从水源、水厂、管网及风险控制方面阐述了饮用水安全保障的发展现状，总结了饮用水安全领域20余年来在水质风险识别与评价、水源修复、水质净化、管网输配以及农村供水方面的重要成果，在监测设备国产化及能力提升、城镇龙头水稳定达标和农村供水提质等方面取得重大突破，创建了饮用水安全保障技术体系。分析了在新时代美丽中国建设目标下，饮用水安全保障领域面临的水源水质波动、新污染物风险及厂网智慧化程度有待提升等技术挑战与难题，如新污染物去除效率低、毒性副产物缺乏风险控制、化学药剂使用量高、流程繁琐等，并提出了未来要发现的水质净化新原理及新方法、研发水质净化新工艺及新技术、构建高品质饮用水技术体系及未来水厂的发展方向。

随着中国污染控制进入深水区和“双碳”目标的提出，传统污染源治理技术在碳污协同减排和多介质污染协同控制等方面面临诸多挑战，亟需探索环境治理新范式。针对城市环境复合污染治理难题，将污染控制由排放源拓展至环境过程，论述了通过人工手段强化城市环境的自净功能，利用自然界的光、热、风、氧、水等条件实现污染物的环境过程净化，耦合气-水-土多介质人工强化环境自净技术构建“自净城市”，有望成为环境保护工作新的增长点，从而巩固当前污染源排放控制的成果，保障环境质量持续改善。在此基础上，对污染物环境过程净化、自净城市的理论与技术进行了介绍，如将气–水–土多介质人工强化环境自净技术在城市区域进行多场景、多过程、全方位应用，以提升城市环境容量，持续改善城市环境质量，并对城市环境污染物自净过程与机制、人工强化自净材料与技术、多介质环境自净应用策略与方案、城市环境自净能力评估4方面提出了发展建议。

土壤健康是指土壤可持续支持植物生产力、保持环境质量、促进动植物和人类健康的能力。土壤健康直接关系到土壤资源可持续利用和社会经济可持续发展。在论述土壤健康概念内涵及研究现状的基础上，探讨了面向土壤健康的土壤生态调控原理与技术体系，提出从改善土壤环境和调控土壤生物系统2方面管理土壤健康，并特别强调了根际微生物组在土壤健康管理中的重要作用；以保护性农业为例，介绍了通过生态工程措施维持农田土壤健康的基本原则和具体实践。最后，展望了土壤健康研究的未来方向，提出构建中国土壤健康管控系统等建议，旨在提升公众对土壤健康的认知，推进土壤健康研究，为中国土壤资源永续利用提供科技支撑。

矿产资源的开发和利用是维系现代社会经济发展和人类活动的重要基础。然而，近百年来各类矿产资源的开采和加工产生了大量尾矿矿渣，严重威胁着生态环境和人类社会的可持续发展。如何实现尾矿区的生态重建成为实现可持续矿业的关键。在分析传统尾矿生态修复技术不足的基础上，提出基于土壤发生学原理的尾矿生态修复新策略，即尾矿成土生态工程。具体而言，本策略将尾矿视为成土母质矿物，通过系统性生态工程手段加速成土过程，并逐步将其改造成具有多孔物理结构和化学缓冲特性，能够承载生态功能的稳定类土基质，从而实现对尾矿区的生态重建。尾矿成土生态工程需综合考虑尾矿的特性、本地微生物和植物物种资源及气候条件，因地制宜设计技术路线，构建成套技术体系。最后，基于现有研究进展，提出了尾矿成土的关键基础科学问题和技术应用前景。

