According to the international political situation, the domestic economic and social development needs, and the revolution of science and technology, the Chinese communist party has implemented a series of major scientific and technological development strategies, including "the march to science" and the thesis of "science and technology is the first productive force", and has made remarkable achievements. The strategic principles have changed from "the imitation" to "the independent innovation". The strategic priority has changed from "the national defense and the heavy industry" to "the comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development of society". In the future, we should seize the historical opportunities, continue to respond to the "Four Orientations", to tackle the key and core technologies, build up a team of talents, improve the new innovation ecosystem, deepen the reform of systems and mechanisms for science and technology, and strive to become a major science center and innovation center in the world.

In the hundred years since the founding of the Communist Party of China, the concept of the moral education has undergone five stages of evolution. In the revolutionary war years, cultivating the "revolutionary youth" with the communist consciousness is the primary concern for morality. Since the establishment of the higher education in Yan'an, the party's exploration of the connotation of morality and the way of fostering people began to take shape, with a moral form based on Marxism established, the traditional culture criticized and absorbed, and a practice-first education method adopted. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the "red and professional" standard is gradually formed for educating people, and the policy of cultivating people was repeatedly adjusted between a practical goal and a theoretical one. After the reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China highly emphasized the education of ideals and beliefs, and at the same time opened the way of fostering people in the education modernization. Entering the new era, the connotation of Lide has been greatly adjusted on the basis of history, the status of the traditional culture has risen from the "historical heritage" to the "cultural gene", and the policy of fostering people has become more political and contemporary. This characteristic, which is inherited and developed with the times, is the source for the Communist Party of China to maintain the strong vitality of a Marxist party.

This paper reviews the backgrounds of the formulation of the first comprehensive long-term plan for scientific and technological development in China, namely, the 12-year plan for scientific and technological development, including the formulation and the implementation of the plan. The plan was formulated and implemented under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi, Li Fuchun, Nie Rongzhen and other senior leaders of the CPC Central Committee. It was the crystallization of the scientific and technological cooperation between China and the Soviet Union. Its formulation work was completed in two stages., with the participation ofhundreds of scientists and nearly 100 Soviet experts. Members of the Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences were the backbone. The plan put the priority in the main tasks and proceeded with determination, as the policy of scientific development in China, and it was closely related with the needs of the national industry, agriculture, defense, and medical and health constructions. Its implementation had achieved remarkable results, effectively promoted the development of new China's science and technology and atomic energy, laid a solid foundation for new China's industrial and agricultural production and national defense construction. The plan set a good example for China's government to organize scientists to plan the science and technology. It was a historical monument for the Communist Party of China to govern China's science and technology.

Both the science and the technology are the productive forces, but they affect the social production in different ways. How to balance the relationship between the science and the technology is an important issue for the decision-makers for the development of science and technology. In the early stage of the reform and the opening up, the socialist modernization is the focus of the Party and the country. Deng Xiaoping pointed out that "the key to the four modernizations is the modernization of science and technology", and put forward the famous thesis that "science and technology are the primary productive forces". Facing the huge gap of the scientific and technological level between China and the developed countries, Deng Xiaoping proposed the policy of making use of all advanced technologies and achievements in the world, to promote the international scientific and technological cooperation as the extension of the domestic science and technology policy, which fully reflects Deng Xiaoping's trade-off between the technology and the science. This paper analyzes some typical examples of science and technology as the first productive force, to appreciate the strategic choice of promoting both science and technology in the hope of understanding the current international scientific and technological cooperation and even the national science and technology policy.

During the past 100 years since its founding, the Communist Party of China led Chinese people in an arduous struggle against frequent natural disasters and achieved remarkable results. This paper analyzes the cognitive background of the Communist Party of China on the causes of disasters in the past hundred years and reviews the history of China's disaster relief system in the past hundred years. The institutional advantages of the Communist Party of China is evident in the disaster relief over the past century. The analyses indicate the following patterns:the counterpart assistance model, the civil-military integration model, the policy of putting the life in the first place, and the extensive international participation practices. Under the guidance of the Communist Party of China, China is experiencing a conceptual change from the disaster relief to the emergency management and then to the risk management. The technological disaster response for the diversified disasters would be more important. The socialist system with Chinese characteristics will become an inexhaustible source for the remarkable performance of the emergency management and the risk management in the future.

Based on the evaluation of the internal structure, the policy tool is used to make systematic quantitative analyses of the contents of the policy text, aiming to achieve the policy objectives of the analysis method. This paper constructs a two-dimensional framework of the "Policy Tools-Policy Objectives (X-Y Dimensions)" to analyze the policy text of the health policy. The data analysis shows that in the policy tools, the supply-oriented and the environmental-oriented policy tools are used more frequently. The infrastructural construction and the regulatory control account for the highest proportion in the internal structure while the demand-oriented policy tools account for the least proportion. In the policy objectives, the use of tools is focused on various stages of the health care history. During the 100 years'evolution after the founding of the Communist Party, the health care policy keeps to be people-oriented and progressive. The medical and health policy in the new era should adhere to the unity of the system's endogenous evolution and the consciousness construction, the unity of the overall layout of the policy and the gradual progress, and the unity of the pursuit of fairness and efficiency for the development goals.