In 2023 the development of large generative AI models achieved a series of breakthroughs. This paper reviews the key technologies of large models that have received significant attention, including the emergent abilities of large language model(LLM), development of multimodal LLMs, as well as alignment and knowledge enhancement techniques of large models. The paper also introduces the vertical applications of generative AI in various fields such as healthcare and education, and its role in advancing the development of AI agents and metaverse technologies. Additionally, the challenges and developmental trends in generative AI are discussed, including issues related to data privacy, biased values, copyright disputes, and fake news propagation.

This paper starts from the perspective of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction, and deeply analyzes the realistic foundation of China's green and low-carbon food production, the main problems faced, and proposes optimization paths. The paper points out that the guidance and support of national policies, the improvement of technological progress and innovation capabilities, and the transformation of market demand are key to promoting the green and low-carbon development of food production. However, there are also issues such as the need for further clarification of policies, the need to strengthen the awareness and ability of producers to reduce pollution and carbon emissions, and technological bottlenecks. To address these issues, the paper proposes optimization strategies including the formulation of a pollution and carbon reduction roadmap, the cultivation of producers' awareness, the strengthening of technological innovation and promotion, and the establishment of a green and low-carbon value realization mechanism. These measures aim to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the green and low-carbon transformation and sustainable development of food production.

The rapid development of deep learning raises a massive demand for computing power. However, traditional siliconbased chips based on the von Neumann architecture with physically separated memory and computing units, are facing critical issues such as the "memory wall", and hence the increase of chip computing power is gradually hitting a bottleneck. To address this problem, researchers have been inspired by the working mechanism of biological brain and proposed a computing-inmemory architecture based on memristors. This novel architecture is expected to achieve several orders of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency and speed over the von Neumann architecture for tasks such as artificial neural networks. It is one of the most promising technologies to achieve ultra-low power consumption and ultra-high computing power. This article first reviews the working mechanisms of various types of memristors, and summarizes the latest device research internationally. Then, the progress on application demonstrations of memristor-based computing-in-memory chips such as neural networks, signal processing, and machine learning are reviewed. The current challenges in this field and further research directions are concluded in the end.

This paper provides an overview of the current development status of hydrogen energy highway transportation, rail transit, shipbuilding, and aviation in China. It analyzes the comprehensive performance of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China and points out that the challenges faced by Chinese hydrogen energy vehicles are mainly high costs of vehicles and fuel and insufficient refueling infrastructure. However, as China steps into the middle and late stage of urbanization, heavy-load transportation and special transportation with fixed routes provide opportunities for the development of hydrogen vehicles, and family passenger vehicles will become an important direction. Hydrogen energy rail transit will also play a role in areas where electrification is difficult. Ships and aircraft powered by hydrogen compounds will become the focus of shipbuilding and aviation industries. In the future, hydrogen energy transportation should improve planning, promote technological integration and innovation, develop new hydrogen energy transportation travel modes, build a sound policy system, and adopt carbon market mechanism to achieve a new leap.

In response to the demand for smart ocean construction, a digital twin technology system and application directions for the ocean are proposed. Firstly, the current research and development status of smart ocean is systematically reviewed and analyzed. By studying the integration and application of new generation information technology and industrial technology, the concept and connotation of digital twin are elaborated, and the application scenarios of digital twin in marine scientific cognition,marine development and utilization, the full life cycle of marine equipment and the ocean governance decision-making are provided. Then, in response to the common needs of smart ocean construction and application, a six-dimensional ocean digital twin model architecture theory is proposed, which includes six basic elements: real ocean, digital ocean, interactive mapping,twin ocean data, twin ocean knowledge, and twin intelligent application. Finally, key technical issues and implementation paths for empowering the smart ocean with digital twins are proposed and explored. The aim is to provide some thinking and reference for the future development and deep application of smart oceans through the research of marine digital twin technology.

