This paper is a summary and review of studies on attribution of global warming, an issue getting more and more attention from policy makers and public. After a brief introduction to the global warming research in terms of methods and tools of attribution analysis, this paper summarizes the achievements of scientific research on evidences of human influence on global warming in recent years. Using the global climate models with human influence and using fingerprint detection and attribution, it is found that human influence was virtually certain to be the main cause of global warming in the past century, especially the last 50 years. The evidences of global warming in five spheres (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere and cryosphere) of the earth system, such as increased heat waves, weakened cold wave, lower atmosphere warming, land and ocean warming, global sea level rising caused by both thermostatic expansion of sea water and ice melting, the accelerated melting of ice, snow and permafrost, the increased acidity of ocean, and extended plant growth season, are all closely related to the human influence.

Climate change has posed a serious threat to human health. If greenhouse gas emissions and global temperatures are allowed to deteriorate, climate change can become one of the major threats to global health in this century. To cope with the crisis, University College London and Tsinghua University established "Lancet Countdown:Tracking Progress on Health and Climate Change" project jointly with more than 30 top academic institutions globally in 2016 and cooperated together to write the "Lancet Countdown:Health and Climate Change" reports, to track the impact of climate change on population health and the health benefits of tackling climate change and carry out public propagandization and policy recommendation. The latest 2020 global report, which tracked annual changes in 43 indicators across five areas, found that indicators of climate change impact, exposure and vulnerability were all deteriorating while efforts to mitigate climate change were clearly inadequate, and that it would be difficult to meet the temperature rise target set in the Paris Agreement according to current trends. The report drew three key conclusions:1) no country-whether rich or poor-is immune from the health impacts of climate change; 2) the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change represent converging crises which need to be tackled in unison. 3) A joint response to converging crises can deliver a triple win:better public health, a sustainable economy and environmental protection.

Population migration caused by climate change has become one of the hot issues in the international community. This paper reviews the researches on climate change and population migration in western academic circles since the end of the 20th century. It is found that population migration is not only a response mechanism to climate change but also a complex result of a series of national background, social, political and economic environment collisions. Aiming at the problem of climate change, this paper puts forward that all countries should strengthen collection and sharing of reliable data on climate-related migration, and focus on improving resettlement and livelihood of migrants in their destinations when formulating policies related to migration. This paper introduces the current international research trends of climate change and population migration and looks forward to future research prospects to effectively solve the problem of climate migration and resolve the social risks faced by climate migrants.

China has put forward a positive vision to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Nuclear power is expected to be further developed as a non-fossil energy source. Although the national nuclear power technology made great progress in 13th Five-Year Plan period, there are many uncertainties and challenges for its development in the future, including dispute on scale of nuclear power site resources, nuclear power role in the future energy structure, new demand on near-zero emission energy systems, impact of electric power system reform on economic benefits, public concern & local pressure and so on. Therefore, the paper suggests that nuclear power development should be defined more clearly, that utilization paths should be enriched, and that the affect of carbon reduction should be highlighted. At the same time, it is necessary to improve supporting policies and mechanisms and strengthen public publicity to minimize obstacles in the development of nuclear energy.

The vision of carbon neutrality has become a consensus of international political bodies and economies. As one of the most important industries that have the responsibility to reach Chinese national goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the metallic mineral industry is facing not only challenges but also opportunities. This article analyzes a series of challenges and opportunities from several aspects. It is believed that the production costs will increase in the process towards carbon neutrality and the industry has to overcome difficulties such as immature low-carbon technology and complex carbon emission mechanism. On the other hand, with the low-carbon economy developing, the metallic mineral industry will also embrace substantial opportunities:large-scale production will be promoted, demands for metals and minerals will grow, price of the product will be kept in a high level, more approaches will be available to obtain capital, and so on. Thus, carbon assets are expected to become a new growing point for metallic mineral enterprises. It is suggested that the metallic mineral enterprises should strengthen carbon emission control by using information technologies, and support R&D of low-carbon, zero-carbon and negative carbon technologies. At last, the metallic mineral industry and enterprises should build circular economy industrial chain to strengthen the circle and integration inside and outside the industrial chain.