep learning raises a massive demand for computing power. However, traditional siliconbased chips based on the von Neumann architecture with physically separated memory and computing units, are facing critical issues such as the "memory wall", and hence the increase of chip computing power is gradually hitting a bottleneck. To address this problem, researchers have been inspired by the working mechanism of biological brain and proposed a computing-inmemory architecture based on memristors. This novel architecture is expected to achieve several orders of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency and speed over the von Neumann architecture for tasks such as artificial neural networks. It is one of the most promising technologies to achieve ultra-low power consumption and ultra-high computing power. This article first reviews the working mechanisms of various types of memristors, and summarizes the latest device research internationally. Then, the progress on application demonstrations of memristor-based computing-in-memory chips such as neural networks, signal processing, and machine learning are reviewed. The current challenges in this field and further research directions are concluded in the end.

This paper provides an overview of the current development status of hydrogen energy highway transportation, rail transit, shipbuilding, and aviation in China. It analyzes the comprehensive performance of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China and points out that the challenges faced by Chinese hydrogen energy vehicles are mainly high costs of vehicles and fuel and insufficient refueling infrastructure. However, as China steps into the middle and late stage of urbanization, heavy-load transportation and special transportation with fixed routes provide opportunities for the development of hydrogen vehicles, and family passenger vehicles will become an important direction. Hydrogen energy rail transit will also play a role in areas where electrification is difficult. Ships and aircraft powered by hydrogen compounds will become the focus of shipbuilding and aviation industries. In the future, hydrogen energy transportation should improve planning, promote technological integration and innovation, develop new hydrogen energy transportation travel modes, build a sound policy system, and adopt carbon market mechanism to achieve a new leap.

In response to the demand for smart ocean construction, a digital twin technology system and application directions for the ocean are proposed. Firstly, the current research and development status of smart ocean is systematically reviewed and analyzed. By studying the integration and application of new generation information technology and industrial technology, the concept and connotation of digital twin are elaborated, and the application scenarios of digital twin in marine scientific cognition,marine development and utilization, the full life cycle of marine equipment and the ocean governance decision-making are provided. Then, in response to the common needs of smart ocean construction and application, a six-dimensional ocean digital twin model architecture theory is proposed, which includes six basic elements: real ocean, digital ocean, interactive mapping,twin ocean data, twin ocean knowledge, and twin intelligent application. Finally, key technical issues and implementation paths for empowering the smart ocean with digital twins are proposed and explored. The aim is to provide some thinking and reference for the future development and deep application of smart oceans through the research of marine digital twin technology.

科学的飞速发展和文化的缓慢变化发生了矛盾。百年来，中国对传统文化的主流观点曾经出现多次反复，至今缺乏系统的反思，成为当前学术界发挥科学创新潜力的一大障碍。本文从历史回顾和中外比较入手，提出当现代科学在欧洲产生时，中国曾坐失参与的良机；当试图引入西方科技时，又因为方向错误遭受失败，结果使得科学成为西方的特色和东方的弱点。东西方差异的根源在于大陆文明和海洋文明的不同属性，可以上溯到2000多年前古希腊和春秋列国的2大源头。当今世界上这2大文明的经济基础正在消失，新时代的科技发展必将产生新型的全球文明。呼吁从历史反思入手，重新认识中国传统文化，争当国际学术界铸造全球新文明的排头兵。

Integrated development in the new era is an important part of high-quality development. Based on a comprehensive summary of the historical achievements and changes in the planning and construction of high-speed railway stations since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, this paper focuses on the strategic deployment of building a powerful transportation country, systematically analyzes the interactive mechanism and value orientation of the station-city integration, reveals the basic connotation and mode of the station-city integration. Focusing on the design problems such as the separation of station city space, the lack of urban functions, monotonous environment and low space utilization rate, this paper puts forward the construction strategy of the station-city integration to relieve the station-city development dilemma, reconstruct the order of station-city, release the vitality of city and seek the symbiosis of station-city, providing a solution to promote the high-quality coordinated development of high-speed railway stations and cities.

