The United State's National Quantum Initiative has been implemented for 2 years. This paper reviews the relevant laws, the management mechanisms, the key policy areas, the funding and implementation progress of the National Quantum Initiative, and analyzes the implementation characteristics of the National Quantum Initiative from the aspects of the strategic deployment, the coordinated promotion, the multi-disciplinary platform construction, the Quantum-Smart Workforce and the international cooperation. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to strengthen and optimize China's quantum science and technology strategic plan, promote overall planning and coordination, and establish a quantum technology innovation ecosystem.

China's financially dominated ecological compensation system is now facing great challenges due to the fund limitation. It is important, with the market-based instruments, to reconstruct China's ecological protection and compensation system for the continued advancement of the ecological conservation and the construction of the eco-civilization. This paper aims to clarify the boundaries and the associations of the ecological protection, the ecological restoration, and the ecological compensation. Based on the principle of "spoilers to make compensation, protectors to get benefits and beneficiaries to pay the cost", this paper proposes a basic ecological compensation system that compensates the ecological land occupied and damaged by the economic construction and rewards various actions of the ecological conservation with the goal of a net gain for the biodiversity. Optimizing the right-based compensation mechanism and improving the revenue-based compensation mechanism are the fundamental routines to establish a sustainable market-oriented, diversified ecological compensation system.

Based on the materials of relevant strategies and research plans, this article analyzes the Arctic research related layouts of the United States, Russia, Canada and the five nordic countries. The characteristics of the Arctic strategies of these countries are summarized as follows:the United States, with its strong observation and research capabilities, plays an important role in the future research and development of the Arctic; Russia actively conducts research and deployment around territories and resources; Canada focuses on management and utilization of polar resources; the five nordic countries seek to stabilize and expand their Arctic interests. Finally, through comprehensive research and analysis, we put forward some suggestions for future Arctic research and cooperation.

The 21st century is the century of the ocean, and the prosperity and the decline of a country are very much related to the ocean. With a review of the marine science and technology policy of the United States since the Cold War, it is found that this policy has the characteristics of systematic coordination, wide coverage and prominent emphasis. In contrast, the development of China's marine science and technology policy and the marine development are not in very good shape, with a decentralized management system, the insufficient innovation and achievement and transformation capacity, with only a single channel of the fund input, the inadequate marine talent training, and the imperfect priority research plan. In order to realize the dream of becoming a powerful ocean country, we should strengthen the ability of the overall planning and the coordination in the policy formulation of the marine science and technology; improve the ability of the independent innovation and the conversion rate of the scientific and technological achievements; pay attention to the establishment of the multi-channel financing mechanism, the lifelong marine education and the high-end talent training; improve the priority research plans and strengthen the marine ecological and environmental protection.

The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought great damage to people's lives and health, national economic growth, and harmony and stability of society. Prevention and control tasks of COVID-19 are urgent yet inseparable from technological support. Based on the integrated mobilization and scientific and technological innovation theory, an mobilization of science and technology mode for reallocating the scientific and technological resources and unifying the strength is proposed, which is of the "top governance", "platform connecting" and "carrier implementation" development mode. In order to concentrate military and scientific advantages, this mode takes information technology as support, the business combination as entry point, and the business bus as basis, targets at establishing and improving a cross-organizational work mode. Through this mode, rapid breakthroughs can be made in virus transmission restriction, rapid disease detection, drugs vaccine development, etc. and a strong guarantee for the extraordinary supply of emergency resources supported by science and technology can be provided.

An R&D consortium is a strategic tool to improve a country's global competitiveness. We explore the policy design of the American Advanced Manufacturing Technology Consortia (AMTech) Program from a perspective of network organization mechanism. Taking two consortia of the Program as examples, this paper aims to analyze the R&D and governance networks of the consortia by highlighting the special role of network forms of organization in enhancing national innovation capacity. The American experiences in the development of R&D consortia are summarized with policy recommendations on accelerating the development of R&D consortia in China.

As the socialist construction with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, China's science and technology diplomacy, based on a new historical orientation and guided by the important thought of building a community with a shared future for mankind, is accelerating the optimization and the adjustment of its strategies. This paper analyzes the unprecedented opportunities and challenges faced by China's science and technology diplomacy under the situation of momentous changes unseen in a century, explores the guiding significance of the important thought of building a community with a shared future for mankind for science and technology diplomacy, reviews the practical exploration of the important thought of building a community with a shared future for mankind in China's science and technology community, and puts forward some suggestions of speeding up the adjustment of the strategies for China's science and technology diplomacy.

