This paper summarizes the consultative topic selection mechanism of the National Research Council of the United States and the characteristics of the research organization mechanism and process. Most of the consultative topic selections of the National Research Council of the United States are compound, mainly concentrated on behavioral and social sciences, biology and life sciences, computer and information technology, conflict, security, etc. The mechanism has played an effective role in serving America's national needs, laying out priorities, and eliminating racial discrimination. Combined with specific topic selection cases, the strategic policy type, prospective reserve type, and emergency focus type topic selections are analyzed. Finally, several enlightenments for Chinese think tank research topic selection and organization are presented. First, we should focus on national needs, respond to social concerns. Second, we should expand international cooperation and make China's voice heard. Third, we should pay attention to science communication and advocate the value of science. Fourth, we should standardize the research process to ensure objectivity and credibility. Fifth, we should innovate think tank methods and improve research efficiency.

Under the guidance of the spirit of openness, it is of great importance to strengthen the deployment, investment and guidance in the field of open source, and to build an appropriate governance system based on the source code or hardware design information for the development of digital economy. This paper analyzes the basic logic of the development of open source, and expounds the international experiences in promoting the development of open source from the aspects of research and development support, demand-side policies supply, and ecological construction. On this basis, this paper studies the current situation of open source development in the United States from a comparative perspective, and holds that the United States has a relatively high voice in the field of open sources. It is claimed that, we should insist on the“integration into the world, independent open source”, clarify the restriction boundaries based on foreign open source platforms, explore open source development strategies, increase research support for collaboration, carry out open source deployment pilots and establish a security assessment framework, and complement the shortcomings of open source ecological construction.

With the increase of national investment in higher education, the scale and quantity of university laboratoriesm continue to increase, followed by security problems. It is suggested to build an operation and management platform driven by big data, information and digital technology for the production, storage and transportation, procurement, use and recovery of hazardous chemicals to supervise the management and use of hazardous chemicals in colleges and universities.

With its integration into all areas of economy and society, digital technology is exerting a broad and profound impact on human production and life. To promote the construction of first-class science and technology associations, it is required to fully comprehend the key dimensions of digital transformation of science and technology associations, clarify the opportunities and challenges for their future development, and identify the key paths for their transformation and improvement. Based on the experience in planning and construction of platforms such as Smart CAST, Smart CRSTA, and China Volunteers in Science and Technology, the author summarizes and proposes the planning and implementation framework of digital transformation of science and technology associations from five aspects, with a view to facilitating the informatization, digitalization and intellectualization of science and technology associations, and providing optimal services for both science and technology workers and the building of an innovative country.

China is vigorously building a system of nature reserves with national parks as the main body. However, the protection of national parks and national nature reserves is contrary to international practices. This paper compares and analyzes the differences between China and the United States in terms of national parks and national nature reserves, points out the confusion in concept understanding and management of national parks and national nature reserves in China, and puts forward corresponding suggestions.

To understand the development status and problems of sci-tech periodicals in Shandong province, and improve its academic influence, core competitiveness and the ability to serve the overall situation，it is necessary to create a high-level scientific and technological journal phalanx with international communication power and highlighting Shandong characteristics. By distributing questionnaires to 131 sci-tech periodicals and holding seminars, the development status of sci-tech periodicals in Shandong province was investigated in the following five aspects: basic information, composition of human resources, grants and subsidies, business status, and new media development. It was obtained that all of the sci-tech periodicals in Shandong province were small, scattered and weak, being characterized by scattered publishing resources, unbalanced discipline layout, lack of excellent editors, low overall academic influence, and insufficient media-periodicals integration capacity. Suggestions to promote high-quality development of sci-tech periodicals in Shandong province are as follows: optimize the layout of publishing structure, improve the development environment of sci-tech periodicals, strengthen the construction of editors, empower their capacity to publish, promote their cluster construction and promote sci-tech digital transformation.

Food security is a major issue in state governance. Carrying out work has significance for ensuring national food security. The promulgation and implementation of the "Anti-food Waste Law of the People's Republic of China" marks that the anti-food waste of China has shifted from moral constraints to legal governance. However, there are still problems such as the need for further clarification of work rights and responsibilities, the lack of a standard system, the basic data statistics system has not been established, and the scientific research support needs to be strengthened during the implementation of this law. Relevant departments should take the following measures to guide and standardize the "Anti-Food Waste Law": strengthening relevant scientific research; strengthening the monitoring and assessment of food waste; implementing the relevant rules; strengthening the linkage between relevant departments; strengthening publicity and education against food waste; and strengthening the implementation and supervision of laws and other measures.

Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism and is an important feature of Chinese modernization. As a pioneer of China's modernization, transportation needs to play a greater role in promoting common prosperity. The study reviews the historical practices of transportation services in promoting common prosperity at different stages. It summarizes the important role played by transportation and discusses the difficulties and problems that transportation development does not adapt to the requirements of new development stage when China solidly promotes common prosperity. Specific suggestions are presented in terms of building a modern high-quality comprehensive transportation system, narrowing regional and urban-rural gaps in transportation development, improving the travel conditions for low-income and vulnerable groups, and improving the development level of ecological civilization and spiritual civilization in transportation.

This paper summarizes the common practice patterns of artificial intelligence application in criminal investigation, mainly including video investigation, individual identification, data retrieval, information mining, auxiliary interrogation, evidence evaluation, etc., which brings multi-dimensional lock, situation and finger integration, and full chain support to the investigation department. Then this paper analyzes a series of risks and challenges accompanied by the application of artificial intelligence in criminal investigation, such as black box effect, precision deviation, algorithm overstep, open panorama, investigation secret room and so on. Some suggestions are put forward, such as anchoring the basic stance of human-oriented and human-computer integration, promoting the integration of data-driven and knowledge-guided methods, enhancing the ethical adaptation of artificial intelligence application in criminal investigation, and optimizing the legal system of artificial intelligence application in criminal investigation.

As bridges and ties between the Party or the Government and the workers in science & technology, associations for science and technology should strengthen their self-improvement under the guidance of the General Secretary Xi Jinping's important expositions and requirements on mass organizations and scientific and technological innovation, taking "politics, progressiveness, and mass-oriented" as the fundamental attributes and requirements. Considering the features of the mass groups in the new era, the corresponding development law, and the attributes of the association for science and technology, the requirements on the development and construction of the association for science and technology is clarified under the guidance of the mass organizations reform principles, and the development orientation of the association for science and technology in strengthening high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement is determined. Considering the "Four Aspects" development requirements and the "Four Services" construction standards, and aiming at the construction of an open, hub-like, and platform-based transformational organization, it is proposed to construct the association for science and technology as a“red” , practical, people-serving, intelligent and branded organization.

By using Logistic model, the core technology life cycle characteristics in the artificial intelligence industry were dynamically compared between China and the USA. The evolution trend of the core technologies in artificial intelligence industry of China and the USA was discussed by integrating technology life cycle and RTA Index. It discovers that:(1) 2025-2030 will be the key period for the development and breakthrough of core technologies in artificial intelligence industry in China, and China should firmly grasp the critical period to achieve catching-up. (2) During the evolution of the core technologies in artificial intelligence industry, China had technological advantages in computer vision and intelligent adaptive learning, rather than comprehensive technical fields such as cross-media analysis and reasoning and swarm intelligence. Due to the brain-computer interface and smart chip not entering the mature period, China should be aware of the core technique lock-in and defense strategies of the first-mover. Relying on the broad markets and the wide range of application scenarios, natural language processing and autonomous unmanned system were developed rapidly.

The top-level design of the unified national market brings opportunities for the further expanding and strengthening of the technology market. This paper summarizes the current prominent problems in terms of the function of China's technology market and the synergy of factor markets, and points out the difficulties in the construction of factor markets caused by the characteristics of technology and technology transactions. Then it analyzes the new connotation of construction of technology market under the unified national market, including market-oriented allocation of technology elements, unified and standardized construction of the market, and simultaneous development of technology market and innovative market. Finally, it puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on the construction of unified technology market in the future from the perspectives of enriching connotation, optimizing service, deepening reform and following the law.

This paper combs the relevant science, technology and innovation policies issued by the Party Central Committee, the State Council, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee, and divides the types of science and technology policies into 3 types:top-level design of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, science and technology legislation, and other important policies, and each type is briefly introduced and analyzed. The study has found that since the 18th CPC National Congress, the introduction of China's science and technology policy has maintained a high degree of consistency and synchronization with the reform and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, which is the specific implementation of the country's innovation driven development strategy, the strategy of strengthening the country through talent, and the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. In the future, science and technology policies in China will be based on the internal laws of scientific and technological development, strive to meet the needs of the world's cutting-edge development, put people first, keep pace with the times, and play a greater role in the process of China's realization of powerful country with socialist modernization.

Implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy is the major strategic deployment made at the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China for China to adapt to fierce international competition, transformation of development mode, and enhancement of endogenous power. This year is the 10th anniversary of strategy implementation, the article mainly reviews and analyzes, from a perspective of historical logic-theoretical logic-practical logic, the implementation and effectiveness of the strategy. Specifically, 1) taking a broad view of the world, based on reality and facing the future, we elaborate the significance and connotation of the strategy; 2) from the historical logic, we review and sort out the evolution process of strategy proposal, development and improvement, and summarize the development positioning and strategic requirements of each stage; 3) from the theoretical logic, we analyze and summarize the implementation subject, implementation task, implementation path and implementation environment of the strategy; 4) from the practical logic, we review and summarize the remarkable achievements of the strategy implementation in terms of promoting the improvement of China's innovation capability, the emergence of innovation achievements, innovation-driven economic and social development, and the layout of domestic and foreign innovation networks.

The 10 years since the 18th National Congress of CPC have been the decade in which China successfully implemented the innovation-driven development strategy and promoted China's S&T innovation cause to achieve a historic leap. This paper briefly reviews the history and achievements of China's S&T since the 18th National Congress of CPC from the aspects of S&T ideology, reform practice and innovation effect. This paper concludes that since the 18th National Congress of CPC, China has undergone systematic changes in S&T ideas, innovation-driven development strategies, and S&T system reforms, which have promoted China's investment in S&T resources, basic research, technological innovation, industrial competitiveness, and innovation vitality. Great progress has been made in all aspects and China has initially entered the ranks of the world's innovative countries. Finally, the goal of promoting China to become the world science and technology center as soon as possible is prospected, and five policy suggestions are put forward.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, President Xi Jinping has delivered a series of keynote speeches on international science and technology cooperation (ISTC). Based on the relevant important remarks, this paper studies the dialectical relationship of indigenous innovation and open innovation, analyzes the historicity and realistic need of ISTC, as well as its supporting role in building China into a world power in science and technology. This paper also studies the ISTC policy and reform measures, presents the main tasks, illustrates the development process, main progress and achievements of China's ISTC since the 18th CPC National Congress, and finally puts forward ideas for strengthening China's ISTC during the 14th Five-Year Plan.

This paper analyzes China's exploration and practice on the green development road since the 18^th Communist Party of China National Congress, and points out that China has made great progress and remarkable achievements on green development, including economic structure, energy utilization, ecological environmental protection, green industry, life-style, institutional system and contribution to the global. In the future, China's green development should take carbon reduction as the key strategy, coordinate and promote the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, optimize the development and protection pattern of territorial space, promote the high-quality development of energy, strengthen the innovation and application of key technologies, and continue to deepen the reform of ecological civilization system.

To give full play to the bottom-up role of China's coal energy and give full play to the elastic and tough characteristics of open-pit coal mines, this paper discusses the countermeasures for the green and sustainable development of China's open-pit coal mines in the future from the perspective of low carbon. By collecting relevant data, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the current open-pit coal mine distribution, coal reserves, ecological environment, production capacity adjustment toughness, etc., as well as the ecological disturbance, end-to-side coal pressing, small equipment operation, and temporal and spatial imbalance of stripping. Eight key technologies and development countermeasures to solve the low-carbon, green and sustainable development of mining sources are proposed. They can provide relevant key technologies and decisionmaking references for green and low-carbon mining of open-pit coal mines under the new situation.

This paper focuses on the opportunities and challenges faced by the coordinated development of the industrial chain in the Yangtze River Delta under the current new development pattern. We combine policy research, international comparative research, and industrial case studies to analyze the new environment and key industries faced by the industrial economy in the Yangtze River Delta. Then we analyze challenges and opportunities of the industrial chain in the Yangtze River Delta from the perspectives of basic coordination model, industrial structure changing trend, and value flow in the industrial chain. Finally, we put forward policy recommendations for optimizing the industrial division among cities in the Yangtze River Delta in order to give full play to the fulcrum role in the international and domestic dual circulation and promote the coordinated improvement of industrial chain in the Yangtze River Delta.

