Mechanical properties for nanomaterial are sensitive to the dimension, surface, and other physical properties of the nanomaterial, so they can be effectively tuned in varying degrees. As a result, nanomaterials have plenty of novel properties like super-hardness, ultra-light, extreme fracture strength, etc. These fantastic nanomechanics phenomena have attracted a worldwide research interest in the past few decades. The article concisely reviews some key progresses in the nanomechanics field in 2019.

Since the birth of laser, optics and photonics have penetrated into all aspects of people's life. This article describes the major progress in the field of optics and photonics in 2019, and draws up eight optical research directions in which the related researches may likely have enormous impact on human existence and way of life in the future.

A summary of the research focus of near space science and technology in 2019 is given. High-altitude scientific balloon for in situ scientific exploration in close space plays a leading role. Other near space vehicles have made varying degrees of progress in platform technology research and testing. Multi-type hypersonic vehicles have been used by troops, and the space tourism commercial company Virgin Galactic has come a step closer to commercial space tourism.

In 2019, 29 probes all of which are robotic missions explored the Moon, Mars, asteroids, and the Sun, monitoring space weather at Lagrange 1, conducting astronomy observation at Lagrange 2, etc. In the 50th anniversary of human's landing on Moon, US pushed forward the Artermis Program, and China CE-4 lander's in-situ detection and Yutu 2 rover's patrol yielded promising scientific output. Besides, New Horizons'encounter of Kuiper Belt small body "2014 MU69" unveiled the geology and composition of the contact binary. Japan's Hayabusa 2 finished the sampling of Ryugu twice and started to return to Earth. Apart from Parker solar probe, several space weather monitoring missions, such as SOHO and WIND, "forgotten" at L1 in extended missions, were in great status of operation. In 2020 the launch window for Mars mission will open, and several Mars missions by China, US, and Europe-Russia, respectively will be coming into the spotlight.

This article samples hot topics in clinical psychology in 2019, including extension of the concept of mental health literacy research and its related research, culmulated evidence (acculmulated evidence?) of the effect of mindfulness and its brain mechanisms, effects of exercise and healthy diet on mental health, environmental factor influence on mental health, artificial intelligence application in mental health, inclusion of game addiction into ICD 11, and mental health problems of graduate students. These hot spots reflect the shifting focus of clinical psychology onto macro factors, as well as the impact of scientific and technological progress on people and society. Meeting the needs of society and making full use of the development of science and technology will keep the vitality of clinical psychology and make it useful in maintaining and promoting people's well-being.

The research and development of new anti-tumor drugs is the key field of new drug research and development. In recent years, with the support of national policies and the sustainable development of economy and society, China's ability to independently develop new anti-tumor drugs has been continuously improved. In 2019, some new domestic anti-tumor drugs were used clinically, providing more treatment options for patients. In this paper, we review the research results of some new antitumor drugs launched in 2019 market.

As a typical dual-use material, advanced fiber reinforced composites have drawn attention around the world in recent years due to their wide range of application prospects. By reviewing the progress on new products, new processing and new markets of advanced fiber-reinforced composites in the world in 2019, hot research topics of advanced fiber composite materials in the United States, Japan, Europe and China are summarized and the development trends of advanced fiber composite materials in the future are prospected.

Eco-materials research has been one of the most important topics in materials science and engineering research since 1990s. Reducing environmental pollution, lowering environmental impact and improving resource/energy efficiency have always been the bounden duties for material scientists. A series of significant advances in eco-materials research were achieved in 2019. This paper presents a brief summary of the hot research topics and outstanding accomplishments of several representative research teams. Future developments are proposed in the end as well.

This review presents the researches of nonmetallic and metal doped or loaded carbon electrode materials in the fields of water decomposition, H2O2 synthesis, fuel cell, and metal-air cell, all of which were very hot topics in 2019. These researches mainly concentrate on preparation method, principle of designing and related catalytic reaction mechanisms of nonmetallic or metal doped/loaded carbon materials, such as single atomic metal (M)-N-C materials. High temperature pyrolysis of organic precursors with doping elements is becoming an important method for preparation of related materials.