Post-quantum cryptography is a new generation of cryptography technology for defending quantum computer attacks. It is regarded as a reliable alternative to traditional cryptography systems, and relevant international standards are gradually emerging. This paper briefly describes the development of post-quantum cryptography, and analyzes the latest development, mathematical principles and characteristics of current algorithm research. On this basis, the analysis is carried out from the three levels of algorithm, hardware architecture, and specific circuit implementation. Then we indicate key technologies that future research needs to overcome, such as efficient hardware implementation, dynamic reconfigurability, side channel attack defense, and secure SoC integration. Moreover, the low-power post-quantum cryptographic chip, the high-performance post-quantum cryptographic chip and core modules such as hashing, random sampling, operation acceleration and logic processing in the chip are described in detail. Finally, we summarize the application status and research value of the current chip implementation in terms of efficient IP design for core circuits, multi-scenario application compatibility, multiple defense mechanisms, and information infrastructure integration, and cover the future development trend of industrialization and diversification. By studying the post-quantum cryptography algorithm and its key technologies, then exploring efficient chip design and implementation methods, it is conducive to promoting the research on the theory and application of public key cryptosystems against quantum attacks, and provides guarantee for China's information security strategy in the quantum era.

With more than twenty years of development, China has become a world leader in the core technologies and industrialization of new energy vehicle（NEV） industry. Therefore, it is a great concern to China to ensure the sustainable development of new energy vehicles (NEVs) for the next ten years. This research aims to explore and uncover the laws of certainty from the uncertainty of NEV market, and to analyze and predict the cyclical and structural trend of NEVs' development over the next ten years in China. The main conclusions are as follows: From now to 2026, the market penetration of the NEV will continue to maintain a rapid growth. The new energy revolution, with NEVs, lithium batteries and photovoltaic cells as its three emerging pillars, will make a breakthrough. By 2030, NEVs will achieve profitability. Based on the development of NEVs, the development of new energy will turn into a new energy revolution. By 2035, the priorities of NEVs and the new energy revolution will change from the technological innovation into social concepts and business models reforms. The paper also discussed the possible challenges, including intensified internal competition, overcapacity, market fluctuations and increased uncertainty, which may impede China's NEVs to enter a new level of development, Meanwhile, it proposed feasible solutions to respond to these challenges and risks.

As a broadly interdisciplinary field, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has become a significant driving force in advancing the development of the information age and bringing computing technologies to the public for everyone to use. This article reviews key topics in the field of HCI until now, and it also explores the evolutionary path of ideas behind the technologies, presenting a more macroscopic philosophical understanding of human-computer relationship and future innovation in the human context. The article is divided into four parts: (1) It briefly describes the position and contributions of HCI; (2) It analyzes the evolution of current technological phenomena from the history of HCI; (3) By understanding the antibiosis issues between humans and computers, the article also applies“Human-Engaged Computing”theory to a discussion about the ideal relationship between humans and technology; (4) Based on the above, we also present suggestions for future development from five aspects: academic thought, research and education, societal impacts, information dissemination, and technology design.

In the era of big data and artificial intelligence, homomorphic encryption methods are widely recognized as an ideal technology to solve data security and privacy leakage problems. However, there are currently issues such as poor computational efficiency and ciphertext inflation, which seriously affect application and promotion of this technology. On the basis of summarizing the current research status, this paper reviews and analyzes the relevant research progress in 2023 from two aspects:hardware acceleration for homomorphic encryption algorithms and optimization of homomorphic encryption algorithms. Significant acceleration effects are attributed to the dedicated integrated circuit technology route; substantial progress has been made in optimization from the algorithm perspective. It can be predicted that in the next few years homomorphic encryption will be combined with artificial intelligence to deliver more value in cross-industry and industry division data collaboration and utilization.

The terms "Web 3.0" and "Metaverse" now both refer to the third generation of the Internet. A theoretical framework for Web 3.0/Metaverse is constructed, which consists of three parts. The first part is the Web 3.0/Metaverse architecture, including the structure of the Internet at the Web 3.0/Metaverse system level and the structure of computers as the Internet end systems at the Web 3.0/Metaverse component level. The second part is the Web 3.0/Metaverse technology system, including nine Web 3.0/Metaverse technologies. The third part is the Web 3.0/Metaverse application world, which structurely integrates the virtual and real worlds into one and covers five fields, namely economy, politics, military, society, and culture, in either function or scene. A Web 3.0/Metaverse application system is a field or subsystem, or sub-subsystem, etc. of the Web 3.0/Metaverse application world. A kind of Web 3.0/Metaverse application, digital twinning, is analyzed. The first-principle of blockchain is proposed: in the Web 3.0/Metaverse application world, the core function of blockchain is to make contrust (common trust).