科学的飞速发展和文化的缓慢变化发生了矛盾。百年来，中国对传统文化的主流观点曾经出现多次反复，至今缺乏系统的反思，成为当前学术界发挥科学创新潜力的一大障碍。本文从历史回顾和中外比较入手，提出当现代科学在欧洲产生时，中国曾坐失参与的良机；当试图引入西方科技时，又因为方向错误遭受失败，结果使得科学成为西方的特色和东方的弱点。东西方差异的根源在于大陆文明和海洋文明的不同属性，可以上溯到2000多年前古希腊和春秋列国的2大源头。当今世界上这2大文明的经济基础正在消失，新时代的科技发展必将产生新型的全球文明。呼吁从历史反思入手，重新认识中国传统文化，争当国际学术界铸造全球新文明的排头兵。

Integrated development in the new era is an important part of high-quality development. Based on a comprehensive summary of the historical achievements and changes in the planning and construction of high-speed railway stations since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, this paper focuses on the strategic deployment of building a powerful transportation country, systematically analyzes the interactive mechanism and value orientation of the station-city integration, reveals the basic connotation and mode of the station-city integration. Focusing on the design problems such as the separation of station city space, the lack of urban functions, monotonous environment and low space utilization rate, this paper puts forward the construction strategy of the station-city integration to relieve the station-city development dilemma, reconstruct the order of station-city, release the vitality of city and seek the symbiosis of station-city, providing a solution to promote the high-quality coordinated development of high-speed railway stations and cities.

Post-quantum cryptography is a new generation of cryptography technology for defending quantum computer attacks. It is regarded as a reliable alternative to traditional cryptography systems, and relevant international standards are gradually emerging. This paper briefly describes the development of post-quantum cryptography, and analyzes the latest development, mathematical principles and characteristics of current algorithm research. On this basis, the analysis is carried out from the three levels of algorithm, hardware architecture, and specific circuit implementation. Then we indicate key technologies that future research needs to overcome, such as efficient hardware implementation, dynamic reconfigurability, side channel attack defense, and secure SoC integration. Moreover, the low-power post-quantum cryptographic chip, the high-performance post-quantum cryptographic chip and core modules such as hashing, random sampling, operation acceleration and logic processing in the chip are described in detail. Finally, we summarize the application status and research value of the current chip implementation in terms of efficient IP design for core circuits, multi-scenario application compatibility, multiple defense mechanisms, and information infrastructure integration, and cover the future development trend of industrialization and diversification. By studying the post-quantum cryptography algorithm and its key technologies, then exploring efficient chip design and implementation methods, it is conducive to promoting the research on the theory and application of public key cryptosystems against quantum attacks, and provides guarantee for China's information security strategy in the quantum era.

With more than twenty years of development, China has become a world leader in the core technologies and industrialization of new energy vehicle（NEV） industry. Therefore, it is a great concern to China to ensure the sustainable development of new energy vehicles (NEVs) for the next ten years. This research aims to explore and uncover the laws of certainty from the uncertainty of NEV market, and to analyze and predict the cyclical and structural trend of NEVs' development over the next ten years in China. The main conclusions are as follows: From now to 2026, the market penetration of the NEV will continue to maintain a rapid growth. The new energy revolution, with NEVs, lithium batteries and photovoltaic cells as its three emerging pillars, will make a breakthrough. By 2030, NEVs will achieve profitability. Based on the development of NEVs, the development of new energy will turn into a new energy revolution. By 2035, the priorities of NEVs and the new energy revolution will change from the technological innovation into social concepts and business models reforms. The paper also discussed the possible challenges, including intensified internal competition, overcapacity, market fluctuations and increased uncertainty, which may impede China's NEVs to enter a new level of development, Meanwhile, it proposed feasible solutions to respond to these challenges and risks.

As a broadly interdisciplinary field, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) has become a significant driving force in advancing the development of the information age and bringing computing technologies to the public for everyone to use. This article reviews key topics in the field of HCI until now, and it also explores the evolutionary path of ideas behind the technologies, presenting a more macroscopic philosophical understanding of human-computer relationship and future innovation in the human context. The article is divided into four parts: (1) It briefly describes the position and contributions of HCI; (2) It analyzes the evolution of current technological phenomena from the history of HCI; (3) By understanding the antibiosis issues between humans and computers, the article also applies“Human-Engaged Computing”theory to a discussion about the ideal relationship between humans and technology; (4) Based on the above, we also present suggestions for future development from five aspects: academic thought, research and education, societal impacts, information dissemination, and technology design.

