Free radical in coal is one of the primary factors to induce coal spontaneous combustion of, and the essence of effectively preventing spontaneous combustion of coal is to inhibit the promotion of oxidation reactions by reactive free radicals in coal. The reactions of reactive radicals in coal(oxygen-containing radicals and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals) in the process of coal spontaneous combustion were systematically summarized, and the inadequacies of the current research on coal spontaneous combustion mechanism were pointed out, such as the single type of coal molecular models which only considered the reaction process of oxygen-containing radicals in coal, but not consider the reactions in the presence of oxygen-containing radicals, defects and heteroatoms in coal at the same time. The research mostly focused on the pathways of CO₂, H₂O and CO generation, without a proper explanation of the toxic gases such as SO₂ and H₂S produced by coal spontaneous combustion.Secondly, from the perspective of reactive free radicals in coal, the application research of prepared antioxidants was analyzed in a targeted manner, which will be an effective path to prepare green and efficient flame retardants in the future. It was proposed that the molecular structure of the maceral of coal can be studied in terms of their different physicochemical properties, so it was crucial to identify the maceral in different coals, especially the types of their internal reactive radicals.

The complex hydride NaAlH₄ is a typical hydrogen-storage material with high hydrogen-storage density and low production cost. However, its practical application is limited due to the high dehydrogenation temperature, slow adsorption and release rate of hydrogen and poor reversibility. As a promising hydrogen-storage medium for automobiles, the improvement of its hydrogen-storage properties has attracted much attention for a long time. In this paper, the hydrogen storage properties of NaAlH₄ and its improvement methods are discussed. The principles of two basic improvement methods, namely adding catalyst and structure nanoscaling, are expounded. The important role of theoretical simulation in the study of hydrogen-storage properties of NaAlH₄ is also commented. The purpose of this paper is to provide some guidance for further research on hydrogenstorage properties of NaAlH₄ and to realize its extensive commercial application in the field of hydrogen-energy economy.

In response to the demand for smart ocean construction, a digital twin technology system and application directions for the ocean are proposed. Firstly, the current research and development status of smart ocean is systematically reviewed and analyzed. By studying the integration and application of new generation information technology and industrial technology, the concept and connotation of digital twin are elaborated, and the application scenarios of digital twin in marine scientific cognition,marine development and utilization, the full life cycle of marine equipment and the ocean governance decision-making are provided. Then, in response to the common needs of smart ocean construction and application, a six-dimensional ocean digital twin model architecture theory is proposed, which includes six basic elements: real ocean, digital ocean, interactive mapping,twin ocean data, twin ocean knowledge, and twin intelligent application. Finally, key technical issues and implementation paths for empowering the smart ocean with digital twins are proposed and explored. The aim is to provide some thinking and reference for the future development and deep application of smart oceans through the research of marine digital twin technology.

In this paper, the research status of aluminum alloy wheel production technology at home and abroad are summarized, and the research history and latest progress of cast spinning aluminum alloy wheel forming technology are described. The application of spinning technology in wheel forming is explored and clarified by analyzing the present situation of finite element numerical simulation. The current development trend and deficiency of the forming process are summarized and the further research direction of aluminum alloy wheel casting and spinning forming process is suggested.

Imine Covalent Organic Frameworks (Imine COFs) are a kind of porous organic crystal materials formed by the condensation of aromatic amines and aromatic aldehydes according to the Schiff-base reaction principle. Imine COFs have become the most widely studied COFs materials in recent years due to their advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, easy functionalization and strong designability. The latest research progress of Imine COFs materials in recent years is reviewed from the aspects of design, synthesis methods and applications. Based on the current status of this field, the existing difficulties in the progress of novel COFs material construction and industrial applications are outlined, and future research trends are proposed, including optimizing the synthesis methods, exploring the conditions for industrial applications, developing multifunctional composite nano-Imine-COFs, and emphasizing the fundamentals of the materials' physicochemical properties, in order to provide ideas for the in-depth research and practical application of Imine COFs materials.