In the era of uncertainty, the global risk accumulation and linkage in various fields seriously threaten the survival of mankind. In the reflection on the generation of global crises and the dilemma of governance, and by analyzing the role of government and society in the process of scientific development, it is believed that the crisis of public trust in scientists in the era of globalization and post industrialization has intensified the impact and interference of non-scientific factors on the social public sector and political decision-making, reduced the ability of science to predict the complex consequences of these crises, and challenged the original contractual relationship with uncertainty. Therefore, on the one hand, efforts should be made to rebuild the trust of ordinary people and political decision makers in science, so as to strengthen the support of scientific research for policy-making. On the other hand, the positive role of science in national prosperity and social progress also depends on a sound science education mechanism and the orderly interactions between science and politics.

As a new strategic asset, the marine data-sharing could not sufficiently support the development of the sea-power strategy due to the shortcomings in the top-level design and the technical standards. With the developing status of the main marine countries in mind, this paper analyzes the marine data sharing laws and regulations, policies, standards, as well as the development models of different marine data sharing, the current marine data sharing pattern of the world, and our country's problems. Some suggestions are made for the marine data open sharing.

Based on the analysis of the co-construction and sharing status and problems of the Yangtze River Delta large scale scientific facilities, the following countermeasures and suggestions are proposed. Establishing the Yangtze River Delta large scale scientific facilities planning and construction coordination mechanism so as to avoid duplication of construction in the Yangtze River Delta region; establishing the Yangtze River Delta scientific facilities construction fund support mechanism so as to support the research and development of large scale scientific facilities; setting up a scientific research funding guarantee mechanism for sharing large scale scientific facilities and accepting users' applications for using the research facilities; establishing the user participation mechanism and considering the opening and sharing of operation in the planning and design stages; establishing a development and sharing mechanism for global scientific researchers and institutions to promote original innovation; perfecting the assessment and evaluation mechanism, which is not only in line with China's national conditions but also in line with international standards.

This paper systematically reviews the literature related to governance modernization of scientific and technological innovations. Starting from governance theory and connotation of modernization, the paper analyzes the connotation of modernization era of scientific and technological innovation governance. Combined with the evolution of China's science and technology innovation system reform and the development strategy of science and technology self-reliance and self-improvement of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, this paper puts forward the future key tasks for modernization of science and technology innovation governance from six aspects:tackling strategic science and technology, adhering to the concept of self-confidence, cultivating innovation culture, improving innovation efficiency, enhancing international influence, and building a talent highland. Finally, it analyzes the key points of governance modernization of science and technology innovation in terms of strengthening the top-level design of governance system, creating a good science and technology innovation ecology, improving the construction of science and technology innovation by law, advocating responsible innovation, and adhering to people-oriented.

Planning and construction of North Metropolis is not only a major adjustment of Hong Kong's development strategy but also a landmark event in the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Under the framework of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, this paper discusses the background and significance of the construction of Hong Kong Northern Metropolis, analyzes its impacts on the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and deals with the challenges of industrial space, land system, development model, cross-border movement of factors, cooperation mechanism between Guangdong and Hong Kong or between Shenzhen and Hong Kong, and finally puts forward policy suggestions to promote the construction at the three levels:the country, the bay area, and Hong Kong.

This paper analyzes the unique role of scientific and technological societies in building the national innovation system in terms of social mechanism and constituent element. It sorts out the practical experiences of scientific and technological societies of the United States, Japan and Germany, all the world's major developed countries, in serving national scientific and technological innovation. It studies the important role of science and technology society in assisting basic application research, promoting the combination of industries, universities and researches, and accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Then it summarizes the common laws by which scientific and technological societies serve national innovation development strategies with professional leadership, participate in the formulation of global scientific and technological innovation rules with professional influence, and support national scientific and technological innovation activities with professional organizational strength. Keywords scientific and technologi

The “unveiling and leading” mechanism is based on open competitions to select the best candidates to lead key research projects. Recent decades have seen several innovative approachs. An effective interaction between the innovation themes, the unveiling mechanism, active leading mechanism, free flow of innovative ideas, and rewarding and punishing mechanisms, is essential for constant innovation system development, which ensures the acceleration of the innovation and technology transfer. To reveal the enlightenment of open innovation to the mechanism of “unveiling and leading”, this paper analyzed and compared open innovation practices across multiple companies, organizations, projects, and platforms, and extracted the topic selection, personnel selection and evaluation mechanisms. On this basis, we summarized and refined the essential elements for open mechanisms that may promote the perfection of the successful “unveiling and leading”, and proposed the corresponding suggestions.