Qian Xuesen was the founder of China's aerospace industry and an internationally renowned scientist and he also was the outstanding representative of China's scientist spirit. This article summarizes the connotation of Qian Xuesen's scientist spirit from six aspects: patriotism, innovation, seeking truth, dedication, collaboration, and education. Qian Xuesen's scientist spirit has injected a permanent scientific spirit and innovative momentum into China's national defense technology innovation and high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement.

Chiplet technology is a new generation of integrated circuit technology that has emerged in recent years. It has been widely recognized by the industry due to its excellent characteristics such as improving yield, breaking the limit of reticle size, flexibility in chip architecture, and standardization of IP supply chain. To further promote the development of chiplet technology in China, this article summarizes the application scenarios of chiplet technology, analyzes various core component technologies, elaborates on various technical challenges that may arise in the development of chiplet technology, reviews the development of China’s chiplet standards, and finally, puts forward some suggestions for the development of chiplet technology in China.

The discovery of bilayer nickelate superconductor La₃Ni₂O₇ under high pressure has attracted worldwide attention, in which theoretical research plays a vital role. So far, theoretical calculations show that the two e_g Ni 3d_x2-y2 and 3d_z2 orbitals in La₃Ni₂O₇ are crucial to the formation of superconductivity, while the O₂ p orbital also appears on the Fermi surface. Multi-orbital models have been proposed based on the above analysis. Various calculations show that La₃Ni₂O₇ has a s^± wave pairing symmetry although other pairing symmetries can be obtained. Theoretical calculations shows that the superconducting mechanism is unconventional and closely related to antiferromagnetic fluctuation. The vacancy of apical oxygen has a significant impact on the occurrence of superconductivity. The discovery of trilayer nickelate superconductor La₄Ni₃O₁₀ under pressure has further enriched the family of nickelate superconductors. And its electronic band structure, multi-orbital model, superconducting pairing symmetry and so on have been investigated and explored theoretically.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has become an emerging platform technology for achieving mechano-electrical energy conversion, with huge application potentials in a variety of fields. For the past decade, through extensive efforts, significant progress on the research of TENG has been made worldwide, including both fundamental scientific research and application technology of TENGs. Therefore, this article aims to review the representative achievements of TENGs in fundamental findings and technological innovations and look forward to the faster development of TENGs.

With the deepening development of China's reform and opening up and the Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion has gradually moved towards the world stage. Under the background of the new era, the clinical application of acupuncture and moxibustion in China has become more extensive, the treatment methods have bloomed, the clinical, basic and theoretical research has been deepened, and the standards and regulations of acupuncture and moxibustion have gradually led the world: The disease spectrum of acupuncture and moxibustion has been continuously expanded, the clinical application has been increasingly extensive; the treatment methods have been innovated and developed; the clinical research has continuously produced high-quality evidence; the standards and specifications have been published one after another; the theoretical system has been constantly improved; the basic research has made breakthroughs; the international development has been deepened, and the localization of acupuncture overseas has been developed rapidly. At the same time, the current development of acupuncture and moxibustion also faces a series of challenges: It is urgent to establish a diagnosis and treatment system that conforms to the rules of acupuncture and moxibustion itself; the evaluation system of clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion still needs to be improved; the systematic research of acupuncture and moxibustion still needs to be strengthened; the high-quality clinical evidence of acupuncture and moxibustion is still insufficient; the promotion and transformation of acupuncture and moxibustion research results need to be strengthened. Under the new situation of rapid development of science and technology, how to make full use of modern information technology, big data, artificial intelligence to realize the digital transformation and promote the comprehensive development of acupuncture and moxibustion is the only way for the modernization of acupuncture and moxibustion in the future.

The pioneering breakthroughs in materials continue to trigger explosive growth in high-tech and emerging industries.Advanced materials have become a key area of focus and development for countries to seize the technological commanding elevation, and are a fundamental and leading industry for economic and social development. The development of advanced materials determines the level of development in high-tech, emerging industries, high-end manufacturing and major engineering.This paper systematically analyzes the current development status of advanced materials field in China, summarizes major technology plans and development system capabilities, and proposes strategic directions and policy measures for the future development in advanced materials field of China.

