With the development of the information technology era, metaverse has gradually become the third internet revolution, and the metaverse terminal is an important component of it. This article describes the development trends and key technologies of the hardware part of the metaverse terminal in terms of micro displays, optical systems, and perceptual interactions. In terms of the micro display technology, two technologies, silicon based OLED and MicroLED, are mainly discussed; in terms of optical systems, the main topics discussed are surface relief grating waveguide technology, volume holographic waveguide technology, and metasurface waveguide technology; in terms of perceptual interaction, the interaction technology of gesture recognition and EEG recognition is mainly discussed.

The recent advances made by graph-based deep learning have demonstrated its great potential in processing non-Euclidean structured data, and a large number of research efforts have attempted to apply graph embeddings or graph neural networks to vulnerability detection. This survey systematically investigates the vulnerability detection based on graph deep learning. Firstly, we summarize the four main stages of the vulnerability detection process, including data set, graph data preparation, graph deep learning model construction, and result evaluation. Then, starting from the effectiveness of graph-based deep learning vulnerability detection, we respectively expound the research results based on code patterns, code similarity and specific application scenarios. Finally, by sorting out and summarizing the existing research works, we analyze the challenges and foresee the trends in this research field.

Ultrafast science employs ultrafast light sources and ultrafast measurement as the main approaches to understand, apply and control macroscopic matter through the measurement and manipulation of ultrafast kinetic processes of microscopic particles. As one of the most important frontiers in international science and technology, the development of ultrafast science will provide an important impetus for original innovation in numerous disciplines. Its breakthroughs will help to address many important issues related to the vital national needs and public health. This paper focuses on the research of ultrafast laser technology, ultrafast measurement technology and ultrafast dynamics in ultrafast science, mainly introducing their development status, frontier application and future prospect. In-depth analysis of the problems facing the development of ultrafast science in China is provided, and specific recommendations are proposed to promote its development, including strengthening top-level design, promoting industrialization, improving the evaluation mechanism for talent cultivation, supporting major scientific and technological infrastructures, and participating in international big science programs.

Brain science is regarded as the "ultimate frontier" to understand the relationship between universe, nature and human beings, and human beings have never stopped exploring human brain and imitating its mechanism. In the past few centuries, human beings have gained certain understanding of the anatomical structure of human brain and unique functions of each part of the human brain, but its information processing mechanism, the formation of intelligence and other issues need to be further explored. At the same time, it is of great significance to investigate the information processing way of human brain to the study of brain-like intelligence, which plays an important role in expansion and application of human intelligence and is the next goal of AI. Based on extensive research on brain science and brain-like intelligence research at home and abroad, this paper addresses some key scientific issues from a perspective of AI technology in terms of brain information processing mechanism driven by big data, human intelligence formation mechanism based on multiple brain regions collaboration, development mechanism of brain diseases with multi-marker linkage and the mechanism of brain-like depth computing based on multi-modal fusion. It is also suggested to strengthen brain science and brain-like intelligence research from the aspects of interdisciplinary integration, industry-university-research cooperation promotion, international exchange and sharing, strategic planning and deployment, training of scientific talents and so on.

This paper summarizes the application of robotics in the three aspects of rail transit, i.e., equipment manu-facturing, maintenance inspection, and operation services. Combined with the development status of intel-ligent robot technology in this field, we summarize the key technology and challenges of robots. Thus to propose the future direction of the cooperation of robotics and rail transit.

Chiplet technology is a new generation of integrated circuit technology that has emerged in recent years. It has been widely recognized by the industry due to its excellent characteristics such as improving yield, breaking the limit of reticle size, flexibility in chip architecture, and standardization of IP supply chain. To further promote the development of chiplet technology in China, this article summarizes the application scenarios of chiplet technology, analyzes various core component technologies, elaborates on various technical challenges that may arise in the development of chiplet technology, reviews the development of China’s chiplet standards, and finally, puts forward some suggestions for the development of chiplet technology in China.