At present, environmental pollution and energy shortage are becoming increasingly serious, and the automobile industry is also moving in the direction of energy conservation and environmental protection. In order to promote the research on the power performance and fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles, this paper briefly analyzes the working principle of the lithium-ion battery and the factors affecting the life of the lithium-ion battery, summarizes the research status of different methods for predicting the remaining life of the lithium-ion battery and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. According to the working mode of hybrid electric vehicles, the working mechanism of energy control management strategies are briefly explained, and the development status of energy control management strategies based on rules, optimization and artificial intelligence is described respectively. The influence of battery life control management strategy on vehicle economic performance is discussed. According to the relevant literature analysis, it is found that the battery life prediction method combining multiple methods is more superior, and the energy control management strategy considering battery life has a better effect on improving the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles. The problems of battery life prediction and energy control management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles are summarized and the future development direction is forecasted.

Iron tailings are one kind of the largest existing solid wastes in China, and their stockpile is still growing rapidly. On the one hand, the pile of iron tailings not only occupies a large amount of land resources, but also has different degrees of environmental pollution and safety hazards; on the other hand, iron tailings are also a kind of valuable resources, and their reasonable comprehensive utilization can realize the transformation of waste into treasure, and also can achieve the maximum benefit and avoid harm. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to carry out research on the resource utilization of iron tailings. Based on an in-depth analysis of the current situation of iron tailings utilization, this paper proposes feasible suggestions, such as strengthening the management of iron tailings resource utilization and providing technical guarantee for the development and utilization of iron tailings, strengthening the research on the high value-added resource utilization of iron tailings in mining enterprises and exploring new ways to increase the efficiency of iron tailings resources; attracting social capital to invest in the treatment and ecological restoration of iron tailings reservoirs, and so on.

Mine intelligent robot is an important support for realizing intelligent mine construction. The relevant policy, technology development and application of mine intelligent robot in China are summarized. The six characteristics of mine intelligent robot, such as intelligent perception, precise operation, real-time location, intelligent management and control, intelligent decision and fault diagnosis, and the connotation of mine intelligent robot are summarized. This paper analyzes the problems faced by intelligent robot in mines from the aspects of key core technology, data standards and personnel training, etc., and it is suggested that the support and cultivation of enterprises should be strengthened from the aspects of policy support, independent research and development of technology, personnel support and standard setting, so as to create a good ecological environment for intelligent robots, and to promote the high-quality development of mine intelligent robot. It also contributes to the personnel reduction, efficiency improvement, safety and green development of China's mining industry.

The rapid and accurate quantification of coal temperature in restricted spaces in complex coal mining areas has always been a worldwide problem. In view of the limitations of the existing coal fire detection technology, the current research status of coal fire detection technology is summarized, and it is pointed out that the current mainstream measurement methods of hidden high temperature points in loose coal bodies in mining areas can be divided into two categories: contact temperature measurement and non-contact temperature measurement; the current research status of acoustic temperature measurement technology is reviewed, the temperature-sensitive characteristics of acoustic waves and the propagation characteristics of acoustic waves are analyzed, the current research status of combustion sound is summarized, and combustion sound generation mechanism, combustion sound frequency under different conditions and the fire detection technology based on combustion sound identification are analyzed. The concept of a new coal temperature sensing technology is put forward by studying the propagation characteristics of applied sound waves with different frequencies in heating loose coal, grasping the influence of different experimental conditions on the propagation law of "dual source" composite sound waves of external acoustic wave and combustion sound.

The rapid development of high-speed aircraft, microelectronic devices and other fields puts forward higher requirements for the thermal conductivity of thermal management materials. Graphene with excellent thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity is an ideal new generation of thermal management materials. The research status and development prospect of graphene as a high thermal conductivity material are introduced. Firstly, the preparation methods of graphene materials are summarized, including mechanical peeling, epitaxial growth, chemical vapor deposition and redox. Thermal conductivity mechanisms of different types of graphene materials are discussed. Graphene materials carry out heat conduction through phonons and electrons with phonon heat conduction being the mainstay. The thermal resistance network model and thermal conduction permeability model are discussed. The research progress and application of monolayer or less-layer graphene, graphene film, carbon nanotube/graphene composite film and phase-change polymer/graphene composite materials in the field of thermal management are summarized.