市政污泥和餐厨垃圾是城市代谢产生的2种典型有机固废，它们的低碳资源循环再利用是“无废城市”建设的重要一环。目前，在全国将污泥和餐厨垃圾厌氧沼渣协同资源化处置的案例较少，且其共热解制备的生物炭的理化性质及重金属的稳定固化效果尚不明晰。本研究从多源固废协同资源化再利用降低投资和运行成本的角度，首先对市政污泥和餐厨垃圾厌氧沼渣进行了共热解实验研究，然后建立了一套日处理能力干基20 t的脱水污泥与沼渣协同热解炭化示范装置，并进行了长时间稳定运行分析。结果表明，在600℃的热解温度下，随着沼渣向污泥中添加比例的增加，焦油和热解气产率降低，而生物炭产率则逐渐升高（质量分数由1∶0时的62.71%增加至1∶3时的73.14%）；共热解后的钾和磷主要富集在生物炭中；共热解所得生物炭中重金属的残渣态和氧化态所占比例均高达80%以上，说明热解技术有利于重金属的稳定固化；与污泥生物炭相比，共热解生物炭中的O—H收缩振动峰有明显减弱，但—C=O吸收峰增强。示范工程运行结果表明，在热解温度400~500℃，单独污泥或沼渣以及污泥与沼渣混合热解后的生物炭得率基本在25%~30%；生物炭中的挥发分为13%~15%，高位热值在4500~5500 kJ·kg^-1；生物炭中的固定碳含量 < 10%，这种碳非常稳定，将其施入土壤中后可以长期稳定存在而不被分解释放CO₂，与污泥焚烧相比，热解1 t污泥相当于减排0.024 t的CO₂；生物炭中的重金属形态更趋近于稳定固化，与实验室研究结果趋势一致。

随着全球人口的快速增长和气候变化带来的挑战，水稻育种面临前所未有的压力。综述了传统育种技术与前沿育种技术在水稻种质创新中的应用，分析了各自的优劣势。传统育种技术如诱变育种、转基因育种和杂交育种，在遗传多样性拓展方面发挥了重要作用，但效率较低，难以满足当前对水稻新品种的需求。相对而言，前沿技术如分子标记辅助选择、基因编辑、分子设计育种和双单倍体育种，在提高育种效率和精准度方面具有巨大潜力，但高成本和法规限制仍是主要障碍。提出了应综合运用多种育种技术，强化基因组学研究，优化基因编辑工具，并加强国际合作，以推动水稻育种的持续创新和发展。融合传统与前沿技术，尤其是现代科技手段，将大幅提升水稻育种效率，并为应对全球粮食安全挑战提供更强支持。

2008—2022年，中国油料产量实现“十五连丰”，分析这一成就的背后成因对促进油料持续增产意义重大。通过公式分解，定量测算单产、种植面积和种植结构调整3个因素在“十五连丰”期间对油料增产的贡献，聚焦大豆、油菜、花生3大油料，构建柯布-道格拉斯生产函数（C-D生产函数）模型，分析生产资料投入、政策、气候和农户行为对油料单产的影响。结果表明：大豆对油料增产的贡献率最高，花生和油菜籽次之，其他油料作物的贡献率最低；单产提升对中国油料增产的贡献最大，种植面积扩大和种植结构调整的贡献相对较小，且随着时间的推移，单产提升在3大油料增产中的作用愈发重要；种子费、化肥费、劳动投入、政策环境、温度对油料单产具有显著影响，其中，种子费、化肥费、劳动力投入是推动油料单产提升的重要因素。最后，基于研究结果提出推动未来油料增产的针对性政策建议。

随着人口增长和耕地资源的紧张，传统高投入、高产出的农业模式已难以持续，提高土壤肥力、充分利用作物间作时空配置、增强农田生态系统稳定性等方面的生态效益，以及促进农业可持续发展方面的经济社会效益已成为农业可持续发展亟待解决的问题。综述了大豆‖玉米带状复合种植国内外研究现状，论述了其在改善土壤质量及生态环境等方面的影响，明确了优化光合空间资源利用、提高作物产量等方面的优势。大豆‖玉米带状复合种植作为一种资源节约型和环境友好型技术模式，土地资源高效利用、生态稳定性增强和作物产量提升效果显著，破解了传统种植模式单一、土壤养分失衡和农田空间资源利用不充分，以及经济收益多元稳定的科技难题，为推动大豆‖玉米带状复合种植技术广泛应用，以及实现农业高质量、可持续发展目标提供重要理论支撑。

