中国核学会是中国科学技术协会的重要组成部分。过去5年，是中国核科技和核工业发展取得重大突破的重要5年。以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视核科技与核工业的发展，作出了一系列重大决策部署，中国核科技与核工业发展迎来了继“两弹一星”后第二个春天：形成以“华龙一号”为代表的自主三代核电技术；高温气冷堆示范工程首台反应堆试验成功标志着中国第四代核电技术迈出关键一步；我国核能发电装机已列全球第3位，形成了完整的全产业链体系；核技术应用产业规模不断扩大。多年来，中国核科学技术工作者坚定创新自立，着力攻克关键核心技术，勇攀科技高峰。中核学会是党和政府联系核科学技术工作者的桥梁纽带，是发展中国核科学技术事业的重要社会力量。在中国科协的指导下，中国核学会在促进核科学技术的繁荣和发展，促进核科学技术的普及和推广，促进核科学技术人才的成长和提高，为社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设服务方面发挥了重要作用。

中国环境科学学会（以下简称“环境学会”）是中国环保事业发展进程的见证者，伴随着环保事业发展成长起来，参与了改革开放以来中国环保事业发展的各阶段，在若干历史事件和活动中发挥了重要作用。尤其是“十三五”以来，中国生态文明建设从实践到认识都发生了历史性、转折性、全局性变化，生态环境保护工作取得了新的历史性成就。“十三五”规划纲要确定的生态环境9项约束性指标均圆满超额完成。污染防治攻坚战阶段性目标任务高质量完成，蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战等七大标志性战役取得决定性成效。人民群众身边的蓝天白云、清水绿岸明显增多，环境“颜值”普遍提升，美丽中国建设迈出坚实步伐。

As the global science and technology innovation has entered a period of unprecedented activity, the importance of the S&T societies becomes increasingly apparent. With the momentum of the national efforts to promote the development of science and technology, it is important for Chinese S&T societies to expand their international perspective and to better appreciate the overall situation of the global S&T societies. This paper takes the world's top S&T societies as an example, traces and analyzes the professional development dynamics of the advanced international S&T societies, and reviews the development of the world's top S&T societies, to provide a benchmark for deepening the governance reform of Chinese S&T societies, and to further strengthen the vitality and the creativity of Chinese S&T societies. The conclusions are as follows:(1) the domestic S&T societies emphasize the party leadership and the institutional strengths that reflect a strong cohesion; (2) foreign S&T societies are better at aggregating public resources and transforming new knowledge into usable products and services, promoting the integration of science and technology with the economy, the innovation chain and the industrial chain; (3) foreign S&T societies are good at making their voices heard in a variety of ways, giving a full play of their role as a think tank for policy makers and decision makers. (4) Substantive activities in the global S&T governance should be led by large international S&T associations. Chinese S&T societies need to pay attention to the construction of policy-making advisory think tanks, provide technical support for major government decisions, improve academic exchange platforms, create a good ecology conducive for the S&T workers to contribute their wisdom to the economic integration of the S&T, and promote mutually beneficial and shared international S&T exchanges and cooperations.

With implementation of the open and shared international cooperation strategy by China, there is huge space and potential for Chinese scientific and technological associations to develop internationally. However, the internationalization process started very late in China, and the related theories and practices have still much to be improved. This paper considers the national associations affiliated to the CAST, analyzes the history and the current situation of their international development, and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions for Chinese scientific and technological associations to better play their roles in the global science and technology governance.