Electro-mechanical braking technology has gradually found wide applications in aviation, automobile and other industrial fields due to its remarkable technical advantages, it also has a good development prospect and market space in the field of rail vehicles. This paper summarizes the research progress of electro-mechanical braking technology for rail vehicles. Firstly, the braking principle of electro-mechanical braking technology is introduced and the key technologies to be overcome for the application of electro-mechanical braking technology to rail vehicles are analyzed. Then, the research status of the electromechanical braking technology of rail vehicles at home and abroad is summarized. Finally, the challenges faced by the mass commercial application of electro-mechanical braking in rail vehicle industry are analyzed, so as to provide reference for the follow-up research and product development of electro-mechanical braking for rail vehicles.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an effective extracorporeal life support measure that played a crucial role in the treatment of critically patients with COVID-19. However, its core component, oxygenation membrane for ECMO, has been monopolized by foreign countries for a long time. This study used the Incopat and retrieved form it the patents in the field of oxygenated membranes for ECMO worldwide, which were then analyzied as the original data to disclose the trend and trajectory of technology development, the layout of global market and technology from the perspective of patents. The result shows that COVID-19 has stimulated the development of technology. China becomes the world's third largest source and distribution of patent applications in the field as well as an important target market, but its high-value patents account for a small proportion. Except for a few patents related to membrane preparation and its device, membrane modification, and membrane module, most of the Chinese patents involve the optimal design of oxygenator and related auxiliary technologies, and most of them are utility model patents. The preparation method and optimization process of hollow fiber membrane for ECMO, new polymer materials, membrane modification and composite membrane research are the current hot research topics. Recently Chinese patents reported the preparation technology of PMP hollow fiber membranes for ECMO and related devices, which are expected to achieve a breakthrough in the preparation technology of high-performance PMP hollow fiber membranes. Innovations can be made for the existing defects of polymer material synthesis technology and membrane preparation technology. Meanwhile, it is necessary to increase the research of biocompatibility modification technology and find new materials with better performance to achieve technological breakthrough. Promoting the localization of oxygenation membranes for ECMO will help the localization of ECMO systems.

Natural gas hydrate is a kind of solid crystalline substance formed by water and methane under high pressure and low temperature, which is considered as the clean energy with the most potential to replace fossil energy by all countries in the world. The status of gas hydrate pilot production in the United States, Japan, India, South Korea and China was summarized. It was pointed out that there were some technical problems for the drilling and completion of natural gas hydrate in the sea area, such as narrow drilling fluid density window, difficult bottom hole pressure control, difficult directional well deflection, poor wellbore and wellhead stability, difficult reservoir reconstruction, and difficult sand control. The research and development status of solid fluidization drilling technology, horizontal well drilling technology, dual gradient drilling technology, pressure controlled casing drilling technology, hydraulic jet micro hole drilling technology, drilling fluid technology, and completion sand control technology were reviewed, and it was proposed that the scientific research efforts such as sand production mechanism, sand production prediction, well completion, drilling and completion equipment and instrument development must be strengthened to provide technical support for large-scale exploitation of natural gas hydrate in sea area.

In view of the problems of poor development effect, unclear understanding of multi-cluster fracturing equilibrium expansion control and temporary plugging mechanism, and low-cost and high-efficiency fracturing technology system that has not yet been formed in the economic development of normal hydrostatic pressure shale gas，and based on reservoir characteristics and technology development status, low-cost and high-efficiency fracturing technology countermeasures for normal hydrostatic pressure gas are carried out. The results present that low cost, dense clusters, multi-stage temporary plugging, high-strength continuous pumping sand and increasing ESRV are the directions for continuous optimization of high-efficiency fracturing technology for normal hydrostatic pressure shale gas. Optimizing fracturing cost composition and applying new technologies are effective ways to reduce costs and enhancing production. The cluster spacing has a great influence on the fracturing effect, and the recommended range is 5-10 m. Plugging in the middle and early stage and increasing the plugging times can improve the temporary plugging effect. The higher the stress difference, the more times the temporary plugging is required to increase SRV. To improve the plugging effect, the beneficial time for plugging agent injection is in the middle of the construction for reservoirs with natural fractures density more than 0.5 fracture/m, while the beneficial time is in the early stage of construction for reservoirs with natural fractures density less than 0.5 fracture/m. Temporary plugging agent with particle size smaller than 40/70 mesh, fracturing fluid with viscosity greater than 12mPa·s, and pumping rate greater than 12m^³/min with volume fraction less than 0.1 can enhance plugging fracturing effect. The quartz sand combination of 140/200 mesh (10%) + 70/140 mesh (30%) + 40/70 mesh (60%) and the ratio of sand and liquid greater than 7% are recommended to reduce the cost and to increase the production.