清洁能源转型是一项应对全球气候变化，牵动全球供应链的工程，而关键矿产则是实现净零碳排放目标和发展清洁能源技术不可缺少的物质基础。在沙特试图摆脱对石油经济依赖的前提下，如何保障能源转型过程中所亟需的关键矿产供给、快速发展清洁能源产业是沙特调整经济结构多元化、实现“2030愿景”的重点。当前，中国“一带一路”倡议与沙特“2030愿景”目标高度契合，双方在清洁能源领域合作可以充分实现资源禀赋互补、技术经验共享、产业市场互通。因此，应在社会、供应链等多维度下梳理和分析中沙两国在清洁能源领域的合作基础与发展潜力，在双方的利益视角下提出合作建议，推动沙特能源转型、促进沙特“2030愿景”实现的同时，进一步释放双方资源共享、技术创新、市场开拓等潜力，推进中国与沙特周边地区建立合作伙伴关系，构建“一带一路”中国国际合作发展新格局。

In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence has had an important impact on mental health services such as psychological counseling and psychological assessment. In this paper the accuracy and methods of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment as well as ethical issues are reviewed. Based on the development of multi-modal and psychological intervention technology, the future application research of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment is forecast. It is believed that the application of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment in the future will pay more attention to individual needs and interdisciplinary cooperation. It will be more widely used in information collection, data analysis, humancomputer interaction technology, and non-invasive regulatory technology cooperation, and the ethical research of artificial intelligence will play a more important role in the future.

2024年世界各国继续加大网络安全战略部署，针对软件供应链、大语言模型等新兴场景的安全问题发布了相关技术指南和管理政策。面对新形势、新问题，中国进一步完善网络空间安全方面的政策法规，以规划指导网络空间安全体系建设、规范网络空间安全产业发展。然而，当前网络攻击事件依然频发，APT攻击、勒索攻击等网络攻击对全球网络空间安全造成严重威胁。2024年，围绕数据安全、人工智能安全、量子计算和软件漏洞等热点领域有了系列突破。未来，亟需发展新的技术能力和技术体系，为构建安全、健康的网络空间环境提供技术保障。

In January 2023, the latest report of American Cancer Statistics in 2023 was published in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. This report elaborated on the cancer prevalence in America under the COVID-19 pandemic for the first time, described the secular trends in the burden of major cancers, and projected the cancer cases and deaths in 2023. We analyzed the pattern of cancers distribution by geographic area, time, and characteristics of the populations in China and America according to systematical interpretation of the report combined with the cancer statistics in China. We also summarized the current challenges in the development of cancer prevention and control system in China, and provided insights for its construction depending on assessing advancements and underlying reasons of that in America.

微型发光二极管（Micro-LED）具有较好的稳定性，是当前高亮显示应用的最佳选择，其具有高对比度、低响应时间、宽工作温区、低能耗和广视角等优势，成为当前产业界和学术界比较看好的新型显示技术。综述了Micro-LED新型显示技术的原理，对比其与现有技术的性能，从材料、器件、集成和成本良率等几个角度探讨了Micro-LED新型显示技术的关键技术挑战。未来3~5年内，Micro-LED显示技术仍然会在材料、器件、集成等技术方面存在技术创新和重大突破的关键机会，该技术支撑着未来显示产业的发展，也是中国科技创新引领全球的一次重要科技革命。建议鼓励创新，营造良好的科技创新环境，通过产学研合作解决当前Micro-LED新型显示技术的关键问题。同时发挥市场和社会资本的作用，引导产业遵循技术发展和商业发展规律。Micro-LED显示产业尽管仍面临技术挑战，但增强现实等近眼显示设备的推出，可能彻底革新现有的显示产品形态，Micro-LED显示产业市场将可能迎来爆发式增长。

With the advances in technologies of artificial intelligence and 5G as well as the emerging concepts of blockchain and decentralized management, the next revolution of Internet, Web 3.0, has appeared. It will change the development of Internet and various professions and has thus attracted much attention from both academia and industry. This article analyzes the opportunities and challenges of Web 3.0. First, the differences among Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 are elaborated, and the technical architecture of Web 3.0 is also studied. Second, through studying existing relevant literature, the current development status and the opportunities of Web 3.0 are summarized from both economic and technological aspects. Third, the challenges faced by Web 3.0 in research and regulation are pointed out. Finally, an outlook on the future development of Web 3.0 is given.

