地理学是研究地球表层人类生存环境的空间分异、时间演变及人-环境相互作用的科学。地理学的独特之处是“目中有人、目中有理、目中有天、目中有地”。中国自然地理要素不但类型丰富而且区域差异较大，季风湿润区、青藏高寒区以及内陆干旱区构成了中国自然地理环境的总体格局，也造就了温度与降水等气候因子的显著空间异质性。中国独特的自然地理和人文地理格局决定了中国地理科学研究机构的布局，根据区域的自然地理特色，在全国范围布局了地理学研究院所15家以上，开设地理学专业的高校院系有130余家，地理学从业者超过3万人。得益于这样庞大的研究队伍，70年以来，中国地理科学研究在多个研究方向获得了长足的发展，也取得了丰硕的成果。

联合国可持续发展目标（sustainable development goals，SDGs）指导全球发展工作，旨在从2015年到2030年以综合方式努力解决社会、经济和环境3个维度的发展问题，从而走上可持续发展道路。地理科学是自然科学与人文科学的交叉，具有综合性、交叉性和区域性的特点，是实现可持续发展的基础学科^[1]。可持续发展目标的提出，为当代地理科学的发展提供了重要发展机遇。

The human-natural coupling system focuses on the organic combination of natural and human processes, and the effective link of knowledge-science-decision. Through monitoring surveys, model simulations, scenario analysis, and optimization controls at different scales, the integrated study (multi-factor, multi-scale, multi-disciplinary, multi-model, and multi-source data) is carried out to explore the system's fragility, resilience, adaptability, and bearing boundaries. The study of the humannatural coupling system and the understanding of the complex interaction between humans and nature will provide a systematic and mechanism support for the sustainable development. On the basis of the concept reorganization of the human-natural coupling system research framework, and the bibliography analysis of the human-natural coupling system-the sustainable development, this paper discusses the key fields and directions of the human-natural coupling system in the future researches.

As an independent scientific system, the geoscience has experienced the transformation from the geography to the meaningful geoscience. The transformation of its research paradigm is reflected in three aspects: the integration of the whole scientific field and the intersection of the natural science, the social science, the humanity science, the management science, the technical science, the engineering science; the coupling integration and the system simulation of multi-source data of geoelements; the whole chain from the basic research to the applied research. The core of the basic research of the geoscience is the geosystem, which is composed of the geoelements, the geospace and the human-natural system with its unique system structure and functions, including the earth surface system, the land use system, the human activity system and the humannatural coupling systems. The core of the applied research of the geoscience is the geogovernance. Geogovernance is an important part of the national governance system and at present is mainly reflected in the land and space governance in the national governance system, including the general survey of the geoconditions and the geoevaluation, the geoplanning and the geodesign, the geosimulation, the geoengineering, the geomonitoring and the geowarning. The theory, the method and the technology systems should be innovated by Chinesescholars to make a greater contribution to the global sustainable development.

The land system science is indeed a fascinating field. However, it does face challenges, such as it is difficult to integrate due to its complexity. This paper reviews the researches of the land systems, in order to find an effective way to understand scientifically the land systems based on the ideas of the generative theory in the systems science. It is shown that the cognition and the understanding of the land systems from the perspective of the system generation theory can help more closely come to the essence that the land systems are complex open systems generated by the transformation, the utilization and the adaptation by human beings of the earth's land surface and certain spaces above and below it, including the geographical environment, the land use and the social economy, all of which are mutually interconnected. As open and complex systems, the land systems feature the multifunctionality, the energy conversion, the material production, the ecological maintenance, the resource supply, the social security, and the cultural nurture. With the system generation theory as the logical starting point, and based on the theory of the hypercycle, the regional differentiation and the geographical process, the study of the land systems should not only focus on the basic researches of the land system generation mechanism, the process, the adaptability, and the tele coupling, but also solve the problems of the two-way collaboration between the science and the policy practices.

The territory and spatial planning is an important component of the national spatial governance system, a spatial blueprint for the sustainable development, and a primary basis for the protection and utilization of territory resources. The theoretical framework and the technical system of the territory and spatial planning are proposed in this paper based on a review of the related available theoretical researches and technical explorations of the territory and spatial planning. The theoretical framework not only integrates "the theory of space" and "the theory of planning" according to the concepts of "people-orientated, ecological civilization, five-in-one, and sustainable development", but also integrates the "five principles" and "five systems" of the science of human settlements, and integrates the“five-level and three-class”system of the territory and spatial planning. While the technical system includes the“double evaluation”of territory spatial resources, the determination of“three-boundary and four-zone”, as well as the planning and management information system. All these might hopefully be used to support the ongoing exploration and application practice of the nationwide territory and spatial planning.