Children's health is a key concern in China at present. The incidence rate of precocious puberty in China is 2%, which is an important disease threatening children's physical and mental health. Idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) is the most common type. This article reviews the current clinical research status, latest achievements, and cutting-edge trends of ICPP. The latest“Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Central Sexual Precocity (2022)”up-dates the age limit of central sexual precocity from 8 to 7.5 years old. Gene diagnosis is a new method to assist in the diagnosis of ICPP, and the“2022 Consensus”suggests that children with the family history of precocious puberty should undergo gene testing. GnRH agonists (GnRHa) are the gold standard treatment regimen for ICPP, which are beneficial for inhibiting bone age development, increasing the final adult height of children, reducing body mass index, and improving brain function. The traditional Chinese medicine treatment of ICPP is currently a research hotspot, including traditional Chinese medicine internal treatment, as well as external treatment methods such as ear acupoint pressing and massage, it has a significant therapeutic effect on ICPP, with its efficacy superior to GnRHa, and its safety may be better. Traditional Chinese medicine or a combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine is expected to become a cutting-edge treatment option for ICPP.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that is prone to occur in the middle-aged and elderly groups. It can erode articular cartilage and its affiliated organization, and seriously affect the life of patients. Hydrogels have good biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties. Functional hydrogels can make up for the shortcomings of short drug action time and the difficulties to cure OA in common therapy approaches. In this article, we review the recent advances of hydrogel as a carrier to treat osteoarthritis from the aspects of drug treatment of osteoarthritis, cartilage defect repair, and synovial fluid repair. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanism of drug release hydrogel, the mechanism of cartilage repair of cartilage defect repair hydrogel and the joint lubrication mechanism of joint lubrication hydrogel were discussed. On these bases, we also summarize the existing problems and propose further development direction of hydrogel in the treatment of OA.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a type I allergic reaction mediated by specific immunoglobulin E after exposure to allergens in atopic individuals. The main symptoms of AR are nasal congestion, nasal itching, sneezing and rhinorrhea, which are worse at night or early in the morning. The circadian clock is an endogenous timing system in the organism that produces an approximate 24-hour circadian rhythm. The temporal characteristics of the changes in the symptoms of AR coincide with the circadian clock, indicating a close relationship with the biological clock. Taking the biological clock into account during the treatment can be effective in improving symptoms and the quality of life. Intrinsic biological clock molecules in mast cell (MC) regulate its activation through both IgE-dependent and non-IgE-dependent pathways, leading to exacerbation of AR at night or in the early morning. Based on the understanding of the circadian clock, three treatment strategies have been proposed. Chronotherapy reduces side effects and increases efficacy by optimizing the dosing time. Combining chronotherapy with immunotherapy is expected to shorten the duration of treatment. Targeting specific biological clock molecules is expected to be a new option. Disruption of clock genes not only affects changes in the timing of the circadian clock, but can also enhances the severity of allergic reactions and even increases susceptibility to allergic diseases, therefore, lifestyle interventions to maintain intrinsic biological clock homeostasis are critical.

As the sea-level rise is expected to reach 80 to 200cm in the next 100 years and inundate hundreds of coastal cities, the number of people forced to relocate globally is likely to reach hundreds of millions. Managing the retreat is increasingly becoming the first option to effectively eliminate the risk. Frequent and serious coastal disasters pose a challenge to the traditional defense idea of "man conquers nature". This paper mainly adopts the literature method to study the management retreat mechanism of coastal disaster risk areas in the US. It expounds the importance of management retreat by reviewing cases and regulations, summarizes five types of tools for implementing management retreat, namely planning, acquisition, supervision, transfer of development rights and laws, and discusses the adaptation of residents in receiving areas and ecological restoration in evacuated areas after evacuation. It is hoped that these strategies can provide reference for the withdrawal mechanism of construction land in our coastal disaster risk areas.

The application of artificial intelligence(AI) in the military field has recently further improved the overall response ability and execution efficiency of information-based joint operations. Electronic countermeasures combat operations take place in an invisible space, it is more urgent for troops to get AI technology support in a fast-changing electromagnetic situation. By sorting out the main application modes of AI technology in military field, this paper systematically studies the application path of AI in electronic countermeasures from a perspective of operational integrity and puts forward specific thoughts and suggestions for combat command，warfare method application，equipment research and development, and intelligent cooperation, so as to accurately serve the electromagnetic field struggle and improve intelligent combat ability.