The application of artificial intelligence(AI) in the military field has recently further improved the overall response ability and execution efficiency of information-based joint operations. Electronic countermeasures combat operations take place in an invisible space, it is more urgent for troops to get AI technology support in a fast-changing electromagnetic situation. By sorting out the main application modes of AI technology in military field, this paper systematically studies the application path of AI in electronic countermeasures from a perspective of operational integrity and puts forward specific thoughts and suggestions for combat command，warfare method application，equipment research and development, and intelligent cooperation, so as to accurately serve the electromagnetic field struggle and improve intelligent combat ability.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has become an emerging platform technology for achieving mechano-electrical energy conversion, with huge application potentials in a variety of fields. For the past decade, through extensive efforts, significant progress on the research of TENG has been made worldwide, including both fundamental scientific research and application technology of TENGs. Therefore, this article aims to review the representative achievements of TENGs in fundamental findings and technological innovations and look forward to the faster development of TENGs.

In January 2023, the latest report of American Cancer Statistics in 2023 was published in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. This report elaborated on the cancer prevalence in America under the COVID-19 pandemic for the first time, described the secular trends in the burden of major cancers, and projected the cancer cases and deaths in 2023. We analyzed the pattern of cancers distribution by geographic area, time, and characteristics of the populations in China and America according to systematical interpretation of the report combined with the cancer statistics in China. We also summarized the current challenges in the development of cancer prevention and control system in China, and provided insights for its construction depending on assessing advancements and underlying reasons of that in America.

Quality 4.0 is an emerging quality management concept, which has been increasingly appreciated due to intensification of competition, continually changing customer requirements, and technological evolution. It deals with aligning the practices of quality management with the emergent capabilities of Industry 4.0 to improve cost, time and efficiency as well as increase product quality. As the future of quality, Quality 4.0 has become a potential choice for enterprises and has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In the literature, many studies have been conducted to investigate Quality 4.0 from different perspectives. They provide valuable insights and interesting research suggestions concerning Quality 4.0. However, the current researches on Quality 4.0 are insufficient in terms of basic concept, architecture design and key technologies. Therefore, this paper tries to improve the concept of Quality 4.0 by clarifying the definition, features and goals of Quality 4.0 based on a comprehensive review of current researches and practices. Then, a basic architecture of Quality 4.0 is presented by including physical layer, edge layer, analysis layer and decision layer. Besides, eight key technologies, i. e., industrial big data, digital twins, machine learning, machine vision, visualization technology, optimization techniques, connect technology, and collaborative technology, are identified to support the implementation of Quality 4.0. Finally, the problems of Quality 4.0 implementation in the Chinese manufacturing industry and the possible solutions to address them are discussed.

Blockchain is the key technology for Web 3.0 to build trusted interconnections and value interconnections. As a new decentralized infrastructure, the technology of blockchain is also constantly evolving. Combined with the background of Web 3.0, the technological progress and existing problems of blockchain are introduced in this paper, such as decentralized identity, smart contract, incentive mechanism, and privacy protection. They help to realize the technologies in Web 3.0, such as the data security sharing, business circulation and rights guarantee of users, so as to achieve the goal of more fair distribution and flow of the value.

Graph neural network (GNN) is another major development after convolutional neural network, and it belongs to an emerging deep learning method in the field of artificial intelligence. It mainly preserves the topological information in graph data through end-to-end learning from graph to prediction, and overcomes the defect that traditional deep learning cannot be applied to non-Euclidean data. This paper demonstrates the advantages of GNN for processing complex non-Euclidean data through the application progress of GNN in brain-related mental and nervous system diseases. GNN shows great potential in the medical field, furthermore, the network structure of the syndrome differentiation system of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is similar to the structure of the brain active area, and it is highly compatible with the schematic unstructured data processed by GNN, so GNN has great application prospect in the field of TCM. This article summarizes the application of GNN in the field of TCM and brain-related mental and nervous system diseases, and analyzes the advantages of TCM diagnosis and treatment models from the theoretical level, in order to explore and build a GNN-based model for fitting with the thinking mode of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" and realizing the objective diagnosis in TCM. It provides new means for solving the problems of complex relationship representation in TCM and mining the individual characteristics of patients. And it also provides a favorable tool for revealing the potential mechanism of TCM from multiple perspectives, and developing and improving the science of TCM.