In recent years, the global biopharmaceutical industry is developing rapidly. With a statistical analysis of the patents, this paper analyzes the current situation and the trend of the biopharma development, the focuses and the hotspots of the technological development, to provide a reference for the industrial decision-making and policy-making. The analysis shows that the global biopharma development is quite mature, and the development of anti-cancer drugs is still a hot spot in recent years. The United States is the innovation representative and the patent applications in China increase in recent years, though the quality remains to be improved. Companies are still the main force in the drug research and development, and the scientific research institutions are constantly providing new impetus to the biopharma industry. The CRISPR-Cas system, the PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and the CAR T -cell therapy are leading technologies in this field.

Based on the double layer embeddedness theory and the knowledge spillovers theory, the E-TOMSDECT analysis model is proposed in this paper. With this model, the risks of China's open source software ecosystem are analyzed systematically. Based on a generalization analysis of international experiences of building open source software ecosystem, some recommendations are proposed. It is shown that our problems include the lack of the key core technology and the ecosystem operation pattern, insufficiencyt motivation, security risks and weak leadership in the international open source software ecosystem, the coordination of the software and the hardware, the inadequate software value evaluation system, the lack of professional talents for ecosystem operation, and underutilization of international experiencere. The urgent tasks in China include building a three-in-one leading core on emerging fields, strengthening the coordination of the software and the hardware, building the security risk assessment and emergency response mechanism, and strengthening the talent training.

The disruptive technology is an important force to achieve the breakthrough development of national scientific and technological innovation capabilities. Countries such as the United States and Japan have already planned for the development of the disruptive technology, and China is still in the initial exploration stage. By reviewing the experience of the disruptive technology financing in the major western developed countries, combined with the actual state of China's science and technology management, this paper finds that the bureaucracy in the scientific and technological plan management system, the traditional evaluation criteria and methods, and the attitude of "seeking quick success and instant benefits" of scientific research project management hinder the development of the disruptive technology in China. Based on the above review, this paper puts forward some suggestions, including the establishment of the special funded offices, the innovative science and technology project formation mechanisms and the funding methods, and the improvement of scientific and technological project management mechanisms, for science and technology managers at all levels.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects are currently concentrated in the fields of infrastructure, agrochemicals, investment and development, and recreation and sports. This paper systematically analyzes the risks of geopolitics, legal system, customs and religious beliefs of countries along the BRI regions in macro and meso levels, as well as the risks of China's investment and financing systems, standards and rules docking, and international investment experience. On this basis, combined with Hong Kong's unique advantages, it is proposed that Hong Kong can play the roles of a financing center, an international arbitration platform, a consulting service platform, an international exchange platform, and a rule docking platform in the risk management of the BRI projects.

Deficiency of micronutrients has been one of the key impact factors for human health in China. To resolve the problem of hidden hunger of the people, increasing concentrations of micronutrients in agricultural products based on biofortificating technologies is an innovative strategy in modern agriculture. In this study, the background, objectives and problems in functional agriculture are analyzed. The three principles, i. e., key micronutrients, carrying products, systems of technological innovation are presented, and the action plan to strengthen supply of micronutrients in functional agriculture is also suggested. Furthermore, biofortification of micronutrients by agricultural products is more suitable to actual situations in China. These suggestions can promote transformation and upgrading, quality, efficiency, and the supply-side structural reform, and are new drivers for modern agriculture to grow in the future.

In order to maintain superiority in the electromagnetic spectrum domain, the US military is vigorously developing its electromagnetic spectrum operational capability. The research and development focuses of key technologies are introduced in this article, with an emphasis on frequency spectrum agility technology, energy clustering technology and adaptive technology. The equipment construction direction is analyzed, targeting at miniature, networked, underwater-launched and cognitively controlled devices. Different features of operational methods are illustrated in terms of applications in different phases of future real combat, including intelligence reconnaissance, force maneuver and air attack included.