To evaluate the quantitative effect of the topographic conditions on the spatial distribution of land use, the Shanxi Province is taken as the research area， to study four topographic factors (the elevation, the relief, the slope and the aspect) obtained from the DEM dataset, representing the digital topographic characteristics, and the spatial distribution of the land use is interpreted based on the remote sensing images, finally to analyze the spatial stratified heterogeneity, the spatial correlation and the interaction effect of the four digital topographic factors on the spatial distribution of the land use. It is shown that: (1) the relief and slope factors have the most remarkable spatial stratified heterogeneity effect (p<0.01); (2) the relief factor has the strongest spatial correlation effect (q=0.012), followed by the slope (q=0.010); (3) any two kinds of digital terrain indicators have a significant interaction enhancement; the interaction between the altitude and the relief has the strongest effect with the highest statistic value q of 0.034. Hence, the relief factor is the most important single factor affecting the spatial distribution of the land use, which plays an important role in the spatial distribution of the land use by combining the elevation factor.

The only way to advance the agricultural modernization is to moderate the land scale management. The fundamental conditions of the land scale management are satisfied in the Hebei plain area. But there are some problems to be solved, such as the land fragmentation, the poor farmland infrastructure, especially, the irrigation facilities, and the limited capacity of the land transfer to further promote the scale operation. Therefore, it is desirable to analyze the land scale management states, the transformation characteristics and its drive force. It is shown that the land scale management goes from the land transfer concentration stage into the scale management and social service transition stage and the scale management form goes from the pure land transfer to the coexistence of the land transfer and the land trusteeship. The drive force is the development of the agricultural productive forces, the interests of the operating subjects and the service system of the agricultural production. Some suggestions for the present stage are made: The establishing of the land swap mechanism， the linkage of the land transfer and the land improvement, and the driving scale operation with the land trusteeship.

In mountainous areas, the regional difference of poverty is significant due to the interweaving of natural conditions and cultural factors. The determination of the poverty-affluence degree and the reasons can help to improve decision support for mountainous areas to get rid of poverty and become rich. This paper takes mountain counties in Hebei province as the basic unit. 33 indicators are selected from five dimensions. The natural environment (A), the land resources (B), the county economy (C), the people's quality of life (D) and the livelihood ability (E) to construct a index system. And multidimensional povertyaffluence status is obtained in research area. The poverty location entropy is introduced to analyze the influence of each dimension on the occurrence of poverty. In order to discover the spatial consistency and differences between poverty-affluence distribution and dominant dimension, the two results are compared in space. And sustainable livelihood strategies are discussed with the dominant factors of each dimension. The results are as follows. the incidence of multidimensional poverty is 89.52% and above moderate poverty is 62.50%. The poverty level is deep in research area. In spatial distribution, moderate and low poverty degrees were frequent, while severe, rich or relatively rich areas are scattered. In poverty driver, the incidence of poverty dominated by A and C dimensions is higher than that of other dimensions. Severe poverty is highly coupled with A dimension, and moderate poverty is consistent with A and C dimensions. Basing on the results, the livelihoods strategies are put forward, such as the ecological relocation, an increase of the profit of the natural resources and getting rid of poverty through land and agricultural industry.

The insect is the largest biota group in the world, but so far without its own geographical regionalization scheme. This paper quantitatively analyzes the distribution pattern of the world insects to work out a geographical regionalization scheme for worldwide insects. According to the topography, the climate and other ecological conditions, the continents of the world are divided into 67 basic geographic units (excluding Antarctica). Using our similarity general formula (SGF) and the multivariate similarity clustering analysis（MSCA）method, the distributional data of the total 31 orders 1208 families 104344 insect genera are analyzed. The clustering results of the MSCA method see distinct hierarchies. The level of similarity is 0.300 and 0.200, respectively, 67 BGUs are gathered into 20 small unit crowds and seven big unit crowds; The composition of each crowd is adjacent, with no "noise" and "enclaves"; the ecological environment conditions of each crowd are relatively independent of each other; and each crowd has its own endemic of the insect group. According to the clustering results of the MSCA, the first global insect geographical regionalization scheme is worked out, including seven kingdoms and 20 subkingdoms. The insect fauna characteristics of every kingdom and subkingdom are analyzed.