The application of artificial intelligence(AI) in the military field has recently further improved the overall response ability and execution efficiency of information-based joint operations. Electronic countermeasures combat operations take place in an invisible space, it is more urgent for troops to get AI technology support in a fast-changing electromagnetic situation. By sorting out the main application modes of AI technology in military field, this paper systematically studies the application path of AI in electronic countermeasures from a perspective of operational integrity and puts forward specific thoughts and suggestions for combat command，warfare method application，equipment research and development, and intelligent cooperation, so as to accurately serve the electromagnetic field struggle and improve intelligent combat ability.

Deep space exploration embodies comprehensive national power and has become the commanding height of science and technology competition among the world's space powers. Deep space resource utilization is the key frontier of international deep space exploration,in which the utilization of matter resources is of great significance for humanity's space expansion. This paper introduces the connotation of deep space resource and summarizes the significance of its utilization. Focusing on matter resources, this paper investigates the state-of-the-art research on the volatile extraction and utilization, atmospheric resource utilization, mineral resource extraction and refining, and in-situ manufacturing and construction on planetary surfaces. Finally,this paper offers an outlook for the trends in utilization deep space matter resources, paving the way for the future research in deep space exploration.

In view of the spectrum planning of China's carrier rocket, the positioning, rocket generation and scale divi-sion of carrier rocket system are put forward, and the focus of carrier rocket type spectrum planning is the third and 3.5 generations of medium and large disposable carrier rockets, as well as the fourth generation of reusable carrier rockets. This paper analyzes the technical development demand and capability development demand of the carrier rockets, and defines the power matching, rocket configuration, launch cost, carrying capacity, payload envelope and launch capacity of the carrier rockets. According to the technical developmen-tal needs and capability needs of the launch vehicles, 7 kinds of launch vehicles of the third generation ex-pendable launch vehicle spectrum, 6 kinds of launch vehicles of the 3.5 generation expendable launch vehicle spectrum, and 2 kinds of launch vehicles of the fourth generation reusable launch vehicle spectrum are pro-posed, respectively. Meanwhile, the evolution and replacement strategy of the second, third, 3.5 and fourth generations are proposed, namely the second launch vehicle is suggested to use until around year 2030, the third launch vehicle is suggested to use until around 2035, and the 3.5 and fourth generation launch vehicles are suggested to use around 2045 when the second and third generation launch vehicles are finally replaced.

The rapid development of high-speed aircraft, microelectronic devices and other fields puts forward higher requirements for the thermal conductivity of thermal management materials. Graphene with excellent thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity is an ideal new generation of thermal management materials. The research status and development prospect of graphene as a high thermal conductivity material are introduced. Firstly, the preparation methods of graphene materials are summarized, including mechanical peeling, epitaxial growth, chemical vapor deposition and redox. Thermal conductivity mechanisms of different types of graphene materials are discussed. Graphene materials carry out heat conduction through phonons and electrons with phonon heat conduction being the mainstay. The thermal resistance network model and thermal conduction permeability model are discussed. The research progress and application of monolayer or less-layer graphene, graphene film, carbon nanotube/graphene composite film and phase-change polymer/graphene composite materials in the field of thermal management are summarized.

“人机情感交互”研究旨在创建一种能感知、识别和理解人的情感，并能针对人的情感作出智慧、灵敏、自然回应的智能系统，是实现机器人自然化、拟人化、人格化的基础技术和重要前提。2024年，大语言模型的进步给该领域带来了深刻的变革。从交互理论、情感认知、情感调节及交互效果评估层面回眸该领域年度研究进展，并探讨在情感认知可计算模型、情感调控可进化交互环路、情感交互可解释评估体系等方面存在的理论与技术问题。指出了人机情感交互领域未来研究主要方向为情感认知可计算建模方法、情感调控可进化交互环路、情感交互可解释评估体系等。

2024年，无人机技术正以智能化、自主化和系统化为核心驱动力，深刻重塑着低空经济与智能空域的全球格局。从无人机自主飞行与智能控制、无人机集群协同、无人机集群验证、反无人机技术及无人机管控与低空经济等多个维度，系统阐述了无人机相关技术2024年的代表性进展、技术挑战与发展趋势。当今，无人机技术正通过跨领域的技术集成和智能生态构建，从单一工具化应用跃升为系统级战略支柱，而低空经济的快速扩张对全球空域治理、多模态感知、任务优化以及安全保障提出了新的要求。未来的无人机必将以智能空域治理为基石、以协同创新为引擎、以新质能力提升为目标，打造面向未来场景应用的无人机生态新体系，为低空经济高质量发展、智能空域全球布局及多领域纵深应用提供技术支撑与行业引领。