In the era of big data and artificial intelligence, homomorphic encryption methods are widely recognized as an ideal technology to solve data security and privacy leakage problems. However, there are currently issues such as poor computational efficiency and ciphertext inflation, which seriously affect application and promotion of this technology. On the basis of summarizing the current research status, this paper reviews and analyzes the relevant research progress in 2023 from two aspects:hardware acceleration for homomorphic encryption algorithms and optimization of homomorphic encryption algorithms. Significant acceleration effects are attributed to the dedicated integrated circuit technology route; substantial progress has been made in optimization from the algorithm perspective. It can be predicted that in the next few years homomorphic encryption will be combined with artificial intelligence to deliver more value in cross-industry and industry division data collaboration and utilization.

The terms "Web 3.0" and "Metaverse" now both refer to the third generation of the Internet. A theoretical framework for Web 3.0/Metaverse is constructed, which consists of three parts. The first part is the Web 3.0/Metaverse architecture, including the structure of the Internet at the Web 3.0/Metaverse system level and the structure of computers as the Internet end systems at the Web 3.0/Metaverse component level. The second part is the Web 3.0/Metaverse technology system, including nine Web 3.0/Metaverse technologies. The third part is the Web 3.0/Metaverse application world, which structurely integrates the virtual and real worlds into one and covers five fields, namely economy, politics, military, society, and culture, in either function or scene. A Web 3.0/Metaverse application system is a field or subsystem, or sub-subsystem, etc. of the Web 3.0/Metaverse application world. A kind of Web 3.0/Metaverse application, digital twinning, is analyzed. The first-principle of blockchain is proposed: in the Web 3.0/Metaverse application world, the core function of blockchain is to make contrust (common trust).

Developing new energy vehicles and promoting industrialization of new energy vehicles are of great significance for solving the problems of high pollution, high energy consumption, and high emissions of traditional fuel vehicles. Taking new energy vehicle as the research object this paper comprehensively analyzes the current industrial and technological development status of new energy vehicles from the development background of new energy vehicles, the whole vehicle, and the three-electric system. It is pointed out that Chian's new energy vehicles have issues such as imperfect infrastructure construction, low battery recycling rate, and lack of mastery of key technologies of basic devices. Therefore, this paper aims to provide reference for the future development direction and planning of new energy vehicle technology and industry.

Qian Xuesen was the founder of China's aerospace industry and an internationally renowned scientist and he also was the outstanding representative of China's scientist spirit. This article summarizes the connotation of Qian Xuesen's scientist spirit from six aspects: patriotism, innovation, seeking truth, dedication, collaboration, and education. Qian Xuesen's scientist spirit has injected a permanent scientific spirit and innovative momentum into China's national defense technology innovation and high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement.

As Moore's law approaches to the limit, "More than Moore" for 2.5D/3D packaging is entering its historical arena. Through silicon via (TSV) is one of the important representatives in high-end electronics advanced packaging. This paper focuses on the copper plating process which realizes electrical interconnection in TSV technology and systematically summarizes the composition of the formula of copper plating solutions. The key difficulty of the copper plating process lies in the defect-free filling of TSV, and the selection of additives is particularly important. A guide for selection of electroplating solution for TSV metallization electroplating process is then provided. In addition, the external electric field and other process conditions imposed on the plating solution during the plating process will also affect the quality of filling vias. Therefore, TSV copper plating processes of the research teams at home and abroad are summarized for selection of a copper plating process. Finally, the characterization methods for studying the action mechanism of additives in electroplating solutions based on computational simulation and electrochemical testing are briefly summarized, and the progress and shortcomings of current research methods on additives in electroplating solution are discussed.