After South Korea took the lead in the 5G commercialization, in order to promote its international competitiveness in the field of information and communication technology, Korea proposed the Innovative Growth:South Korea's Strategy of 5G+ to realize the optimization and the upgrading of South Korea's industry. South Korea's Strategy of 5G+ enlightens us to promote the rationality of China's future plans for 5G and related industries. This paper reviews five strategic directions, 21 implementation paths and 39 important projects of South Korea's Strategy of 5G+, focusing on the strategic transformation, the major policies and the specific implementation plans. The Innovative Growth:South Korea's Strategy of 5G+ is different from the previous south Korean single technical support and business support, with its new industrial environment construction, the development direction of the industrial innovation, giving much food of thought for the innovation and the development in our country. In view of Korean development practice, our country should start with three levels of work:the industrial chain transformation, the industrial chain innovation convergence, and the scientific element configuration to the technological links in the future commercial and industrial optimization process of 5G to perfect 5G and 5G industry developing environment and promote the core competitiveness of national science and technology.

The construction of a public psychological service system is an important part of the social governance. This paper focuses on the use of cyber messages and information technology to intervene and guide the emotions in the individual, organization/group and society (i.e., micro, medium, macro) levels, in the construction of the public psychological service system such as the intervention of individual mood disorders, and guiding group and social emotions. Suggestions are made on how to play the guiding role of the mainstream media, regulate the professional ethics and professional quality of social media practitioners, and standardize the ethical supervision of big data analysis.

The registration inspection is a compulsory inspection procedure for Class II and Class III medical device products before registration and marketing. The development of China's medical device inspection service market is relatively backward, and the development of third-party inspection agencies is slow. At present, the registration and the inspection of medical devices are mainly completed by official medical device inspection institutions, with the responsibilities of the government and the enterprises being mingled, and the industry inspection demand is difficult to meet. For clarifying the relationship between the regulatory authorities and the industry enterprises, it is suggested that the current medical device registration and inspection system should be reformed by using the self inspection, the entrusted inspection and the role transformation of inspection institutions.

In view of the fourth industrial Revolution marked by the Internet of Things, the blockchain, the artificial intelligence, the 5G and the cloud computing, as the fundamental cornerstone of the high-quality economic and social development and the national security, it is necessary for the energy development and utilization to be closely integrated with a new round of scientific and technological achievements, with advantageous energy disciplines as the link to enable the efficient green development and the clean and efficient utilization of energy. This paper analyzes the energy production and consumption structure, the development status of the energy discipline, and the challenges faced by the discipline development, and puts forward the idea of creating a first-class energy discipline in combination with the future energy development. Following the principle of the "innovation-driven development", this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the construction of energy discipline from the aspects of giving full play to the guiding role of the government, the construction of discipline connotation, and the role of resource allocation in the interconnected market.

中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平在科学家座谈会上讲话指出：“当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，我国发展面临的国内外环境发生深刻复杂变化，我国‘十四五’时期以及更长时期的发展对加快科技创新提出了更为迫切的要求。

全面建成小康社会是要建成政治、经济、文化、社会、生态文明全面发展的小康社会，是真正惠及十几亿人口的小康社会，其中医疗卫生领域的发展是不可或缺的一环——全面建成小康社会强调人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。骨科疾病是现代社会的常见病和多发病。随着社会的不断发展，在人口老龄化、交通高速化等多种因素的影响下，许多骨科疾病成为影响人民生活质量的重要因素。而骨科手术存在创伤大、出血多、并发症常见等问题，严重影响手术的治疗效果，其根本原因是无法精准稳定地进行手术操作；突破“手”和“眼”的局限性是骨科医生亟待解决的问题。智能骨科手术体系的建立成功地解决了这一难题，帮助改善了人民的生活质量，在中国全面建成小康社会的道路上贡献了一份力量。

新中国成立70年来，尤其是改革开放40多年来，中国农业发展取得巨大成就，农业教育和人才培养发挥了重要作用。在国家全面启动乡村振兴战略的新形势下，农业高校要紧密围绕粮食安全、绿色发展、脱贫攻坚重大国家需求，积极推进学科布局优化调整，构建与需求相适应的人才培养体系，加快推进产学融合、多学科交叉复合型人才培养，以满足农业绿色发展对“知农爱农”新型人才的迫切需求。然而，近年来随着中国农业院校研究生培养规模的不断扩大，有些单位在研究生培养过程中存在重视科学研究或教学人才的培养，轻视应用型人才培养的现象，致使相当数量研究生对“三农（农业、农民和农村）”认识程度低、服务意识不高、知识面窄、解决实际生产问题的能力欠缺，难以快速胜任基层、应用领域工作岗位需求。为了解决科研与生产实践脱节、人才培养与社会需求错位、农技人员远离农民和农村等制约科技创新、成果转化和“三农”发展等问题，中国农业大学资源与环境学院从2009年开始，在河北省曲周县、吉林省梨树县、北京市郊区等地相继建立了集科学研究、社会服务、人才培养于一体的科技小院“政产学研用”综合平台（图1）。