In 2023 innovations and breakthroughs were achieved in UAV technology, showing remarkable technological innovation progress and wide application situation. This paper comprehensively analyzes the scientific and technological hotspots of UAV in 2023 from multiple perspectives, such as UAV control policy, technology innovation, key technologies, UAV cluster verification, and anti-UAV technology. With the improvement of visual emergency obstacle avoidance technology and intelligent autonomous flight ability, the performance and function of UAV were significantly improved. With the continuous popularization and application of Uavs, the key technologies, combat styles and platform construction of UAV swarms were also constantly improving. Industry customization, independent intelligence and cross-domain actual combat are still important directions for the future development of UAVs.

Olga Alexandrovna Ladyzhenskaya was one of the most outstanding female mathematical physicists in Russia in the twentieth century, she made outstanding contributions to the field of partial differential equations, especially in hyperbolic, elliptic, parabolic partial differential equations, Navier-Stokes equations, and attractor theory. Her outstanding contributions also made Russia become a scientific and technological power. By explaining her life experience, academic achievements and profound influences, this paper demonstrates her scientific outlook on life, pursuit of scientific excellence and the driving force to promote scientific progress.

China has promised to achieve the "dual-carbon" goal in order to reduce climate warming caused by human-induced CO₂ emissions, accelerate the transition of the electricity system toward renewable energy, and provide impetus to green development. Starting from summarizing the trend of recent studies, this paper encompasses the demand for energy transitions to meet the "dual-carbon" goal, analyzes the environmental problems in the processes of energy transition, and identifies the potential impacts of the production and operation of renewable energy on the environment and ecology. To cope with the challenge of achieving the "dual-carbon" goal, the trends of growth in power generation and energy consumption from 2021 to 2060 are predicted by analyzing the historical growth of renewable energy from 2010 to 2021. In addition, this paper analyzes the demand for land, power transmission, energy storage, and investment for the development of photovoltaic and wind power in China by taking into account the state-of-the-art estimate of photovoltaic and wind power generation. Based on the analysis, it is extrapolated that the renewable growth rate of clean energy in China is insufficient to satisfy the pledges aligning with the "dualcarbon" goal, therefore it is required to overcome the inertia in the energy and economic systems to strengthen the process of energy transition and increase the share of renewable energy in total energy supply. Lastly, a number of suggestions for policy are provided for accelerating the energy transitions to achieve the goal at a low economic cost.

In 2023, countries such as the United States, Europe, Australia, Japan, South Korea, and India successively released national policies and strategic plans for cybersecurity, and the strategic position of cybersecurity was becoming increasingly prominent and constantly improving. At the same time, high covert and destructive attack activities represented by APT attacks,ransomware attacks, supply chain attacks, new network attacks, and mobile attacks were frequent, posing serious security threats to the global cyberspace. Zero trust, confidential computing, privacy computing, and resilient security technologies were flourishing. Quantum key distribution and anti quantum cryptography continued to achieve technological innovation and breakthroughs. Generative artificial intelligence created a new development space for cybersecurity, and the field of cybersecurity was facing unprecedented development opportunities and application prospects.

Based on the special background conditions of China's TOD development, this paper summarizes the practical experiences of Shenzhen's TOD hub construction, and puts forward three core strategies that China's TOD development should follow, namely: establishing a mechanism for unifying interest subjects, building a professional technology coordination platform, and granting decision-making rights to construction and operation subjects, so as to provide references for exploring effective paths for China's TOD development.