氮素对植物生长发育及提高产量和品质至关重要，但过度施用氮肥会造成资源浪费和环境污染，因此，深入理解植物氮素利用的遗传分子机制对改良作物氮素利用效率具有重要意义。系统总结了近几年植物氮素感知与转运途径、氮素同化途径及植物响应氮素信号的转录调控途径等方面的研究进展，以及作物氮高效相关基因的遗传定位和氮素调控途径研究结果在作物育种中的应用现状，这些研究将为培育高产、高效、绿色作物新品种奠定基础，促进作物生产可持续发展。同时探讨了未来在如何建立氮高效评价体系、完善氮素利用分子调控网络、协同调控植物氮高效、产量和品质等重要性状、挖掘作物种质资源中优异氮素利用关键基因资源，以及建立作物氮素高效分子育种技术体系研究方面亟待解决的问题。

广域长距离高性能传输技术在中国“东数西算”工程构建全国一体化算力网背景下具备重要的战略价值。3个趋势对广域分布式算力协同范式提出新需求：对算力资源要求极高的人工智能（AI）大模型智能应用的兴起；高端高性能图形处理单元（GPU）芯片被禁运限制单中心算力资源；中国各地建设的算力集群形成算力分散分布态势。广域长距离高性能传输技术是上述新范式的关键技术。从支撑广域分布式算力协同新范式、技术路线、承载网络、研究难点、成本5个方面进行讨论，结合深圳到宁夏中卫2100 km实网实验结果，将现有远程直接内存访问（remote direct memory access，RDMA）技术基于广域全光网进行长距离优化的方案是短期内可行性高、成本低且利于开展研究的最佳方案之一，通过优化基于融合以太网的远程直接内存访问（RDMA over Converged Ethernet，RoCE）可以在广域全光网上实现“广域光数直达”逼近物理层通信性能指标。

超高清视频是中国视听产业重要发展方向之一，国家相关部门也出台了一系列政策，鼓励和支持超高清视频产业的发展。超高清视频的采集、传输、制作、播出过程，尤其是融合了ChatGPT、Sora等先进人工智能内容生成技术后，呈现出典型的大带宽、高算力、低时延特征，令算力和网络基础设施面临严峻考验。基于超高清视频典型需求和计算、网络技术最新发展趋势，提出了面向超高清视频的算力网络架构，综合运用异构算力资源组网与安全传输技术、超高清视频业务需求建模与资源编排技术、“数算模”联合调度与路由规划技术、超高清视频高速传输技术等算力网络关键技术，实现全国范围内异构算力的汇聚、组网，满足超高清视频采、编、播等各环节业务处理对多样化算力和网络传输的需求。

作为算网融合体系内的安全防护机制，算网安全的本质是一种新技术和新工程。算网安全涉及零信任、安全访问服务边缘、算网区块链等多种技术实现方式，能够以安全体系的方式为算网融合提供了设施、平台、应用、数据等多维一体的安全保障。梳理了算网安全的总体发展态势：基础设施面临严峻挑战，算网安全成为国家竞争新主题；ICT积极响应发展机遇，算网安全打造创新发展新蓝海；数字化因素推动算网安全演进发展。重点提炼了算网安全的技术参考架构，具体涵盖设施安全、平台安全、应用安全和数据安全4个方面。总结了算力网络安全、云网络安全、行业融合安全3种典型应用实践。结合当前算网安全领域面临的严峻挑战提出持续推进标准体系建设、加快应用实践规划落地、协同构建产业生态闭环等发展建议。

算力路由在传统IP网络的基础上协同感知算力信息，提供高效灵活的网络能力，使能算力和网络的高效协同，随着技术的发展逐步走向行业实践。阐述并分析了算力路由的技术研究进展及关键使能技术，如独立语义算力服务标识、层次化算力路由，并依此提出了算力路由的技术拓展方向，如算网混合式业务功能链，以及部署算力路由的业务应用优势，建议借助标准化工作成果来推动算力路由技术在产品和业务应用上的进一步落地。

