Chiplet technology is a new generation of integrated circuit technology that has emerged in recent years. It has been widely recognized by the industry due to its excellent characteristics such as improving yield, breaking the limit of reticle size, flexibility in chip architecture, and standardization of IP supply chain. To further promote the development of chiplet technology in China, this article summarizes the application scenarios of chiplet technology, analyzes various core component technologies, elaborates on various technical challenges that may arise in the development of chiplet technology, reviews the development of China’s chiplet standards, and finally, puts forward some suggestions for the development of chiplet technology in China.

This article focuses on amorphous matters and reviews recent advances in amorphous materials and physics. More recently, more than 30% of the lunar soil collected by China's Chang'e-5 mission was found to be glassy, further confirming the widespread existence of amorphous matter in the universe. Topological order and inhomogeneity may be hidden behind the seemingly chaotic structure of amorphous materials, so amorphous matters have strange genetic, sensitive and relaxation behaviors, and show a series of excellent physical and chemical properties, such as extreme stability, super-plasticity, super mechanical behavior and excellent soft magnetic properties. The new generation of Zr-based and Fe-based amorphous alloys developed based on order regulation and high flux technology are successfully applied to core components such as folding mobile phone hinges and new energy vehicle motors, indicating that amorphous matters have irreplaceable application advantages. The future development of amorphous matters should focus on introducing a new paradigm of material research, attaching importance to the importance of process innovation, promoting the cross-integration of multi-disciplinary fields, giving full play to the advantages of advanced characterization technology and large scientific devices, and creating a whole-chain innovation model for production, university and research, so as to actively promote the rapid development of amorphous materials and physics, and expand the application of amorphous matters in high-tech fields. Make the future of mankind a better place.

The discovery of bilayer nickelate superconductor La₃Ni₂O₇ under high pressure has attracted worldwide attention, in which theoretical research plays a vital role. So far, theoretical calculations show that the two e_g Ni 3d_x2-y2 and 3d_z2 orbitals in La₃Ni₂O₇ are crucial to the formation of superconductivity, while the O₂ p orbital also appears on the Fermi surface. Multi-orbital models have been proposed based on the above analysis. Various calculations show that La₃Ni₂O₇ has a s^± wave pairing symmetry although other pairing symmetries can be obtained. Theoretical calculations shows that the superconducting mechanism is unconventional and closely related to antiferromagnetic fluctuation. The vacancy of apical oxygen has a significant impact on the occurrence of superconductivity. The discovery of trilayer nickelate superconductor La₄Ni₃O₁₀ under pressure has further enriched the family of nickelate superconductors. And its electronic band structure, multi-orbital model, superconducting pairing symmetry and so on have been investigated and explored theoretically.

In 2023 the development of large generative AI models achieved a series of breakthroughs. This paper reviews the key technologies of large models that have received significant attention, including the emergent abilities of large language model(LLM), development of multimodal LLMs, as well as alignment and knowledge enhancement techniques of large models. The paper also introduces the vertical applications of generative AI in various fields such as healthcare and education, and its role in advancing the development of AI agents and metaverse technologies. Additionally, the challenges and developmental trends in generative AI are discussed, including issues related to data privacy, biased values, copyright disputes, and fake news propagation.

In view of the spectrum planning of China's carrier rocket, the positioning, rocket generation and scale divi-sion of carrier rocket system are put forward, and the focus of carrier rocket type spectrum planning is the third and 3.5 generations of medium and large disposable carrier rockets, as well as the fourth generation of reusable carrier rockets. This paper analyzes the technical development demand and capability development demand of the carrier rockets, and defines the power matching, rocket configuration, launch cost, carrying capacity, payload envelope and launch capacity of the carrier rockets. According to the technical developmen-tal needs and capability needs of the launch vehicles, 7 kinds of launch vehicles of the third generation ex-pendable launch vehicle spectrum, 6 kinds of launch vehicles of the 3.5 generation expendable launch vehicle spectrum, and 2 kinds of launch vehicles of the fourth generation reusable launch vehicle spectrum are pro-posed, respectively. Meanwhile, the evolution and replacement strategy of the second, third, 3.5 and fourth generations are proposed, namely the second launch vehicle is suggested to use until around year 2030, the third launch vehicle is suggested to use until around 2035, and the 3.5 and fourth generation launch vehicles are suggested to use around 2045 when the second and third generation launch vehicles are finally replaced.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has become an emerging platform technology for achieving mechano-electrical energy conversion, with huge application potentials in a variety of fields. For the past decade, through extensive efforts, significant progress on the research of TENG has been made worldwide, including both fundamental scientific research and application technology of TENGs. Therefore, this article aims to review the representative achievements of TENGs in fundamental findings and technological innovations and look forward to the faster development of TENGs.

In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence has had an important impact on mental health services such as psychological counseling and psychological assessment. In this paper the accuracy and methods of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment as well as ethical issues are reviewed. Based on the development of multi-modal and psychological intervention technology, the future application research of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment is forecast. It is believed that the application of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment in the future will pay more attention to individual needs and interdisciplinary cooperation. It will be more widely used in information collection, data analysis, humancomputer interaction technology, and non-invasive regulatory technology cooperation, and the ethical research of artificial intelligence will play a more important role in the future.