Metros have the problems of passenger crowding during the peak hours and waste of transport capacity during the non-rush hours. Virtual coupling (VC) is expected to be a good solution to this problem, by which train formation can be dynamically adjusted, thus the line capacity is adjusted. This paper introduces the concept and relevant research of VC, and the existing problems and possible solutions are presented. Train protection and operation control methods are two most important problems among them. For the former, although relative braking distance principle is adopted, the space-time relationship between successive trains is omitted, thus, a space-time-separation-based train protection principle is proposed in this paper; for the latter, most of the existing studies only focus on the cruising control of VC, while the problem of non-synchronous parking that exists in the process of VC arrival at a station is wrongly ignored, which is particularly important in metros, a cooperative-control-based train following method is presented to solve this problem. This paper can provide a reference for readers to understand the development trend of virtual coupling technology in metros and to engage in relevant research.

As a non-carbon clean energy, geothermal energy plays an important role in promoting the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality due to its advantages of stable and continuous supply. The utilization of geothermal energy is generally divided into geothermal power generation, geothermal direct utilization and geothermal energy storage. Since 2010, global geothermal direct utilization has grown exponentially, with the installed capacity of geothermal direct utilization and annual heat utilization of about 108 GWt and 283,580 GWh, respectively. China has long ranked first in the world in terms of geothermal direct utilization. The geothermal heat pump system shows an exponential growth of about 16% every year, and the geothermal heat pump system accounts for about 72% and 60% of the installed capacity and heat utilization of the global direct utilization of geothermal heat, respectively. The average annual growth rate of geothermal power generation from 2010 to 2020 is about 4% restricted by high-temperature geothermal resources. Geothermal energy storage is the frontier field of geothermal utilization. Europe and the United States have deployed the "HEATSTORE" and "Geothermal Battery" energy storage projects respectively. The geothermal energy storage project deployed by the Geothermal Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has also entered the stage of key technology research and demonstration projects construction. As a huge natural energy storage, geothermal storage is the most suitable basis for storing energy and realizing a stable supply of thermal energy in a multi-energy complementary system. It can save other energy sources across seasons, realize efficient and large-scale energy storage across seasons, and improve energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, it can help achieve the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

The terms "Web 3.0" and "Metaverse" now both refer to the third generation of the Internet. A theoretical framework for Web 3.0/Metaverse is constructed, which consists of three parts. The first part is the Web 3.0/Metaverse architecture, including the structure of the Internet at the Web 3.0/Metaverse system level and the structure of computers as the Internet end systems at the Web 3.0/Metaverse component level. The second part is the Web 3.0/Metaverse technology system, including nine Web 3.0/Metaverse technologies. The third part is the Web 3.0/Metaverse application world, which structurely integrates the virtual and real worlds into one and covers five fields, namely economy, politics, military, society, and culture, in either function or scene. A Web 3.0/Metaverse application system is a field or subsystem, or sub-subsystem, etc. of the Web 3.0/Metaverse application world. A kind of Web 3.0/Metaverse application, digital twinning, is analyzed. The first-principle of blockchain is proposed: in the Web 3.0/Metaverse application world, the core function of blockchain is to make contrust (common trust).

Map is an effective tool to recognize real space. Cyberspace also needs abstract, symbolic and numerical maps for visualization and cognition. Based on a comprehensive review of existing theories and methods on cyberspace map and from a perspective of visual representation of cyberspace elements and cyberspace knowledge, the current study proposes a concept and connotation of the cyberspace geographic map by synthesizing the concept of“tupu” in both computer science and geography.. Besides, this study introduces the methods and key technologies for cyberspace geographic map construction, and outlooks the application fields from three aspects: cyberspace resource management, cyberspace behavior cognition, and comprehensive analysis of cyberspace events. Mapping the geographical map of cyberspace can associate cyberspace with real space and clearly express the structure of cyberspace. It is a necessary way to realize the cognition of cyberspace behavior and improve the capability of cybersecurity.