Projection of population structure in the Xiong'an New Area is great significant for the regional high-quality development. Based on the sixth population census and the Baoding Economic Statistical Yearbooks, the populationdevelopment-environment model is used to project population structure from 2020 to 2035 in the Xiong'an New Area. The policy-oriented population migration plan of the Xiong'an New Area is set by referring to the migration population patterns of the Shanghai Pudong New Area and the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. The characteristics of the population structure by age, gender and education level were compared between the policy-oriented migration plans and natural migration plan following its historical trend. The research conclusions are as follows:(1) Aging trend of the population has appeared in the Xiong'an New Area. At period 2020-2035, the degree of aging will increase under the natural migration mode. In contrast, aging trend will be alleviated under the policy-oriented migration mode in which the pressure on the labor force might be reduced but the birthrate might be in a low status. (2) The total gender ratio is projected to show a downward trend under both migration modes. Although the gender structure might be improved, the gender ratio will still be slightly higher. (3) Under the natural migration mode, the average length of education will rise from 9 years in 2020 to about 10 years in 2035, which means secondary education will still dominate the population educational structure. Under the policy-oriented migration mode, the average length of education will increase from 9 years to 13.5 years, and the dominant educational level will shift from secondary education to university education. (4) To promote high-quality development in the Xiong'an New Area, some major socio-economic aspects need to be improved including optimization of the pension insurance system and the fertility policy, increasing in the property income of the labor force, strengthening the laws and regulations construction to enhance the awareness of the gender equality, and improvement of infrastructure construction and fostering of innovative talents.

Traumatic hemorrhage is an important challenge in the field of first aid and may cause imbalance of the coagulationanticoagulation system. Yunnan Baiyao Baoxianzi is a classic first-aid medicine in the treatment of traumatic hemorrhage in traditional Chinese medicine. It has the effects of both hemostasis and anticoagulation. In this study, orthopaedic trauma patients at the emergency center of Hohhot First Hospital from Jan 2018 to Dec 2021 were taken as the research objects. Through a prospective parallel controlled clinical study, the hemostatic efficacy of baozi was systematically evaluated in terms of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, hemoglobin decline, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time, fibrinogen (FBG), blood transfusion rate, prognosis of bleeding/coagulation adverse reactions, etc. The results showed that the intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative drainage volume, hemoglobin decline, blood transfusion rate, PT, and prognosis of bleeding/coagulation adverse reactions in the Baoxianzi group (n=27) were significantly lower than those in the control group (n= 24) and the FBG in the Baoxianzi group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Thus, Baoxianzi can maintain the balance of coagulation-anticoagulation system, significantly reduce bleeding volume and benefit anticoagulation at the same time, preventing TIC and reducing adverse prognosis reactions.

Chiplet technology is a new generation of integrated circuit technology that has emerged in recent years. It has been widely recognized by the industry due to its excellent characteristics such as improving yield, breaking the limit of reticle size, flexibility in chip architecture, and standardization of IP supply chain. To further promote the development of chiplet technology in China, this article summarizes the application scenarios of chiplet technology, analyzes various core component technologies, elaborates on various technical challenges that may arise in the development of chiplet technology, reviews the development of China’s chiplet standards, and finally, puts forward some suggestions for the development of chiplet technology in China.

In order to provide useful guidance for further improvement of AI ethics, this paper analyzes the current development trend of AI ethics researches in China. The relevant literature in China is reviewed, focusing on four research topics, including the development process of AI ethics, the governance of ethical risk, and the ethical responsibility of the main body. The causes of ethical problems are analyzed, and an analysis framework is constructed. Through the review, some limitations in the domestic researches are revealed, such as the disconnect between theory and practice, the lack of systematicness, the obsolescence of research direction, and the imbalance of research objects. In view of the above problems, according to the trend of AI ethical governance in China, and focusing on the forefront of AI technology, some suggestions are made: emphasizing that theories should be linked to practice, encouraging the systematic researches of disciplines, promoting the innovation of ethical research, and promoting the balance of research objects. Following the guidance of these four aspects, this paper proposes to build an AI ethics system with Chinese characteristics and promote the research of AI ethics.

Magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials have the advantages of high hydrogen storage capacity, abundant magnesium resources and low cost, and are considered to be of promising application prospects. In recent years, numerous researches have focused on improving the performance of hydrogen supply by pyrolysis/hydrolysis of MgH₂ and many good achievements have been obtained. Based on the recent research progress, this paper summarizes the effects of the material/ structure modification and the reaction conditions on pyrolysis/hydrolysis performance of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials, and expounds the relationship between composition-microstructure-properties of solid Mg-based hydrogen storage materials. Meanwhile, the Mg-based hydrogen storage systems and their industrial applications are summarized. At last, the current results of the solid state Mg-based hydrogen storage are summarized and some suggestions for the future investigations are proposed.

The discovery of bilayer nickelate superconductor La₃Ni₂O₇ under high pressure has attracted worldwide attention, in which theoretical research plays a vital role. So far, theoretical calculations show that the two e_g Ni 3d_x2-y2 and 3d_z2 orbitals in La₃Ni₂O₇ are crucial to the formation of superconductivity, while the O₂ p orbital also appears on the Fermi surface. Multi-orbital models have been proposed based on the above analysis. Various calculations show that La₃Ni₂O₇ has a s^± wave pairing symmetry although other pairing symmetries can be obtained. Theoretical calculations shows that the superconducting mechanism is unconventional and closely related to antiferromagnetic fluctuation. The vacancy of apical oxygen has a significant impact on the occurrence of superconductivity. The discovery of trilayer nickelate superconductor La₄Ni₃O₁₀ under pressure has further enriched the family of nickelate superconductors. And its electronic band structure, multi-orbital model, superconducting pairing symmetry and so on have been investigated and explored theoretically.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has become an emerging platform technology for achieving mechano-electrical energy conversion, with huge application potentials in a variety of fields. For the past decade, through extensive efforts, significant progress on the research of TENG has been made worldwide, including both fundamental scientific research and application technology of TENGs. Therefore, this article aims to review the representative achievements of TENGs in fundamental findings and technological innovations and look forward to the faster development of TENGs.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, the introduction of a new food security strategy has provided an important basis for ensuring national food security. And new ideas, thoughts and policies have been introduced and supplemented, continuing to enrich and broaden the connotations and boundaries of the road to food security with Chinese characteristics. This paper reviews the important achievements and significance of China's food security under the guidance of the food security strategy in the new era and sorts out the evolutionary path and the shift which characterizes the current food security strategy. China's food security strategy has undergone five major changes:from taking care of the overall food varieties to preserving the key varieties, from promoting output to strengthening production capacity, from pressing the production areas to making a concerted effort, from emphasizing quantity to improving quality, and from the production side to the whole chain. In terms of policy options, to promote further improvements in food security, we should start with the in-depth implementation of the strategy of storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology, improving the institutional mechanism of two positive aspects of farmers' grain cultivation and local food control, establishing a synergistic mechanism of food security and green development under the goal of double carbon, building a double cycle system based on domestic production and integration of international resources and establishing a comprehensive food security system led by the Big Food Vision.

The low carbon economy rising at the beginning of this century has focused on the low-carbon transition of energy structure and economic structure. China has accelerated the pace of green and low-carbon transformation of energy, continuously upgraded the industrial structure, and achieved remarkable results in energy conservation, emission reduction and carbon reduction. Afforestation and circular economy development have also reduced the carbon intensity and the green and low-carbon lifestyle has become a social fashion since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. China has actively participated in global governance of climate change and carry out South-South cooperation to address climate change and provide support and assistance to developing countries within its capabilities. China's goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization has stimulated the vitality of low-carbon economic development. Based on the analysis of opportunities and challenges faced by China's development, it is proposed that we should adhere to the principle of establishing first and then breaking down, make overall planning, ensure energy security while reducing carbon, take the optimization of economic structure as an important task, and take the socialist modernization power with Chinese characteristics as the direction to achieve sustainable development.

With the continuous development of bionic technology, human beings have made breakthroughs in obser-vation and simulation modeling of amphibians such as flying fish, Uria aalge, Gannet, and flying squid. On this basis, the field of aquatic unmanned aerial vehicle (AquaUAV) has also developed rapidly, but there are still some key technical difficulties. According to the types of bionic organisms, this review summariz-es the studies of the AquaUAV prototype, as well as the progress made in the wing structure, water/air propulsion method in recent years. Then, from the perspective of computer simulation and experiments, the research methods used in the study of kinematics and dynamics are analyzed. Finally, combined with the development status of this field, some key technical challenges are summarized and the future of AquaUAV is prospected.