Breakthroughs of next-generation space nuclear power and propulsion technology will completely change the style of future space exploration missions. At present, the United States and Russia have accelerated their research and development processes of space nuclear power systems to keep their leading positions. This article outlines the classification and application scenarios of space nuclear power systems, summarizes the technology development processes and strategies of the US and Russia. Furthermore, the development trend of space nuclear power is analyzed. The results indicate that compared to the Cold War era, future space exploration missions have put forward new requirements for the power, flexibility, reliability, and safety of the nuclear power systems. The US and Russia attach great importance to the development of space nuclear power technology but there are differences in development strategies and technological routes. The US is conducting comprehensive research and development on radioisotope thermo-electric generator, space reactors, nuclear thermal propulsion systems, and nuclear electric propulsion systems, all driven by next-generation space capability development and deep space exploration projects. Russia, on the other hand, focuses on developing nuclear power propulsion spacecraft projects, taking its own advantages in nuclear power propulsion technology, with the intention of maintaining its competitiveness in the space field with limited resource investment.

At a time of turmoil in the world situation, implementation of scientific system intervention policy is of great significance for effectively dealing with risk challenges. The practice cases of international mission-oriented innovation policy（MOIP）are investigated and compared in terms of of key mission, policy subjects, policy objectives, policy tools and facing up to challenges. It is shown that MOIP has the characteristics of long policy implementation cycle, mission-oriented response to challenges, authority and diversity of policy subjects, multiplicity and specificity of policy objectives, and diversity of policy tools. Suggestions are put forward for China to lay out MOIP, such as strengthening top-level design, scientifically designing strategic direction, strengthening overall coordination, and optimizing and improving policy toolbox.

This paper summarizes five characteristics of China's standardization "going out" in terms of innovation ability demand, domestic and foreign policies, development stage transformation, existing problems and breakthrough points. Around the government, scientific research institutions and enterprises respectively from the "strategy and policy formulation, theory and decision support, standard development and participation" and other aspects of China's standard "going out" optimization path.

Based on the theoretical and practical background of regional innovation ecosystem, this paper reviews the literature on the concept, research paradigm, evaluation and governance of regional innovation ecosystem. In summary, the research of regional innovation ecosystem in China has gotten some achievements and has achieved many breakthroughs in serving regional economic and social development. In the future, breakthroughs can be made in the following aspects: Firstly, the context of the era background should be expanded. Secondly, the research area and evaluation indicators need to be further enriched and adjusted; Thirdly, the elements of research content should be enriched.

Advances in deep learning technology and the development of the digital economy have promoted the development of artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) technologies such as virtual humans. Cross-domain face synthesis is one of the key technologies in virtual human production, and it has a wide range of applications in social media, film and television production and other fields. This paper summarizes the origin of cross-domain face synthesis technology, and its typical task types and difficulties, technological development and challenges, potential applications, and issues, and discusses its future development trend and challenges from the aspects of self-supervised and weakly supervised cross-domain synthesis, utilization of pre-trained large models, and privacy protection.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a promising and innovative therapy for AD treatment. This article reviews the mechanisms of action of PBM for AD treatment and related animal experiments and clinical studies, then analyzes the feasibility, effectiveness, research priorities and challenges of PBM for AD treatment, and finally summarizes the future research trends of PBM for AD treatment, so as to provide a reference for follow-up research.

HDPE pressure pipeline has been widely used for its excellent properties in gas, water supply and other fields. However, lack of knowledge and research on damage behavior of HDPE pressure pipeline has resulted in the shortage of safety requirements for equipment engineering. This paper summarizes the research progress of the two main damage modes of HDPE, i.e., aging damage mode and stress damage mode, and expounds the damage mechanisms, evolution processes and influencing factors. It also reviews the existing research problems and looks ahead the future research direction in special equipment engineering.

Software-defined networking(SDN) is a new network architecture that simplifies the development of new applications and services through a centralized software-oriented management approach and has become a research hotspot for the next-generation Internet. To address the security issues in SDN, this paper reviews the existing solutions in terms of the 3-layer architecture of SDN and analyzes the technical challenges faced by SDN security. In particular, it firstly introduces the definition of SDN and the 3-layer architecture then reviews the research advances on security related to SDN. Next, it summarises the security issues and solutions to the application layer, control layer and data layer, respectively. Finally, it provides an outlook on the challenges that SDN security future research may encounter.