As one of national strategies in the new era, rural vitalization is a historic task of wide-ranging implications for China's modernization. Without rural modernization, China will not be able to achieve modernization of the country as a whole. China's rural modernization follows the basic principles of rural modernization worldwide, but with its own features. Meanwhile, China's rural vitalization is a complex systemic project with its inner logic of evolution, which is closely related to systematic perspective, double mechanism of government and market, endogenous power, international experiences or lessons and synergetic mechanism. This study focuses on the goals of development and strategies of implementation from eight perspectives, such as rural resident, rural industry, rural landscape, rural life, rural culture, rural organization, rural ecology and relationships between urban and rural areas, aiming to ensure smooth progress for rural vitalization in China.

Agricultural science and technological (S&T) innovation is the important support for consolidating the results of poverty alleviation and comprehensively promoting rural revitalization. China's agricultural S&T innovation is not enough to strongly break the bottleneck and support demand of agricultural development and faced such problems as insufficient effective supply of agricultural S&T innovation, incompatibility between traditional agricultural S&T extension methods and demand of the new types of agricultural businesses, shortage of organization of agricultural S&T service, lack of agricultural S&T talents, and imperfect policy of agricultural S&T innovation. It is suggested that establish a demand-oriented agricultural S&T innovation system from five aspects of innovation, extension, service, talents, and policies, to support effectively support the transition of policy priority from Poverty Alleviation to Rural Revitalization.

To realize the effective link between poverty alleviation achievements and rural revitalization is an important strategic deployment made by the Party Central Committee for the current work of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". Industrial development plays a fundamental role in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. In view of the current dilemma that China's rural industrial development foundation is still weak, scientific and technological innovation ability is not strong enough, and the supply of professionals is still insufficient, we need to give full play to the role of science and technology as the driving engine, to promote industrial transformation and upgrading with scientific and technological support, to activate industrial development momentum with scientific and technological innovation, and to consolidate the foundation of industrial development with scientific and technological talents, so as to establish a solid foundation for high-quality rural revitalization.

After winning the poverty alleviation battle, the focus of China's work on agriculture, rural areas and farmers is historically shifting to comprehensively promoting rural revitalization. First of all, based on the idea "talent is the first resource", this article argues that the key to rural revitalization is rural talent revitalization. Talent revitalization is not only an important content but also an important premise, key and support of rural revitalization. Secondly, the current situation of insufficient rural talents, unreasonable structure, lack of high-level talents and the contradiction between supply and demand of rural revitalization talents are briefly analyzed. Then eight countermeasures for promoting rural talent revitalization are presented. Finally, it puts forward some suggestions for comprehensive rural revitalization.

The scientific research ethics governance to standardize the scientific research activities is important to ensure the healthy development of science and technology. In our country,the studies of the regional scientific ethics governance are still rare. This paper analyzes the current situation of the scientific research ethics governance in Guangdong Province and it is shown that the number of the ethic committees or the institutional review boards is inadequate, their professionalism is in a low level, as well as the information sharing and linkage among ethical supervision departments of the scientific research projects, no enough attention is paid to the areas other than the life sciences,no adequate preventive mechanism before publication is established,more educations with respect to the research ethics is needed and it is necessary to establish a governance system for new technologies such as internet technologies. To solve the above problems,this paper proposes solutions and suggestions for Guangdong scientific research ethics governance.

The defense technology transfer is an important issue especially under the situation when China continuously invest greatly in science and technology innovation and the development of civil-military integration. This paper reviews the defense technology transfer programs of the US Department of Defense, and analyses the factors affecting the technology transfer, to provide some food of thought for China in this respect.

From the perspective of "science for diplomacy", "science in diplomacy" and "diplomacy for science", it is shown in this paper that since China and Israel established diplomatic relations in 1992. Israel through "science for diplomacy", used advanced agricultural techniques to improve the agricultural production in China, and consolidated and improved the bilateral relations. Through "science in diplomacy", Israel has built several industrial parks in China with different characteristics. At present, Israel has enhanced its effort to attract investment from China and further assisted the development of its high-tech enterprises, to realizing the "diplomacy for science".