随着ChatGPT引领的大模型与AI产业的爆发式发展，大规模分布式计算成为大模型训练常用模式，对应智算算力需求激增。旨在形成智算中心高性能网络技术体系，推动智算中心高性能网络技术持续发展。针对智算中心高性能网络内关键技术进行技术研究，首先，针对大规模智算业务承载场景，分析了智算中心提供高性能网络在传输协议层面、组网层面、管控运维层面的核心需求。随后依据所述需求，详细研究了智算中心高性能网络不同网络层的演进需求及智算中心高性能网络组网、面向智算中心网络的新型负载均衡协议与拥塞控制协议、新型网络管控及运维等领域的关键技术，对不同场景需求提供技术指导。其次，从网络协议发展与全光网络2个层面展开，分析了智算中心网络的未来导向与发展趋势。若要建立完善智算中心高性能网络技术体系，智算网络自身需提供足够的网络性能，如提供近似无丢包的网络环境、足够的互联能力并解决分布式存储场景下的存储性能瓶颈等；同时智算中心高性能网络的发展需要规范组网方案、高性能的新型负载均衡与拥塞控制协议、新型智慧化管控运维技术等方面关键技术的融合协同，提高运营效率；智算中心高性能网络需提供全局范围内设备与资源感知、分配、调度、运维的网络，并提供高性能无损传输能力。

为提高交通运输与能源融合的效率和效益，探索其发展路径，归纳了各种运输方式与各种能源形式的运输和使用特点，提出了交通运输与能源融合发展的关键领域和基本架构，总结了中国交通运输与能源融合发展的主要特征，分析了交通运输与能源融合效率提升的关键短板和问题；对照加快建设交通强国和能源强国的总体要求，提出了以交通与能源投入的经济社会效益、综合服务水平、资源利用效率等维度综合效益最大化为目标，以空间布局统筹、共建共享统筹、模式和技术创新统筹为重点的融合思路，并提出了“规划−运行−开放−机制”协同发展建议。

共享化、智能化等交通新业态将深刻影响未来城市出行模式，是城市客运减排的重要方向。采用T3E−SAM模型，设置了“双碳”目标情景和技术变革情景，预测了未来城市客运的需求，量化了共享化、电动化、智能化交通的减排效果。结果显示，中国城市客运量将持续增加，2024—2040年年均增长率可达2.7%，到2040年后增长率会呈现下降趋势，2041—2060年年均下降率为0.4%。在“双碳”目标情景下，城市客运碳排放将在2027年达峰，2060年私家车将是唯一的碳排放源。在技术变革情景下，城市客运碳排放有望在2025年达峰，并于2057年达到零碳排放。共享化、电动化、智能化技术的普及应用将促进城市交通零排放目标的实现，并减少私家车数量，显著提高城市交通运行效率。基于模型的结果，提出一系列政策协同发展建议：“技术赋能，加快智能化车辆应用；理念赋能，推动“使用而非拥有”等共享理念的普及；管理赋能，支撑共享化、智能化出行落地”。

为推动气象灾害风险普查成果在专业气象服务业务中的应用，着力开展数字化智慧化公路交通气象服务、优化气象服务供给，针对公路交通气象灾害风险服务业务需求，融合气象灾害风险普查成果、公路交通行业影响信息和道路基础地理信息等多源数据，采用多源数据接入与可视化、三维地理信息系统（3 dimension geographic information system，3D−GIS）技术等，研发了基于数字地球的“公路交通气象灾害风险普查业务服务平台”，具备公路交通气象灾害实时、预报预警、风险评估等一体化综合研判分析功能，实现了公路交通气象服务信息的数字化、图层化，并融入交通运输管理部门开展基于应用场景的智慧化交通气象保障服务。该平台不仅实现了气象灾害风险普查成果和公路交通行业数据的融合应用，进一步提升了中国气象灾害风险预警服务能力，更有效提高了公路交通气象服务的“数字化+智能化”能力和水平，在交通气象服务业务使用过程中，突显出较好的业务应用能力与发展前景。

介绍了锂离子电池基本构造、工作原理及回收现状。详细阐述了当前研究中正极材料的主流回收方法，综述了废锂离子电池回收技术的研究进展，其中包括回收工艺发展、回收产品、对环境负担的影响，以及电池退役后的选择，如二次利用、直接再生修复电极材料、湿法或火法冶金回收材料等。从电池材料回收率，循环利用再生体系，电解液、隔膜和负极材料等综合回收方面对现有废旧锂离子电池回收处理与再利用技术提出了改进意见。