交通运输具有很强的基础性和先导性作用，是贫困地区破解经济社会发展瓶颈的关键。交通运输部始终以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，坚持精准扶贫、精准脱贫，以“三区三州”等深度贫困地区为重点，强化组织保障，突出规划引领，从严督导考核，多措并举持续加大政策资金倾斜和工作力度，精准扎实开展交通扶贫脱贫攻坚各项工作。在各方的共同努力下，交通扶贫成效显著，“行路难”“运输难”民生问题得到有效解决，贫困地区基本建成了“外通内联、通村畅乡、客车到村、安全便捷”的交通运输网络，为决战决胜脱贫攻坚、全面建成小康社会提供了坚实保障。

The construction of a new systematic ePlatform for academicians can help the spreading of virtue of scientists. On the basis of investigating the existing ePlatforms for academicians around the world, this paper selects representative platforms to carry out comparative analysis, and puts forward some suggestions for the construction of ePlatform for academicians in order to promote the sharing of academician data among different institutions, and to accelerate the standardization of academician data and so on.

Since space science is an area that draws attention from scientists, engineers, the public and the media, various expressions emerged in different contexts may bring along unnecessary ambiguities. To make the basic concepts clear, the paper conducts a textual research on the concepts about space science based on a thorough probe of the origin and comparison of space science practices worldwide. For the origin of space science, geophysics and astronomy are the first natural science disciplines to conduct space-borne research, and although space science has not been established as an independent category in China, all its disciplines are at the frontlines of their own parental disciplines, growing strong and bringing even great funding back into their parents. Besides, the paper tries to discriminate the differences between space science and space technology & applications, space science vs. fundamental astronomy, heliospheric pause vs. the boundary of sun's gravity, space science vs. deep space, and science mission vs. operational satellites. As to the future of space science endeavor in China, it proposes that more attention should be paid to space science so as to advance science satellites program and make space science as an open research system and clusters of disciplines. It is expected that the present work is beneficial to related discipline research, project application and public outreach.

Space science payloads are instruments with definite performance, utilized to explore the unknown world. Due to lack of engineering experience the payload team, mainly composed of space scientists, is facing significantly increasing difficulty and complexity in solving key technologies of science payloads. China has thus established a management mode of payload principleinvestigator (PI) system for space science missions, with emphases on managerial requirements for key technology and payload calibration, fully carried out ground test verification, upgraded payload-management level, and payload development. All science payloads are required to be fully verified by pre-flight experiments. All the measures have significantly stimulated scientific innovation, reduced technical risks, promoted organic integration of science and technology, science and engineering, comprehensively given impetus to quality management, and promoted major achievements. Based on the successful practice of payload-management, this paper puts forward some relevant thoughts on the implementation of payload PI system and data PI system.

As the structure of global economy changes and China's economy enters a new normal, it is difficult for manufacturing companies to entirely rely on traditional production-oriented manufacturing mode to remain competitive. It is found in practice that extension of the service link from main industry to industrial chain can bring new competitive advantage to the manufacturing enterprise, therefore, service-oriented manufacturing comes into being. According to the evaluation theory of enterprise competitiveness, this paper takes 33 typical service manufacturing enterprises in A-share as samples for empirical analysis. The results show that the impact of service elements on enterprise competitiveness is very important in the current stage and that the key direction for future development of service-oriented manufacturing is to improve the comprehensive service capability of enterprise in terms of broadening types of service projects and cultivating systematic service capability. At the same time, improving and excavating the potential of traditional competitive element indicators is another way to enhance the competitiveness of service-oriented manufacturing enterprises.

This article describes the high-quality characteristics of Australian Murray cod (Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii) and summarizes the research progress and effectiveness of the project team in recent years. Through the joint research of scientific research units and enterprises, such as appling theories and technical methods including aquatic animal breeding and breeding science, systematic research on the technology of artificial breeding, breeding, breeding and disease prevention and control, carring out large-scale seedling breeding in factories, and formed a complete system of key technologies such as breeding methods, breeding equipment, feed preparation, disease prevention and breeding. Combining with regional reality, the ideas and countermeasures for developing the emerging aquaculture industry of Murray cod were put forward.