Data security governance rules are essential for cross-border data flow. Based on the analysis of cross-border data flow security governance rules of typical countries and bilateral and multinational treaties, China's cross-border data flow security governance rules are studied and relevant suggestions are provided. Firstly, we should refine relevant regulations and improve the data classification supervision system; at the same time, we should improve the blocking law in the data field to avoid the long arm jurisdiction of other countries. Secondly, it is necessary to actively participate in the formulation of international cross-border rules for data, embed data security clauses into international economic and trade rules, and further promote the achievement of global data security flow rules.

At present, the main factors affecting the international collaborative innovation include the challenge of China's high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, the significant differences in the international values, the convergence of the international technical standards, the trend of anti-globalization, the "Belt and Road" initiative along the national industrial transformation and the upgrading difficulties. With the concept of the global scientific and technological governance, we should promote the free and effective allocation of scientific and technological innovation elements in the international arena, realize the high level self-reliance of science and technology in China and build a new order of division of labor in the world industry as the goal, inherit and carry forward the traditional spirit of mutual benefit and win-win situation of the Silk Road, grasp the longterm equilibrium trend of scientific and technological elements, grasp the industrial gradient transfer, and strive to stimulate internal and external innovation driving force as the key to achieve mutual benefit and win-win situation, in order to strengthen the cross-cultural communication capacity to ensure the recognition of national values along the route, to successfully put the technology as a fundamental enhancement of the regional synergy capacity. To develop export-oriented entities as the carrier to inject sustainable development momentum.

After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the strategy of building a maritime power, it is an important task of the new era to accelerate the building of a maritime power. The innovation and the development of the marine science and technology are an important strategic measure to accelerate the construction of a maritime power. Based on the review of the history and the major events of China's Marine Science and technology innovation and development since the founding of the People's Republic of China, this paper analyzes the experience and the existing problems of China's Marine Science and technology innovation and development, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for further development of the marine science and technology innovation and the innovation driven development. After 70 years of China's rapid development of marine science and technology, the level of the continuous improvement has become an important driving force to guide and promote the construction of a maritime power. In the new era, the development of China's marine science and technology should remain in the core of innovation, and focus on three aspects:The construction of a talent team; strengthening the top-level design; and the leading role of the government.

Since the implementation of the "Resource Tax Law of the People's Republic of China" on September 1, 2020, a significant response is seen from the Chinese geothermal industry. Through the study of the law and the corresponding local implementation guidelines, it is found that there exist several conflicts between the current local implementation guidelines and the upper law. More specifically, when the resource tax is imposed on the amount of the reinjected geothermal water, such taxation practice will violate the upper law, against the third article of the principle of the tax on the amount of sales, as well as against the fifth article of the principle of the exemption on the self-usage for continuous production. These conflicts will very likely lead to judicial litigations and law suits in the future. With respect to the concept of"raw geothermal water"in the Resource Tax Law, and whether the reinjected geothermal water can be treated as a behavior of sales, the current legal definition is not clear enough. Moreover, the method of adopting the volume unit of the cubic meter as the taxation unit of the geothermal water will cause uncertainty and non-uniqueness in the measurement of taxable products in the geothermal electricity generation industry. In terms of policy recommendations, this paper proposes that the resource tax should be exempted on the reinjected geothermal water under the existing legal framework. At the same time, the definition of"raw geothermal water"needs to be clarified through judicial interpretation, and a revision process should be initiated to change the taxation unit of geothermal water to the mass unit of ton.

Nuclear data, especially neutron nuclear data, is the basic data for fundamental research of nuclear physics, utilization of nuclear energy, and development of nuclear technology. It is also an important bridge to connect nuclear physics fundamental research and nuclear technology application. The quality of nuclear data will directly impact on the effectiveness, safety and economy of nuclear devices. This paper briefly introduces the application of nuclear data, the trend of nuclear data research in the world, and reviews the experience of international nuclear data work as well as its enlightenment to nuclear data work in China. Finally, opportunities and challenges brought by machine learning and other new technologies to the development of nuclear data in China are introduced, and some proposals on how to develop the nuclear data work in China are presented.