To conduct an interim analysis on the data of an ongoing prospective real world study of Zilongjin tablet in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and preliminarily evaluate the potential advantages of Zilongjin tablets in improving clinical outcomes of patients, a prospective registry study was designed to enroll patients with NSCLC. The patients were divided into exposure group and non-exposure group according to using Zilongjin tablets for treatment. Analysis was focused on the subjects been followed up for more than 18 months, and propensity score matching was adopted to control confounding factors. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the estimated survival rate, Cox proportional risk regression model was used to estimate the risk ratio between the two groups, and the incidence of end events, estimated survival rate, physical strength and quality of life scores were compared between groups. The mortality and loss of follow-up in exposure group was lower than that in non-exposure group before and after matching (P<0.05). The survival analysis showed that the estimated survival rate of the exposure group before and after matching was higher than that of the non-exposure group. The estimated survival rates of the two groups at the 18th month were 0.872 and 0.823 before the match, and 0.865 and 0.816 after matching, respectively. There was a significant difference in the survival curve between the two groups (P<0.05). The risk ratio (HR) before and after matching was 0.661 and 0.474, respectively. For ECOG-PS score before and after matching, the proportion of zero point in exposure group at the 6th and 18th month was higher (P<0.05). After matching, the EQ-VAS of exposure group was significantly higher than that of non-exposure group at the 6th month (P<0.05). The clinical application of Zilongjin tablets can reduce the incidence of death end points and improve the survival rate of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Compared with the non-exposure group, it also showed potential advantages in maintaining patients' physical strength and quality of life scores.

Gu Fangzhou's work has significantly improved the effectiveness of polio attenuated vaccine and protected millions of children from the threat of polio. As a pioneer in the development of China's oral attenuated vaccine through cell culture, Gu's journey into public health and virology is explored in this paper. The reasons behind Gu's pursuit of a career in public health and virology are introduced and the process of developing China's first batches of attenuated polio vaccines is detailed. Furthermore, the factors influencing the choice of technical routes for polio vaccine development is discussed, as well as the processes and results of vaccine production, verification, and clinical trials. Gu has closely linked his personal destiny with the future of the nation. His research and efforts have significantly improved the health and quality of life for hundreds of millions of people.

Cancer is an important public health concern threatening the well-being of Chinese residents. Through collaborative efforts among multi-levels of government, disease prevention and control centers, as well as medical institutions, China has achieved remarkable progress in cancer screening and early detection and treatment. This article summarizes the screening methods for common cancers in China, outlines the cancer screening progress of four major public health programs, and provides an overview of current challenges. With the implementation of screening programs, the early detection rate of cancer has continuously improved, and the quality of screening has gradually enhanced. However, there are still several deficiencies in China's cancer screening efforts, including increasing the participation rate of screening and enhancing the quality of grassroots-level screening.

Graph neural network (GNN) is another major development after convolutional neural network, and it belongs to an emerging deep learning method in the field of artificial intelligence. It mainly preserves the topological information in graph data through end-to-end learning from graph to prediction, and overcomes the defect that traditional deep learning cannot be applied to non-Euclidean data. This paper demonstrates the advantages of GNN for processing complex non-Euclidean data through the application progress of GNN in brain-related mental and nervous system diseases. GNN shows great potential in the medical field, furthermore, the network structure of the syndrome differentiation system of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is similar to the structure of the brain active area, and it is highly compatible with the schematic unstructured data processed by GNN, so GNN has great application prospect in the field of TCM. This article summarizes the application of GNN in the field of TCM and brain-related mental and nervous system diseases, and analyzes the advantages of TCM diagnosis and treatment models from the theoretical level, in order to explore and build a GNN-based model for fitting with the thinking mode of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" and realizing the objective diagnosis in TCM. It provides new means for solving the problems of complex relationship representation in TCM and mining the individual characteristics of patients. And it also provides a favorable tool for revealing the potential mechanism of TCM from multiple perspectives, and developing and improving the science of TCM.

This article focuses on amorphous matters and reviews recent advances in amorphous materials and physics. More recently, more than 30% of the lunar soil collected by China's Chang 'e-5 mission was found to be glassy, further confirming the widespread existence of amorphous matter in the universe. Topological order and inhomogeneity may be hidden behind the seemingly chaotic structure of amorphous materials, so amorphous matters have strange genetic, sensitive and relaxation behaviors, and show a series of excellent physical and chemical properties, such as extreme stability, super-plasticity, super mechanical behavior and excellent soft magnetic properties. The new generation of Zr-based and Fe-based amorphous alloys developed based on order regulation and high flux technology are successfully applied to core components such as folding mobile phone hinges and new energy vehicle motors, indicating that amorphous matters have irreplaceable application advantages. The future development of amorphous matters should focus on introducing a new paradigm of material research, attaching importance to the importance of process innovation, promoting the cross-integration of multi-disciplinary fields, giving full play to the advantages of advanced characterization technology and large scientific devices, and creating a whole-chain innovation model for production, university and research, so as to actively promote the rapid development of amorphous materials and physics, and expand the application of amorphous matters in high-tech fields. Make the future of mankind a better place.