In recent years there have been a large number of troubles caused by infectious diseases and biological safety incidents, such as the SARS in 2003 and the MERS event. In addition the rapid development of synthetic biology technology in artificial life has probably accelerated the threat of infectious diseases. The situation of biological safety is becoming more serious and looking for effective control and prevention. In this article, taking the scientific and technological progress in recent years and the related works in our laboratory in gut flora and chronic disease control and prevention we propose some new ideas of prevention and control of infectious diseases by exploring symbiotic characteristics between human and microorganism. It may be an alternative choice for us to understand that the microorganisms should also have reasonable rights to live in the environment. The reasonable relationship between human beings and symbiotic microorganism should be a win-win mode through protecting and optimizing the symbiotic microorganism system to improve human immunity. Therefore, it is important to provide new ideas for prevention and control of infectious diseases and biological safety by living with microorganisms in peace.

Based on the analysis of research progress, policy practice, and platform construction on the development of global military and civilian science and technology collaborative innovation, the paper explores the established background, evolution, and major measures of the U.S. Defense Innovation Unit. Combined with the problems existing in the development of China's military and civilian science and technology collaborative innovation, the paper presents the implication from several aspects such as enterprise cooperation, development plan, secondary innovation, and focused fields.

地理学具有多维视角、综合理念、研究人地关系的特征，与自然科学、社会科学、技术科学等多学科交叉融合，其研究目标不仅在于解释过去，更重要的是服务现在、预测未来。在中国地理学会、中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所和中国科学院青藏高原研究所联合主办的“2019年中国地理学大会暨中国地理学会成立110周年纪念活动”上，来自国内外的学者热议“中国地理学理论与实践的前沿发展”，《科技导报》对与会专家的精彩观点进行整理。

A new round of science and technology revolution is poised to start, which will trigger profound changes in the global automotive industry. Intelligent connected vehicles(ICVs) have become an important breakthrough in the transformation and upgrading of the automotive industry, and have attracted much attention. This paper reviews the background conditions and strategic choices of the development of China Germany ICVs, analyzes the main characteristics of the development of China Germany ICVs, and proposes that China and Germany should continue to deepen cooperation in industry management, key technologies, standards and regulations, test demonstration and other aspects to jointly promote the development of ICVs.

The large scale scientific facilities are regarded as an important component of basic research. It is different from general scientific research installations and infrastructure facilities. The paper expounds the concept, the classification and the characteristics of large scale scientific facilities. The development state of large scale scientific facilities in China is reviewed. Based on the case analysis and the comparative analysis, this paper analyzes the construction, the management, the operation, the fund guarantee, the open sharing and the evaluation of large scale scientific facilities in Germany, France, America, and other countries. Finally, some suggestions are made to promote the development of large scale scientific facilities in China.

Since the return to China of Macao, the scientific and technological cooperation between Macao and the Mainland has gone through the stages of the spontaneous cooperation, policy, and the comprehensive cooperation, forming an increasingly close cooperative relationship, which has provided an important driving force for their respective prosperity and development. This paper reviews the characteristics of the two sides' scientific and technological cooperation and the challenges of in-depth cooperation in the 20th anniversary of the return of Macau. Some forward-looking suggestions are made on scientific and technological cooperation between the two places, such as integrating into the overall entity of the Guangdong-Hong KongMacao Greater Bay Area Science and Technology Innovation Center, optimizing the environment of scientific and technological innovation, facilitating the leverage of the advantages of the "China-Portugal Platform" to accelerate the international transfer of scientific and technological achievements, encouraging Macao youth to start business in the North to promote the development of the integration of science and technology between the two places for working together to build an innovative country.

The report "The National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan:2019 Update" reflects new strategic judgements of the government and the industry of the United States on the AI development. This programmatic document highlights the US will to promote the cutting-edge AI research in the future. This paper reviews the main changes and new emphases in this 2019 version, and analyzes several new concerns and vital strategic directions highlighted in the report. The implications for the AI development and the international cooperation in China are analyzed and some suggestions are made.