With the deepening development of China's reform and opening up and the Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion has gradually moved towards the world stage. Under the background of the new era, the clinical application of acupuncture and moxibustion in China has become more extensive, the treatment methods have bloomed, the clinical, basic and theoretical research has been deepened, and the standards and regulations of acupuncture and moxibustion have gradually led the world: The disease spectrum of acupuncture and moxibustion has been continuously expanded, the clinical application has been increasingly extensive; the treatment methods have been innovated and developed; the clinical research has continuously produced high-quality evidence; the standards and specifications have been published one after another; the theoretical system has been constantly improved; the basic research has made breakthroughs; the international development has been deepened, and the localization of acupuncture overseas has been developed rapidly. At the same time, the current development of acupuncture and moxibustion also faces a series of challenges: It is urgent to establish a diagnosis and treatment system that conforms to the rules of acupuncture and moxibustion itself; the evaluation system of clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion still needs to be improved; the systematic research of acupuncture and moxibustion still needs to be strengthened; the high-quality clinical evidence of acupuncture and moxibustion is still insufficient; the promotion and transformation of acupuncture and moxibustion research results need to be strengthened. Under the new situation of rapid development of science and technology, how to make full use of modern information technology, big data, artificial intelligence to realize the digital transformation and promote the comprehensive development of acupuncture and moxibustion is the only way for the modernization of acupuncture and moxibustion in the future.

With the advances in technologies of artificial intelligence and 5G as well as the emerging concepts of blockchain and decentralized management, the next revolution of Internet, Web 3.0, has appeared. It will change the development of Internet and various professions and has thus attracted much attention from both academia and industry. This article analyzes the opportunities and challenges of Web 3.0. First, the differences among Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 are elaborated, and the technical architecture of Web 3.0 is also studied. Second, through studying existing relevant literature, the current development status and the opportunities of Web 3.0 are summarized from both economic and technological aspects. Third, the challenges faced by Web 3.0 in research and regulation are pointed out. Finally, an outlook on the future development of Web 3.0 is given.

Based on the research progress in real-world clinical study and artificial intelligence technology domestically and internationally, aiming at the issues of the concepts, methods, and technologies for conducting high-quality TCM real world clinical research, this article focuses on the challenges and solutions for the transformation of real world research paradigms, the establishment of clinical problem-oriented research models, the quality of real world data, and the methodology of inferring high-quality causal evidences. With a view to fully understanding the importance and difficulty of real world TCM research for the high-quality development of TCM from the ontological perspective of TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment, it is expected to provide reference for establishing a new real-world research system with TCM characteristics and creating a new model of TCM clinical research.

With the increasingly serious energy crisis, the development of renewable clean energy as a substitute for fossil energy has always been the focus of scientific research. Biomass energy is the most promising alternative to fossil energy. This paper discusses the current situation and shortcomings of biomass energy utilization in five aspects: the source of biomass energy raw materials, the treatment of raw materials, biomass conversion technology, the application of biomass energy, and the development prospect of biomass energy. Although biomass energy research is booming, there are still some areas where improvements can be made: plants can be built close to the source of the feedstock to reduce feedstock costs; microalgae do not take up land and are a viable feedstock; feedstock pre-treatment needs to balance benefits and costs; for the choice of biomass conversion technology, a combination of biochemical and thermochemical conversion may be a good option; the application side of biomass energy can be biorefined to improve production efficiency, in addition, biofuel cells have great potential for development. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the optimisation of existing technologies and future research and development of biomass energy.

Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism and is an important feature of Chinese modernization. As a pioneer of China's modernization, transportation needs to play a greater role in promoting common prosperity. The study reviews the historical practices of transportation services in promoting common prosperity at different stages. It summarizes the important role played by transportation and discusses the difficulties and problems that transportation development does not adapt to the requirements of new development stage when China solidly promotes common prosperity. Specific suggestions are presented in terms of building a modern high-quality comprehensive transportation system, narrowing regional and urban-rural gaps in transportation development, improving the travel conditions for low-income and vulnerable groups, and improving the development level of ecological civilization and spiritual civilization in transportation.

Virtual Coupling has been a hot research topic in railways in recent years. The proposed control methods in the existing literature for virtually coupled train sets (VCTS) mainly try to operate train units with the constraint of maintaining a small gap distance, but pay insufficient attention to the needs in the entering station process, which affects the work of VCTS in a station and is thus one of the most important part of VCTS in unban rail transits. To fill this gap, this paper firstly proposes an unsynchronized stopping problem between the train units in a VCTS when entering a station, defines the concept and the calculation method of stopping time difference between the train units. Then, inspired by the multi-agent cooperative control methods in related fields, a cooperative control-based reference curve generating method for VCTS is proposed. Followed by it, a mathematical optimization model to generate the reference curves for the train units in a VCTS is formulated, and a reinforcement learning DQN (deep Q network) based algorithm is designed to solve this problem. Optimized reference curves for each train units are generated automatically, considering the global objects and all constraints of VCTS. Finally, based on the real data of trains and lines from Beijing Metro Line 11, numerical simulation experiments are conducted. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method which outperforms a commonly used control method of VCTS in the literature.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that is prone to occur in the middle-aged and elderly groups. It can erode articular cartilage and its affiliated organization, and seriously affect the life of patients. Hydrogels have good biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties. Functional hydrogels can make up for the shortcomings of short drug action time and the difficulties to cure OA in common therapy approaches. In this article, we review the recent advances of hydrogel as a carrier to treat osteoarthritis from the aspects of drug treatment of osteoarthritis, cartilage defect repair, and synovial fluid repair. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanism of drug release hydrogel, the mechanism of cartilage repair of cartilage defect repair hydrogel and the joint lubrication mechanism of joint lubrication hydrogel were discussed. On these bases, we also summarize the existing problems and propose further development direction of hydrogel in the treatment of OA.

Immune checkpoint antibody drugs have opened up a new era in the field of tumor treatment since the 20th century. In 2021, the global market share of antitumor monoclonal antibody drugs has reached 62 billion US dollars. In recent years, domestic enterprises have also accelerated their development in this field. However, a big gap still exists between these enterprises and international pharmaceutical giants. In this context, it is of vital significance to fully grasp the international research and development trends and the panorama of the R&D pipeline. The research topics of core articles in this research field in the past 10 years were analyzed, and the development trend of the field was revealed through the evolution of the research topics. Seven active research directions were identified. In-depth analysis of specific research directions was carried out through further data mining from professional databases and institutional websites. Comprehensive analysis indicated that three directions including the efficacy and safety surveillance of marketed antibody drugs and drug combination, new antibody drugs such as bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates, and new targets represented by 4-1BB have been the research hotspots and focuses in recent years. Adverse event monitoring of marketed drugs should be strengthened, and efforts should be stepped up to support the research and development of new antibody drugs.

Based on the relevant research literature of disc brake at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the commonly used disc brake models and brake noise research methods, and introduces the application range, advantages and disadvantages of the models and research methods. The control measures of brake friction noise are analyzed from the aspects of optimizing brake structure, changing brake parameters and active control. Finally, the future research direction of disc brake is prospected.

With the development of information technology, space-based information system has expanded the cyberspace from ground to natural space. As a result, cyberspace is becoming more and more complex. And the problem of network security is also increasingly serious. Therefore, how to display and analyze the situation of space-based information systems in cyberspace comprehensively and deeply has become an urgent problem to be solved. This research analyzes the current situation of space-based information network and summarizes the characteristics of cyberspace. For space-based information systems and based upon the existing theories and methods of cyberspace visualization, this research explores the mapping relationship between cyberspace and geographic space and proposes the content and technical path of cyberspace visualization from three aspects: information elements, topological relations, and security behaviors. Moreover, it constructs a cyberspace geographic graph. This research may provide technical support for cognizing cyberspace situation and maintaining network security of space-based information systems.