随着风、光伏发电在中国的快速发展，其调峰、消纳和储能问题日益尖锐。调峰离不开煤电，而煤电的低碳化改造主要依靠生物质能；提出了当前物理和电化学储能方式远不能满足风、光伏发电大容量、长时段储能的需要，而生物质是天然的物质化储能物。依靠电能，可以通过气化与合成转化出可长时段储存和方便长距离运输的各种气、液态生物质能；又能在需要为风、光伏发电调峰和调频时，随时驱动蒸气轮机发电。是就地、就近消纳风、光伏发电和长时储能的理想途径。此外，生物质气化技术的突破，又为发展类似现代煤化工和石油化工，但碳排放为零的“生物质化工”提供前提，能生产出多种化石基化学品的替代物。可再生能源和合成材料是生物质新的重要利用方向，准确定位的生物质应用将在中国的能源转型中起到越来越重要的作用。

近年来，随着能源自主和低碳转型成为全球关注的核心议题，欧盟国家，尤其是德国，提出了在交通领域发展电子燃料（E-Fuels）的战略构想。综述了E-Fuels的概念、物理特性及生产流程，详细分析了其生命周期的碳排放及生产成本。研究表明，E-Fuels在欧盟能源转型中具有提升能源自主性、支持现有汽车产业、保持经济稳定以及参与碳市场交易的重要作用。然而，E-Fuels也面临高昂的生产成本和较低的能源转换效率等挑战。通过总结欧盟当前E-Fuels产业的发展现状，分析了非政府企业联盟为推动该产业所采取的积极举措，同时介绍欧盟官方对E-Fuels的中立立场。进一步探讨了E-Fuels与混合动力汽车协同发展的潜在路径。最后，展望了中国在E-Fuels领域的未来发展机遇，提出了以创新为驱动、因地制宜发展、兼容多种技术路线的建议，以期为中国能源转型提供参考和借鉴。

重点分析了固态储氢、有机液态储氢、甲醇储氢和氨储氢等多种新型储运氢技术特点、发展现状、经济成本及关键技术瓶颈，探讨了其未来发展方向，并横向对比了不同氢储运技术的经济性水平与应用前景。当前，固态储氢技术已在部分领域实现示范应用，但其大规模产业化仍面临高成本和高能耗等挑战。有机液态储氢技术虽然操作便捷，但受限于脱氢温度高、释氢速率低及对贵金属催化剂的依赖。绿色甲醇和绿氨储氢技术在能耗、安全性和经济性方面仍存在一定制约。不同储运技术各具优势与局限，需要综合考虑氢储运量、运输距离、安全性、碳排放及具体应用场景，以确定最优的技术路径和应用方案。

清洁能源转型是一项应对全球气候变化，牵动全球供应链的工程，而关键矿产则是实现净零碳排放目标和发展清洁能源技术不可缺少的物质基础。在沙特试图摆脱对石油经济依赖的前提下，如何保障能源转型过程中所亟需的关键矿产供给、快速发展清洁能源产业是沙特调整经济结构多元化、实现“2030愿景”的重点。当前，中国“一带一路”倡议与沙特“2030愿景”目标高度契合，双方在清洁能源领域合作可以充分实现资源禀赋互补、技术经验共享、产业市场互通。因此，应在社会、供应链等多维度下梳理和分析中沙两国在清洁能源领域的合作基础与发展潜力，在双方的利益视角下提出合作建议，推动沙特能源转型、促进沙特“2030愿景”实现的同时，进一步释放双方资源共享、技术创新、市场开拓等潜力，推进中国与沙特周边地区建立合作伙伴关系，构建“一带一路”中国国际合作发展新格局。

在碳中和的大环境下，氢能源拥有巨大市场潜力，能否实现液化天然气一样的海上运输规模，成为制约其广泛应用的关键因素，液氢运输船的研制显得尤为迫切。通过检索全球液氢运输船领域的专利文献，采用定量与定性相结合的方法分析专利发展路径，全面展现液氢运输船领域的技术创新态势；聚焦船舶总体设计、液氢储罐设计、液货处理系统研发、液氢动力系统研究等关键技术，从专利布局的角度研究技术发展路径，在技术创新、专利布局、专利风险3个方面提出发展建议，应重点围绕液氢运输船布置、液氢储罐设计、液氢蒸发气体处理等问题开展技术创新。同时，加快在液氢运输船的船型结构、储罐型式（多种类型）、机舱布置方案及再液化系统（含制冷剂的选择）等关键技术方向的专利布局，并在技术方案成熟应用之前，完成所有具有潜在应用可能性的技术方案的专利保护。