The core issue of present development of agriculture and rural life in China is how to increase peasants' income considerably. Low income comes from the absent benefits from the second and tertiary industries within agriculture. The guiding principle of integrating rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries has recently been drawn up, while the achievement so far keeps unsatisfying, because of identical rural industries which can hardly form ‘pillar’ industry and because of the lack of means to promote the integration. This paper proposes an agriculture model of ‘whole links of agro-industry chain’, based on analyzing relevant experiences of ancient Chinese agriculture and foreign modern agriculture The content of such a new area includes full utilization of organic residues and wastes, growing dedicated energy plants(bushes and grasses) on marginal land, converting these two kinds of biomass into energy commodities and bio-based materials through biorefinery in situ or in outside scaled plants, as well as selling them. Such an innovative concept model is defined as ‘Second Agriculture’ in this paper.

The mass media is the main front of the science popularization. In recent years, China's science popularization has shown a good trend of development. But at the same time, some problems still exist, such as the lack of professionalism in the science popularization, the difficulty in balancing the scientific correctness and the readability, and the insufficiency of dissemination of scientific methods and scientific spirit. The main reasons are as follows:the insufficient support to the science popularization of mass media from the whole society; the difficulty in transforming the discourse system of mass media and the scientific discourse system; the weak scientific foundation and social responsibility of some mass media practitioners. In order to improve the science popularization ability of mass media, it is suggested to increase the support for media science popularization through multiple channels, strengthen the cultivation and the training of media science personnel, and improve the quality of media science popularization through the whole process.

Through the observation and the reflection on the situation related to the prevention and the control of the new crown virus infection in Wuhan, this paper suggests that some important problems should be considered in the decision-making of the epidemic disease prevention and control, and the philosophy behind the prevention and the control of the infectious diseases in five aspects, including the infectivity, the epidemiology, the cost-effective, the compassion and the rule of law. It is proposed to establish two sets of standards for the early prevention and control and in the stage of the epidemic out of control, accordingly, in order to assist the scientific decision-making and the rational measures to effectively reduce the damage to life and property and economic and social losses caused by the epidemic situation.

In order to realize the integration, development and collaborative innovation of the two sets of science and technology systems corresponding to national defense construction and economic construction in China, it is urgent to make new breakthroughs and explorations in the aspects of system mechanism, resource allocation, scientific research organization mode and so on. This paper makes a systematic analysis of the characteristics of the new-type research and development institutions which have shown strong innovation competitiveness in recent years and their advantages in crossing the obstacles of innovation. According to the problems in the integration and innovation of the two scientific and technological systems and the existing practical exploration, this paper puts forward a collaborative innovation platform based on the nature of a new-type research and development institutions jointly built by the military and the local government, and builds an innovation ecology composed of enterprise groups, parks, investment and financing, and policy systems. Thus forms the "platform + environment" mode of integration and innovation of the two science and technology systems.

As compared with the developed industrial countries, China lacks the professional technology diffusion service institutions or mechanisms. This paper reviews the successful experiences of the American Manufacturing Extension Partnership, including:the coverage of all states, the associated expansion of service networks, the close compliance with demand, the dynamic adjustment of service contents, the policy system with the legislation as the core, the plan as the basis, the publicprivate cooperation, and the stage adjustment of financial support. It is suggested that the service mechanism of the technology diffusion for newly-built directions in China should be established, a multi-level and multi-factor technology diffusion service network should be constructed, a market-oriented long-term operation mechanism should be established, the evaluation work should be strengthened, and the internal reporting and evaluation mechanism should be improved.

Based on the data analysis of the activities of science and technology societies affiliated to the Chinese Association of Science and Technology in recent years, including organizing international academic conferences, publishing academic journals in foreign languages, setting up English websites, developing international cooperation, and taking part in the activities of international organizations, this paper analyzes the current situation of their internationalization, highlights the existing problems, and puts forward some suggestions.

Since the 1990s, the governance pattern of the US national laboratories experienced a new round of adjustment. This paper outlines the problems and the countermeasures identified in the reviews of the US national laboratory, highlighting the governance issues in the strategic planning, the contracts, the assessments, and the budgets. Furthermore, the reform measures are summarized as defining the roles and the responsibility, focusing on the core mission, restoring the federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) model and ensuring a lasting change. Last but not least, based on the operational practice of China's national laboratories, suggestions are made for the construction of China's national laboratory as authorizing national laboratories with an appropriate legal person status, strengthening the support for national laboratories, optimizing the governance structure, and enhancing the strategic planning of national laboratories.