Breakthroughs of next-generation space nuclear power and propulsion technology will completely change the style of future space exploration missions. At present, the United States and Russia have accelerated their research and development processes of space nuclear power systems to keep their leading positions. This article outlines the classification and application scenarios of space nuclear power systems, summarizes the technology development processes and strategies of the US and Russia. Furthermore, the development trend of space nuclear power is analyzed. The results indicate that compared to the Cold War era, future space exploration missions have put forward new requirements for the power, flexibility, reliability, and safety of the nuclear power systems. The US and Russia attach great importance to the development of space nuclear power technology but there are differences in development strategies and technological routes. The US is conducting comprehensive research and development on radioisotope thermo-electric generator, space reactors, nuclear thermal propulsion systems, and nuclear electric propulsion systems, all driven by next-generation space capability development and deep space exploration projects. Russia, on the other hand, focuses on developing nuclear power propulsion spacecraft projects, taking its own advantages in nuclear power propulsion technology, with the intention of maintaining its competitiveness in the space field with limited resource investment.

We summarize Loo-Keng Hua's important update on economic optimization theory before his immortal death, which unfortunately fell asleep for 37 years and was not awakened until the end of 2021. Next, we introduce its subsequent progress, including one revision, one re-update, and five new developments: a new method for stability analysis; product (industry) level (ranking); prediction and adjustment; optimization of economic structure; efficient algorithms for reordering and large matrix principal eigenvalues (as well as the top 6 eigenvalues in major and minor order). It is rare that multiple transformations provide exactly the same unstable time and product. In the early years, the proof of the Hua's economic collapse theorem was based on the ergodic theorem of the Markov chain, and the recent results are all based on the transition probability matrix of the Markov chain, which may be seen as a new approach to economic optimization research. These achievements have been applied to one provincial-level and five national level input-output tables in China, testing the rationality and reliability of the theory.

From the early use of mathematical tools to explore the mechanism of neural activity, to the use of artificial neural network models to simulate human intelligence, to the solution of specific problems based on deep networks, AI has developed over the past 80 years and has now entered the era of foundation intelligence (FI), which is characterized by its foothold in large models, serving the broad social groups. The development of large models faces a series of challenges. First, the quality and quantity of data necessary for large models training need to be improved. Second, high-end computing resource is limited, and model training has high power consumption and high carbon emissions, which brings environmental problems. Third, it is the socialization of large models that brings about social development problems such as discrimination and prejudice, the spread of false information, invasion of privacy, and impact on employment. In order to overcome the aforementioned challenges, it is essential to build a federal ecosystem (including federal data, federal control, federal management and federal services) with support of block chain and decentralized autonomous organizations (TRUE+DAO, TAO), and provide solutions for the development of artificial intelligence in the new era.

With the rapid economic and social development, China's groundwater pollution becomes serious and urgently needs repairing. However, due to the diversity of pollution and complexity of hydrogeological conditions, many of the remediation techniques actually used are not the best option. At present, researchers have tried to establish and optimize the technical evaluation system of groundwater pollution remediation using a variety of evaluation methods, such as multi-criteria decision analysis method (MCDA), life cycle assessment method (LCA), cost-benefit analysis method (CBA), etc. Aiming at the problem that China still lacks perfect standards and legal norms to guide remediation decision-making this paper reviews the research progress of groundwater pollution remediation technology evaluation methods by means of literature research and compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different evaluation methods. The results show that MCDA has obvious advantages. In addition, when using AHP to construct the evaluation system, selection of evaluation indicators and determination of index weights have a significant impact on the evaluation results of groundwater remediation technology. In a word, in order to optimize the existing evaluation methods it is necessary to conduct more in-depth research on selection of evaluation indicators, determination of index weights, and organic combination of evaluation methods according to the actual situation in China.