This paper presents a review of the characteristics, types, manufacturing processes and performance control of shape memory alloys (SMAs). The current application in non-energy containing unlocking separation device is also reviewed. Basic working principles of SMA and current series of commonly used alloys are summarized. The main preparation processes of SMA are analyzed, especially the current application situation of spray casting, powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing in preparation of SMA materials. The current research status of SMA performance control based on typical processes such as alloying component design, heat treatment and plastic processing is introduced. Moreover, the current application status of SMA in non-energy containing unlocking separation device is discussed. Finally, key issues that need to be urgently addressed in institutional research and SMA material are prospected from a perspective of application and promotion.

Small neutrino detectors have a wide range of application prospects in reactor monitoring, submarine detection and geophysics research. This paper summarizes the types of neutrinos and detection principles, followed by the development status of detection technologies at home and abroad, including experiments based on inverse beta decay and coherent scattering experiments of neutrinos. Finally, the development of small neutrino detectors is reviewed and differences between different countries and the future development of small neutrino detectors in China are also summarized.

Immune checkpoint antibody drugs have opened up a new era in the field of tumor treatment since the 20th century. In 2021, the global market share of antitumor monoclonal antibody drugs has reached 62 billion US dollars. In recent years, domestic enterprises have also accelerated their development in this field. However, a big gap still exists between these enterprises and international pharmaceutical giants. In this context, it is of vital significance to fully grasp the international research and development trends and the panorama of the R&D pipeline. The research topics of core articles in this research field in the past 10 years were analyzed, and the development trend of the field was revealed through the evolution of the research topics. Seven active research directions were identified. In-depth analysis of specific research directions was carried out through further data mining from professional databases and institutional websites. Comprehensive analysis indicated that three directions including the efficacy and safety surveillance of marketed antibody drugs and drug combination, new antibody drugs such as bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates, and new targets represented by 4-1BB have been the research hotspots and focuses in recent years. Adverse event monitoring of marketed drugs should be strengthened, and efforts should be stepped up to support the research and development of new antibody drugs.

Along with "promoting the construction of hydrogenation facilities" written into the government work report, release of development of hydrogen energy for the 2021-2035 period and approval of 5 fuel cell vehicle demonstration city clusters, hydrogen energy and fuel cell industries in China are developing rapidly. In 2022, China completed 109 new hydrogen refueling stations, and has built 358 hydrogen refueling stations till the end of 2019, all ranking first in the world. The overall construction of hydrogenation facilities in China is characterized by "more, faster, synergy and innovative”. However, there still are many problems in the high-pressure and large-displacement HRS equipment technologies, hydrogen pricing mechanisms and quality testing etc. It is suggested that the government should promote enterprises to enhance collaborative innovation and break through the bottleneck of core equipment, improve the hydrogen pricing mechanism and regularly test the quality of hydrogen, and promote the high-quality development of hydrogenation facilities.

Based on the relevant research literature of disc brake at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the commonly used disc brake models and brake noise research methods, and introduces the application range, advantages and disadvantages of the models and research methods. The control measures of brake friction noise are analyzed from the aspects of optimizing brake structure, changing brake parameters and active control. Finally, the future research direction of disc brake is prospected.

Ultrasonic borehole imaging while drilling is a cutting-edge technology in the field of measurement and control for drilling. It can generate high-resolution borehole images in real time under the working conditions of drilling. The borehole images can accurately reflect borehole shape, identify fractures, pores, bedding and other characteristics, and play an important role in monitoring borehole engineering condition and quality. To summarize ultrasonic borehole imaging while drilling, based on a large number of literature research, this paper expounds the imaging principle and system components, summarizes the development process and current situation, analyzes and studies the characteristics of the latest oversea research and development of ultrasonic borehole imaging while drilling tools, and summarizes the development trend, in order to provide reference for the development of ultrasonic borehole imaging in China.

Under the double influence of the digital technology wave and the territorial space planning reform, comprehensive transportation planning is facing the challenge of transformation and upgradation of thought and technology. To fully integrate the whole process of comprehensive transportation planning into national space planning, this paper reviews the challenges and requirements of the digital transformation of comprehensive transportation planning under the national space planning system, and proposes a digital technical framework for comprehensive transportation planning. The paper thinks and explores how to make a digital transformation of comprehensive transportation planning from the aspects of accelerating the transformation of digital thinking of comprehensive transport planning, exploring the formation of transformation development mode, building the spatio-temporal data resource center, forming the electronic "one map" of comprehensive transport planning, and improving integrated co-construction and sharing mechanism, so as to provide strong support for the high-quality development of comprehensive transport.