This article introduces the preparation of silicon materials by molten salt electrolysis and its application in the energy fields. Molten salt electrolysis can achieve large-scale preparation of silicon nanomaterials from a feedstock of silicon oxide at fairly mild temperatures. The obtained silicon nanomaterials are controllable in purity and morphology and can be used in silicon-based photovoltaics and the negative electrode of a lithium-ion battery. Also presented is an overview of the relevant fundamental research progress in 2019.

In 2019, many exciting breakthroughs were achieved in the clean energy field. The progress made on small molecule catalytic transformation has contributed to the integrated development of clean energy and the continuous development of zeroemission energy system. Breakthroughs have been achieved in stability and efficiency of solar cells and fuel cell technologies. Besides, big data and machine learning have been introduced into the field of lithium batteries to promote further development of new energy vehicles. Lithium batteries and biomass energies are also reviewed in this paper.

Firstly we review the relevant hot topics of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in 2019 from the aspects of government policy environment, enterprise actions, vehicle demonstration, etc. Secondly, we elucidate the key technical points, important research results and engineering development progress of catalysts, membranes, membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), bipolar plates and stacks for hydrogen fuel cells. Finally, we put forward some suggestions for hydrogen fuel cell development in China.

In 2019, nearly all sub-disciplines of artificial intelligence gained a series of progress, and artificial intelligence is being used in an even broader horizon. This article selects 5G communication networks, blockchain technology, brain-computer interface technology, AI chips, AI education, face recognition, and military intelligence, so as to review the hot topics of artificial intelligence in 2019.

This paper summarizes the important research progress and hot events in hardware & software platforms, content and application service in the field of virtual reality in 2019, and looks into the development trend of virtual reality hardware miniaturization, mobility, wireless and long endurance. Moreover, the development direction of VR content scene enrichment, production scale, process standardization and branding are discussed, as well as the development trend of application service value, vertical deepening and individuation.

Under the promotion of science and technology innovation and relevant policies, the UAV industry will gain new vigor and vitality. In 2019, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) autonomous control and application technology has achieved great progress and presents some new trends in the meantime. This paper summarizes and analyzes the hot topics and the new development trends of UAV in 2019 from the viewpoints including UAV new strategies, UAV competition events, technological innovations and practical applications. As a subversive technology and combat operational concept, UAV swarm intelligence will become an important research direction for future UAV development.

In 2019, commercialization and standardization of medical robots were solidly received more focus. Several surgical robot products received approvals from FDA (USA), CE (Europe), NMPA (China), etc. Two international standards related to surgical robot and rehabilitation robot were published by ISO/TC299 respectively. Inspired by 5G communication, clinically remote robotic telesurgeries were conducted in several countries including China and Spain. Emerging technologies such as novel mechanical configuration, artificial intelligence, virtual reality and 5G communication, were being integrated into the development cycle of medical robot system, which was featured with the medical data driven intelligent human-robot interaction. Clinical requirement guided collaborative relationship between medicine and engineering were practiced in innovation of medical robot system.

In 2019 underground space engineering made a series of achievements in project construction and technological progress. The paper introduces the construction difficulties in large diameter shield tunneling engineering and describes the technical breakthrough in some key projects. The function of underground complex in planning and design are analyzed. Concerning frequent accidents during underground engineering construction, the paper also interprets the lack of engineering risk control. Finally, combined with intelligent underground engineering hotspot, the application of information technology is prospected in underground space engineering.

Research on eco-city maintained a high level of attention in 2019. This paper reviews the six aspects such as ecourban, region, urban area, community and residential area, building and building group, landscape and new technologies at home and abroad in 2019. Taking the perspective of natural ecology, combining different levels of urban and rural planning and its related disciplines, this paper also summarizes the experience gained form the achievements of eco-city construction, which may provide direction guidance and reference for eco-city research and construction in China.

In 2019, science and technology advances in water pollution control, surface water ecological environment, groundwater environmental protection and other fields were significant. Focusing on water resources, water ecology and water environment, this paper introduces the global scientific and technological research hotspots in the aspects of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater pollution control, surface water ecological flow and nitrogen emission limits, groundwater resource protection, and pollution prevention and control in 2019. The paper also looks back into China's water environment security of 2019.