当中国进入新的发展阶段，有必要更加重视科学文化建设。论述了科学文化建设的3个问题：（1）全面理解科学的社会功能。科学具有繁荣科学、促进发展、培育人才和塑造文明的功能。（2）勇于承担科学家的社会责任。科学家须具备高度的伦理意识和人文修养，自觉担负特殊的社会责任，履行负责任的科研行为。（3）大力弘扬科学精神。科学精神的核心是追求真理，其精髓是崇尚理性，提倡质疑、批判、出新，追求实证和普遍确定性原则。

In recent years, the microfluidics technology based on the surface acoustic waves (SAW) has attracted a wide attention due to its many advantages such as simple and efficient generation and control of the SAW, multiple interacting forms between the SAW and the fluids, simple manufacturing process, and easy to integrate and detect. At present, as far as the biochemical analysis and the medical detection are concerned, the research of the SAW based microfluidic technology is mainly focused on the cells/particles sorting, the separation, mixing and concentration, the acoustic heating, the acoustic atomization, and the biological sensing. Some prototypes have almost reached the maturity stage, to be developed into portable devices with a huge prospective market. In this paper, the research of the microfluidic technology based on the SAW for the cells/particles sorting, separation, mixing and concentration, the acoustic heating, the acoustic atomization, the biological sensing reported in the last twenty years is reviewed, as well as the related research trend from a single effect study of acoustoforce, acoustothermal and acoustoelectric to the study of multiple physical effects, from two dimensional and micro manipulation to three dimensional and nano manipulation, and from planar device to flexible device.

Based on the optofluidic technology, many kinds of high performance optofluidic sensors can be fabricated by different designs. The optofluidics sensors can be divided into four categories according to their structures. The first two categories are the optofluidic sensors based on the photonic crystal cavity and the whispering gallery mode. When the fluids flow through the cavities of the sensors, the couplemode will change because of the changed refractive index by the fluids, and the responding light signals will change as well. The third category optofluidic sensors are based on the optical waveguide. The fluids will interact with the evanescent field produced by the total reflection of the light in the optical waveguide, leading to the change of the responding light signals. The fourth category optofluidic sensors are based on the surface plasmon resonance. The sensors are very sensitive to the refractive index of the metal surface, and the refractive index changed by the fluids will shift the resonance peak. The optofluidic sensors are very sensitive to the changing of the refractive index, with high sensitivity and accuracy, meanwhile, the optofluidic system enjoys the advantages of low-cost, miniaturization and simple structure. As the detectors are approaching the microcosmic scale, the optofluidic sensors will play an important role in the detection and biochemical analysis area.

With the microfluidics, the precise control of micro-liquids and the miniaturized integration of multiple functionalities can be achieved, with incomparable advantages in the cell manipulation in terms of precision, efficiency and cost. Therefore, the microfluidics has become an interdisciplinary research hot spot in recent years. From the perspective of the cell manipulation methods and the corresponding applications, this paper reviews the latest progress in the field of the microfluidic cell manipulation, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various cell manipulation methods, and then analyzes the trend of the microfluidics based cell manipulation.

In recent years, the application of the microfluidics in the single cell analysis has attracted more and more attention. The singlecell trapping is the basic and key component for the analysis at the single-cell level. The microfluidic chips usually have single-cell matched microstructures and could achieve the control of extremely small liquid volumes at the nanoliter and picoliter scale. Thus, the microfluidic chips are particularly suitable for the specific or high-throughput single-cell trapping. Moreover, the components for the posttrapping analysis of single cells could be integrated on the chip to build a high-efficiency and low-cost microfluidic single-cell analysis platform. This paper reviews and compares several microfluidic single-cell trapping methods, including hydrodynamic, optical, electrical, magnetic, and acoustic techniques. Future research in the single-cell trapping and analysis on the microfluidic chips is also discussed.