This paper summarizes the common practice patterns of artificial intelligence application in criminal investigation, mainly including video investigation, individual identification, data retrieval, information mining, auxiliary interrogation, evidence evaluation, etc., which brings multi-dimensional lock, situation and finger integration, and full chain support to the investigation department. Then this paper analyzes a series of risks and challenges accompanied by the application of artificial intelligence in criminal investigation, such as black box effect, precision deviation, algorithm overstep, open panorama, investigation secret room and so on. Some suggestions are put forward, such as anchoring the basic stance of human-oriented and human-computer integration, promoting the integration of data-driven and knowledge-guided methods, enhancing the ethical adaptation of artificial intelligence application in criminal investigation, and optimizing the legal system of artificial intelligence application in criminal investigation.

As a non-carbon clean energy, geothermal energy plays an important role in promoting the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality due to its advantages of stable and continuous supply. The utilization of geothermal energy is generally divided into geothermal power generation, geothermal direct utilization and geothermal energy storage. Since 2010, global geothermal direct utilization has grown exponentially, with the installed capacity of geothermal direct utilization and annual heat utilization of about 108 GWt and 283,580 GWh, respectively. China has long ranked first in the world in terms of geothermal direct utilization. The geothermal heat pump system shows an exponential growth of about 16% every year, and the geothermal heat pump system accounts for about 72% and 60% of the installed capacity and heat utilization of the global direct utilization of geothermal heat, respectively. The average annual growth rate of geothermal power generation from 2010 to 2020 is about 4% restricted by high-temperature geothermal resources. Geothermal energy storage is the frontier field of geothermal utilization. Europe and the United States have deployed the "HEATSTORE" and "Geothermal Battery" energy storage projects respectively. The geothermal energy storage project deployed by the Geothermal Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has also entered the stage of key technology research and demonstration projects construction. As a huge natural energy storage, geothermal storage is the most suitable basis for storing energy and realizing a stable supply of thermal energy in a multi-energy complementary system. It can save other energy sources across seasons, realize efficient and large-scale energy storage across seasons, and improve energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, it can help achieve the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

Origins,worlds,and life:a decadal strategy for planetary science and astrobiology 2023-2032,the 3rd planetary decadal in 21st century to guide the solar system exploration in the coming 10 years (hereinafter referred to briefly as Decadal 2023),covers a broad range of recommendations such as science missions,research and analysis,and technologies.The article focuses on its three scientific themes,the recommended science program with big,medium and small missions,the deep space probes under development adopted by the previous decadal,and the cross-discipline missions which aim to achieve groundbreaking discovery in search for life elsewhere.Moreover,the Decadal 2023 includes for the first time the elements of planetary defense and state of profession,the latter of which interprets space science's social values.Though the planetary science just started lately in China,it has entered a rapid development phase benefiting from lunar and planetary explorations of China.The article aims to inspire future planetary progress in China through lessons learned from the American planetary decadal practices,e.g.,implementing science-driven missions with cutting-edge technology,emphasizing research and analysis,and investing new instrumentation development.

The third-generation vaccine technology represented by mRNA vaccine has played a important role in the fight against the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). The technique of modifying mRNA with pseudouridine and its analogs developed by Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman is the key basis for the successful development of mRNA vaccine. The scientific research road of the main pioneer of this technology, Katalin Karikó, and the research and development of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines provide us with much food of thought. Karikó's success is inseparable from her firm belief in face of difficulties and the spirit of persistently and steadfastly engaging in basic research. One should pay more attention to the key role of basic research in promoting the source innovation.