AlphaGo family algorithms are important milestones in the history of artificial intelligence. These algorithms not only solve the typical complete information game problem such as Go but also are applicable to a wider range of problems. According to their development, this paper summarizes the fundamental principle and technical characteristics for the series of algorithms from AlphaGo Fan to MuZero, elaborating how the AlphaGo family algorithms work. The key technologies employed, including the Monte Carlo tree search, modeling and training of deep neural networks, are surveyed and compared. The AlphaGo family algorithms are of significant instructive value for addressing various problems in practice, from algorithm design, neural network modeling to model utilization. This paper helps to quickly understand the principle of these algorithms and is expected to provide useful reference for the further research and development of algorithms.

For more than 30 years, the U.S. High Performance Computing Plan has successively experienced the evolution of the High Performance Computing and Communications Program, the Network and Information Technology R&D Program, and the National Strategic Computing Initiative. The article analyzes its evolution logic, interrelationship, and management mechanism, and summarizes the characteristics of the plan: The cross-department collaboration and extensive government-industryuniversity-research cooperation. In view of the problems existing in the construction of China's computing power, the U. S. experience can provide several enlightments: Formulating a strategic plan to strengthen the R&D of computing power technology; enhancing the unified leadership, organization and management of the central government; ensuring the balanced development of different parts of computing power; and establishing extensive partnerships to promote the computing ecosystem.

To clarify the status of deep exploration technology, find solutions to related problems, and explore the future direction of development, this paper reviews at first the deep coal and coalbed methane exploration status at home and abroad and points out that deep mining has become an inevitable trend. Secondly, from the perspective of deep coal-bed methane, the paper argues that the deep special geological conditions will affect the accumulation mechanism and occurrence state of deep coalbed methane, it is thus necessary to establish an exploration idea suitable for deep coal-bed methane and improve the theoretical basis of deep coalbed methane geology. Then frontier technologies and re-lated technical problems such as deep multi-gas comining, carbon dioxide gas displacement of coalbed methane and synchronous storage, deep coalbed methane intelligent drainage are elaborated. Finally, from the perspective of deep coal exploration and development, the current advanced technologies such as deep coal fluidized mining, coal under-ground gasification coupled carbon dioxide capture and storage, deep coal and geothermal resources collaborative mining are discussed. As deep mining is developing towards automation and AI,, continuous progress of basic geo-logical theory and exploration and development technology will make deep coal and coalbed methane become the main battlefield of future exploration and development.

This article offers a brief introduction of mixed ion-electron conducting (MIEC) perovskite oxides for applications as the cathode material of solid oxide fuel cells, including basic working principle, material synthesis and processing approaches, and electrical and electrochemical characterisation techniques. An overview of the relevant research in 2022 is also presented, mainly focusing on (1) MIEC perovskite oxide surface engineering; (2) new MIEC perovskite oxides with improved stability and high catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction; (3) synthesis and fabrication technique developments.

The cable-driven parallel mechanism is a type of parallel robot that uses flexible cables instead of rigid links as the driving element. It has the advantages of fast movement speed, large carrying capacity, small chain inertia, large workspace and good environmental adaptability. It provides new ideas and means for solving engineering problems. Therefore, it has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of international parallel mechanisms in recent years. This article introduces the characteristics of the cable-driven parallel mechanism, and summarizes the technical research status and engineering application progress of the cable-driven parallel mechanism from the fields of material handling, astronomical observation, wind tunnel test, high-speed camera, motion simulation, limb rehabilitation, surgery, three-dimensional printing, etc. Then the development trends of cable-driven parallel mechanism are discussed.

Scientific ultra deep well is an important part of energy development strategy and the "transparent earth" project in China. As a key part of scientific ultra deep well, the drill string provides a guarantee for the safe and successful implementation of deep exploration engineering with its optimized configuration. Aiming at scientific selection of drill string for the demand of myriametre drilling depth, and considering the overall strength, sealing performance and continuous stability of drill string in use, this paper discusses seven key technologies based on analysis of technical challenges faced by the drill string in ultra deep well, such as pipe technology of high strength-to-weight ratio, composite drill string technology, joint optimization technology, drill pipe manufacturing technology, coating protection technology, dynamic analysis and intelligent drill string，and proposes the optimized configuration solution of drill string for myriametre scientific drilling. At the same time, the development trend of drill string is analyzed. It defines the research direction of the drill string for myriametre scientific well.