Energetic materials are flammable and explosive hazard chemical materials which might explode with an slight excitation, such as the mechanical force, the heat and the static electricity. The conventional processes of synthesis, separation, purification, refining and coating for energetic materials use the internal stirred vessel technology, with a low safety and with large scale explosives kept in line. The microchannel reactor is an essential security technology, because of high ratio of surface/volume and small microchannel, in which the size of the microchannel can be designed in smaller size than the detonation critical diameter of explosives, with a small amount of explosives in line. The continuous phase micro-flow technology is widely used in synthesis and analysis of chemical materials, but the microchannel is easily blocked by solid products. The micro-segmented flow treatment is easier than that of the continuous phase flow. The innovated microsegmented flow technology is specifically suitable for the synthesis of high sensitivity hazard compounds, because of its capabilities in block-free and high efficiency mixing.

The science and technology think tank is a major part of the new think tank system in China. This paper reviews the connotation, the characteristics and the functions of the science and technology think tank. With the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the China Association for Science and Technology as the representatives, we analyze the situation of the science and technology think tank and its important role in the Innovation Driven Development Strategy, the third party assessment for the State Council and the scientific and technological support for the high quality development in economy and society. We analyze the main features and challenges in the background of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in a New Era, and put forward the missions and tasks of the science and technology think tank. Finally, the construction of the science and technology think tank in China is discussed. We propose six countermeasures and suggestions, including the top-level design enhancement, the institutional barrier elimination, the research mode innovation, the research ability improvement, the evaluation system establishment and the global governance.

This paper reviews the subjects, the theories, the methods and the practice of science and technology think tanks in the world. It is shown that the economy, the management, the politics, the law, the security, the society, the energy and the environment are in the center of the methods. The transportation, the architecture, the astronomy, the geology, the biology, the medicine, the materials science, the chemistry, the mathematics, the physics, the information and the communication all have their special parts. The theory of the science and technology think tanks is gradually developed into the DⅡS (Data, Information, Intelligence and Solution) from science and technology planning, evaluation and roadmap. The methods are proposed for data, information, intelligence and solution, and each method has different attributes. Based on the visual platform, the tracking platform and the retrieval platform, with the application of science and technology in the public service and consultation, the methods of science and technology think tanks will be further developed, expanded and improved.

Chinese think tanks are thriving and facing a rat race. The think tank influence concerns the core competitiveness and the outcome of the think tank work, and is a cornerstone of the sustainable development of the think tanks. Based on the information-solution chain, combined with the knowledge utilization theory, the elite theory and the communication theory, this paper presents a five-stage mechanism of the generation and propagation of the think tank influence. Starting from the constitutive elements of the influence, the literature/network investigations and case studies, this paper reviews the think tank development and makes relevant suggestions. Think tanks are supposed to enhance their influence, to improve their strength and ability, to listen to the public demand and to provide their products and services systematically.

The era of big data brings both opportunities and challenges to the scientific information analysis (SIA) and the intelligent information services. It is an urgent task developing a new SIA framework to reform the data governance and the workflow, and to improve the quality of the information services. This paper describes the traditional SIA mode currently applied. It also reviews the progresses in the fields of the massive heterogeneous data integration, the data management and the analytics methods, and their applications. An integrationbased conceptual framework for the SIA is proposed through an examination of the limitations of the traditional mode. The new framework is characterized by the development of an Intelligent Decision-making Support System based on the Big Data that can store, organize, process, and visualize heterogeneous data. Next, the functions and the characteristics of the proposed framework are explained. The paper concludes with a discussion of the future research.

In recent years, China's economy sees a key transition period of "high-quality" development. Under the background of national needs, practical problems and globalization, the think tank construction for environment and development in China comes to a period full of opportunities, and also faces enormous challenges. Based on the analysis of the characteristics and the key elements of the think tanks, this paper reviews the current state and the problems of the think tank construction in the environmental field in China, and elaborates the key issues and the construction goals. Finally, as a practical case, the development of Western China Think Tank on Resources, Environment and Development is introduced.