This paper reviews the history of modern science and technology in China, focusing on the outstanding contributions of Li Siguang, as the founder of geomechanics and one of the main leaders and founders of modern geoscience in China. The characteristics of "strategic scientist" are analyzed, as a combination of "scientist", "scientific and technological talent" and "strategist". It is concluded that Li Siguang is a well deserved strategic scientist.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022 was jointly awarded to Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi, Morten Meldal and Karl Barry Sharpless for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry. Sharpless has won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the second time since 2001. This paper reviews his scientific research and achievements in the field of click chemistry, analyzes the characteristics of click chemistry, that is, simplicity and efficiency. Meanwhile, the paper points out that his research direction changing from chiral catalytic oxidation reaction to click chemistry reflects the scientific spirit of selfbreakthrough and never-ending and the interdisciplinarity of his study also reveals the way to cultivate innovative scientists.

With the deepening development of China's reform and opening up and the Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion has gradually moved towards the world stage. Under the background of the new era, the clinical application of acupuncture and moxibustion in China has become more extensive, the treatment methods have bloomed, the clinical, basic and theoretical research has been deepened, and the standards and regulations of acupuncture and moxibustion have gradually led the world: The disease spectrum of acupuncture and moxibustion has been continuously expanded, the clinical application has been increasingly extensive; the treatment methods have been innovated and developed; the clinical research has continuously produced high-quality evidence; the standards and specifications have been published one after another; the theoretical system has been constantly improved; the basic research has made breakthroughs; the international development has been deepened, and the localization of acupuncture overseas has been developed rapidly. At the same time, the current development of acupuncture and moxibustion also faces a series of challenges: It is urgent to establish a diagnosis and treatment system that conforms to the rules of acupuncture and moxibustion itself; the evaluation system of clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion still needs to be improved; the systematic research of acupuncture and moxibustion still needs to be strengthened; the high-quality clinical evidence of acupuncture and moxibustion is still insufficient; the promotion and transformation of acupuncture and moxibustion research results need to be strengthened. Under the new situation of rapid development of science and technology, how to make full use of modern information technology, big data, artificial intelligence to realize the digital transformation and promote the comprehensive development of acupuncture and moxibustion is the only way for the modernization of acupuncture and moxibustion in the future.

Brain science is regarded as the "ultimate frontier" to understand the relationship between universe, nature and human beings, and human beings have never stopped exploring human brain and imitating its mechanism. In the past few centuries, human beings have gained certain understanding of the anatomical structure of human brain and unique functions of each part of the human brain, but its information processing mechanism, the formation of intelligence and other issues need to be further explored. At the same time, it is of great significance to investigate the information processing way of human brain to the study of brain-like intelligence, which plays an important role in expansion and application of human intelligence and is the next goal of AI. Based on extensive research on brain science and brain-like intelligence research at home and abroad, this paper addresses some key scientific issues from a perspective of AI technology in terms of brain information processing mechanism driven by big data, human intelligence formation mechanism based on multiple brain regions collaboration, development mechanism of brain diseases with multi-marker linkage and the mechanism of brain-like depth computing based on multi-modal fusion. It is also suggested to strengthen brain science and brain-like intelligence research from the aspects of interdisciplinary integration, industry-university-research cooperation promotion, international exchange and sharing, strategic planning and deployment, training of scientific talents and so on.

The realization of domestic replacement of industrial software is the key to the transformation of China's industrial system to high-end and intelligent. In response to the U. S. suppression of China's industrial software development, and to explore the road of domestic replacement of industrial software, this paper compiles the development status and the degree of domestic substitution for four types of industrial software: R&D design software, production control software, business management software and embedded software, and analyzes the problems of the various types of domestic industrial software from the aspects of“have”and“use”. It also reviews and summarizes the development history and learning experience of the world's industrial software powerhouses such as the United States, Germany and France. Focusing on the two aspects of "have" and "use", the paper proposes countermeasures to design innovation breakthrough path and build application incentive mechanism respectively. Finally, this paper systematically proposes multi-faceted policy recommendations for the replacement of industrial software.

Over the past decades, there has been tremendous research progress in sleep science and neuroscience and a deeper understanding of dream, while the therapy function of dreams from the intersection of art and neuroscience has been deficient. This paper summarized the related research of emotion-centered dream therapy function, and introduced the visual attempt of dream abstract art form carried out by the Future Laboratory of Tsinghua University on this basis，which is also the basis of dream art therapy in the future. In the background of dream culture and scientific research, it tried to reposition the daily practice of dream research under the integration of science and art, combined the cross-exploration of related research results of psychology, sleep science and art, and restarted the significance of dream generation art research for health therapy.

This paper reviews Qian Xuesen's main contributions as a strategic scientist, such as his participation in the planning of China's modern science and technology, the promotion of the institutionalization of China's engineering sciences, and the organization of the establishment of China's missile and aerospace science and technology. And this paper analyzes the main process of Qian Xuesen's growing up into a strategic scientist, that is, Qian Xuesen was brought up in an open social environment, was educated in a famous scientific school to be an outstanding engineering scientist; New China provided a platform for Qian Xuesen to display his talents and make contributions. In addition, his excellent political cultivation enabled Qian Xuesen to skillfully handle the relationship between science and politics. So a lesson of significance could be learned for the training of strategic scientists.

Quality 4.0 is an emerging quality management concept, which has been increasingly appreciated due to intensification of competition, continually changing customer requirements, and technological evolution. It deals with aligning the practices of quality management with the emergent capabilities of Industry 4.0 to improve cost, time and efficiency as well as increase product quality. As the future of quality, Quality 4.0 has become a potential choice for enterprises and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In the literature, many studies have been conducted to investigate Quality 4.0 from different perspectives. They provide valuable insights and interesting research suggestions concerning Quality 4.0. However, the current researches on Quality 4.0 are insufficient in terms of basic concept, architecture design and key technologies. Therefore, this paper tries to improve the concept of Quality 4.0 by clarifying the definition, features and goals of Quality 4.0 based on a comprehensive review of current researches and practices. Then, a basic architecture of Quality 4.0 is presented by including physical layer, edge layer, analysis layer and decision layer. Besides, eight key technologies, i. e., industrial big data, digital twins, machine learning, machine vision, visualization technology, optimization techniques, connect technology, and collaborative technology, are identified to support the implementation of Quality 4.0. Finally, the problems of Quality 4.0 implementation in the Chinese manufacturing industry and the possible solutions to address them are discussed.

清洁能源转型是一项应对全球气候变化，牵动全球供应链的工程，而关键矿产则是实现净零碳排放目标和发展清洁能源技术不可缺少的物质基础。在沙特试图摆脱对石油经济依赖的前提下，如何保障能源转型过程中所亟需的关键矿产供给、快速发展清洁能源产业是沙特调整经济结构多元化、实现“2030愿景”的重点。当前，中国“一带一路”倡议与沙特“2030愿景”目标高度契合，双方在清洁能源领域合作可以充分实现资源禀赋互补、技术经验共享、产业市场互通。因此，应在社会、供应链等多维度下梳理和分析中沙两国在清洁能源领域的合作基础与发展潜力，在双方的利益视角下提出合作建议，推动沙特能源转型、促进沙特“2030愿景”实现的同时，进一步释放双方资源共享、技术创新、市场开拓等潜力，推进中国与沙特周边地区建立合作伙伴关系，构建“一带一路”中国国际合作发展新格局。

The pioneering breakthroughs in materials continue to trigger explosive growth in high-tech and emerging industries.Advanced materials have become a key area of focus and development for countries to seize the technological commanding elevation, and are a fundamental and leading industry for economic and social development. The development of advanced materials determines the level of development in high-tech, emerging industries, high-end manufacturing and major engineering.This paper systematically analyzes the current development status of advanced materials field in China, summarizes major technology plans and development system capabilities, and proposes strategic directions and policy measures for the future development in advanced materials field of China.

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed fast and made a series of breakthroughs in 2022. This paper summarizes and analyses UAV hotspots and trends in 2022 in terms of UAV regulations, design and realization, key technologies, humanrobot interaction and anti-UAV technologies. With the progress and popularization of visual navigation technology and artificial intelligence technology, the comprehensive capability of UAVs continued to improve and their application fields kept on expanding. Key technologies, platform construction and task-executing styles of UAV swarm were constantly improving, and UAV swarm became more automated, intelligent, cross-domain, clusterized and systematized.