Recently, resilient cities have gradually replaced the traditional concept of sustainable development cities and become the objects of a new research field in urban planning, geography and emergency management. At present, no consensus is reached for a systematic, comprehensive and operable research framework for resilient cities in China, with Chinese characteristics. This paper focuses on the framework of the evaluation model for resilient cities, the connotation of the resilience evaluation, the evolution mechanism of resilient cities in different stages of external disturbance and the significance of key nodes in the evolution process of resilient cities. This study provides a reference for establishing quantitative evaluation indicators for the long-term adaptability and the intelligent urban planning and management.

The sharing economy is a new economic phenomenon. A shared product, the sharing bicycles, greatly facilitates the travel of urban people and solves the travel problem of the last mile, but on the other hand, it also brings about problems such as the overcapacity of bicycles and the poor management. In this paper, we study the carbon emissions and the usage of the whole life cycle for shared bicycles, to come to the concept of the shortest use time for a bicycle to offset its energy consumption. Beijing has nearly 3.5 million shared bicycles. In the current situation where each bicycle is used for 2.1 km/d, each bicycle should be used for at least 625 days to achieve a true zero carbon row and green travel. At present, Beijing will bear huge environmental risks caused by the excessive delivery of shared bicycles. Based on the environmental perspective, the carbon emission accounting of the whole life cycle becomes an important means to establish a reasonable control value of the shared product quantity. This study will provide a basis and a method for managing the sharing of economic products.

Antibiotics are widely used in medical, agricultural and animal husbandry fields, however, they can induce drug-resistant bacteria and resistance genes, posing a great threat to human health and ecological environment. Based on a comprehensive analysis of antibiotics and their resistance genes in the aqueous environment, this paper reviews the current state of knowledge on antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes, including their sources and migration paths, the occurrence and concentration levels in aquatic environment, and their possible ecotoxicity. Besides, the control measures of antibiotics pollution in the water environment are discussed and current research topics on antibiotics are proposed as well.

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has been plagued by atmospheric pollution for many years. Adjustment of industrial structure can harmonize the relationship between economic development and environmental protection. Studying the effect of industrial restructuring on air pollution has become an urgent task in reduction of regional air pollutant emissions. At present, the research on the impact of industrial structure adjustment on air pollution mainly adopts three methods:EKC curve verification, time series analysis, and spatial econometric method. This research selects time series data of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei's industrial structure and certain air-pollutant emissions during 1999 to 2015 to establish the vector autoregressive (VAR) models for the secondary industry proportion, sulfur dioxide and industrial smoke (dust) emissions, then completes the impulse responses function (IRF) analysis. The findings are that the impact of industrial structure adjustment on different pollutants in different regions are various in terms of direction, degree and duration. In terms of the direction, industrial restructuring cannot reduce emissions of all pollutants in all provinces. In terms of the degree, SO₂ emissions are greatly affected and industrial dust emissions are less affected; emissions in Beijing and Hebei are greatly affected, while the impact in Tianjin is small. In terms of the duration, SO₂ can be affected for a long time, but the impact on industrial dust can't last long. In Beijing and Tianjin, the positive impact can last for at least 4 years, while Hebei has only a period not longer than 2~3 years. Therefore, to ensure a high efficiency of industrial restructuring policies, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei should take a three-year reference cycle to adjust the policies. Besides, different control methods should be adopted for different pollutants. And air pollutant emission reduction work should match the local reality.

In recent years the concentration of ambient air particulate matter (PM) has remained high in China; however the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified that the outdoor air pollution and the particulate matter in outdoor air pollution are carcinogenic to humans. This article summarizes the current situation of PM pollution in China and reviews the research progress on the mechanism of PM carcinogenesis and the evidences given by China's toxicologic studies and epidemiological studies on PM carcinogenicity in the past decades. The article suggests that China should urgently conduct researches to confirm the relationship between PM and cancers and that a series of actions should be taken to alleviate China's air pollution.

In order to promote people's awareness of atmospheric ozone changes and take protective measures, the paper reviews the latest progress of ozone research. The review includes three aspects:natural distribution of ozone, impacts of human activities on ozone variation (ozone hole and ozone formation potentials) and effects of ozone pollution on human health (especially for human respiratory system and cardiovascular system). Three models are introduced in terms of ozone creation potentials, namely ozone creation efficiency, photochemical ozone creation potentials and ozone incremental reactivity. The object of the paper is to give some knowledge about the ozone pollutions, main sources and the change of regional ozone.