Guided by the dual carbon goal, the green and low-carbon transformation of China's energy industry has become an inevitable requirement. This study clarifies the challenges of the development of renewable energy, summarizes the typical operating modes of developing renewable energy businesses based on traditional energy businesses of the current energy industry. In addition, an in-depth analysis is conducted on the relevant issues caused by the rapid development of the renewable energy industry, and corresponding suggestions are put forward to ensure the effectiveness of energy industry investment in renewable energy assets. Furthermore, this study clarifies the development direction of the integration of renewable energy and oil gas production and provides decision-making references for the high-quality synergy development of renewable energy and traditional energy businesses under the dual carbon goal.

Living heart, an emerging technology that integrates virtual reality (VR) with cardiac research, employs computational methods to simulate the physiological and pathological characteristics of heart, effectively replicating the real-time activities of a live-heart in terms of morphology, structure, and function. In this paper, the research progress of the key technologies of living heart in the visualization of cardiac anatomy, cardiac electrophysiological simulation model, and virtual heart organ-level coupling model is reviewed. The application prospect of living heart in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis, cardiovascular disease drug development, medical device research and development, medical teaching and clinical training is expected to provide new ideas for the realization of precision treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

This paper starts from the perspective of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction, and deeply analyzes the realistic foundation of China's green and low-carbon food production, the main problems faced, and proposes optimization paths. The paper points out that the guidance and support of national policies, the improvement of technological progress and innovation capabilities, and the transformation of market demand are key to promoting the green and low-carbon development of food production. However, there are also issues such as the need for further clarification of policies, the need to strengthen the awareness and ability of producers to reduce pollution and carbon emissions, and technological bottlenecks. To address these issues, the paper proposes optimization strategies including the formulation of a pollution and carbon reduction roadmap, the cultivation of producers' awareness, the strengthening of technological innovation and promotion, and the establishment of a green and low-carbon value realization mechanism. These measures aim to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the green and low-carbon transformation and sustainable development of food production.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an effective extracorporeal life support measure that played a crucial role in the treatment of critically patients with COVID-19. However, its core component, oxygenation membrane for ECMO, has been monopolized by foreign countries for a long time. This study used the Incopat and retrieved form it the patents in the field of oxygenated membranes for ECMO worldwide, which were then analyzied as the original data to disclose the trend and trajectory of technology development, the layout of global market and technology from the perspective of patents. The result shows that COVID-19 has stimulated the development of technology. China becomes the world's third largest source and distribution of patent applications in the field as well as an important target market, but its high-value patents account for a small proportion. Except for a few patents related to membrane preparation and its device, membrane modification, and membrane module, most of the Chinese patents involve the optimal design of oxygenator and related auxiliary technologies, and most of them are utility model patents. The preparation method and optimization process of hollow fiber membrane for ECMO, new polymer materials, membrane modification and composite membrane research are the current hot research topics. Recently Chinese patents reported the preparation technology of PMP hollow fiber membranes for ECMO and related devices, which are expected to achieve a breakthrough in the preparation technology of high-performance PMP hollow fiber membranes. Innovations can be made for the existing defects of polymer material synthesis technology and membrane preparation technology. Meanwhile, it is necessary to increase the research of biocompatibility modification technology and find new materials with better performance to achieve technological breakthrough. Promoting the localization of oxygenation membranes for ECMO will help the localization of ECMO systems.

新一代信息技术作为智能互联技术体系的关键要素，重构了智能制造价值链，为智能制造质量管理提供了新范式。结合中国智能制造发展实际情况，分析了新一代信息技术背景下智能制造质量管理的新趋势与新需求。概述了质量4.0的基本理论，拓展了质量4.0中价值链的含义，并通过内部价值链、产业价值链与相关方价值链3个维度构建了基于质量4.0的智能制造全价值链质量管理模式，以促进质量4.0理论与方法在智能制造质量管理实践中落地。

Deep space exploration embodies comprehensive national power and has become the commanding height of science and technology competition among the world's space powers. Deep space resource utilization is the key frontier of international deep space exploration,in which the utilization of matter resources is of great significance for humanity's space expansion. This paper introduces the connotation of deep space resource and summarizes the significance of its utilization. Focusing on matter resources, this paper investigates the state-of-the-art research on the volatile extraction and utilization, atmospheric resource utilization, mineral resource extraction and refining, and in-situ manufacturing and construction on planetary surfaces. Finally,this paper offers an outlook for the trends in utilization deep space matter resources, paving the way for the future research in deep space exploration.

As the main field for carbon emission reduction, megacities play a key role in the green transformation process. Based on the dual challenges of high-quality development and "Dual-Carbon" goals of megacities, this paper focuses on the two levels of carbon reduction and carbon fixation, systematically builds the method for the target of "Carbon Peak and Neutrality" with the joint promotion of energy transformation and resources efficiency as well as the mutual support of carbon sequestration technology innovation and ecological carbon sink, carries out the strategy research based on the low-carbon transformation of energy structure, resilient development of urban upgrade, quality improvement of ecological system and green reconstruction of transportation system, and aims to provide valuable reference in regard of the promoting low-carbon development of megacities and realizing the national strategic goal of "Dual-Carbon".

The numbers of extreme weather and climate events in many parts of the world are increasing due to climate change, and this phenomenon will become more frequent and severe. A complete and reliable climate observation series over long-time scale is an important basis for interpreting climate change and evaluating model simulation performance. It is also a reliable observation basis for deeply and systematically detecting the characteristics of global, regional or local extreme climate change and predicting the future trend of climate change. In this paper, some important research achievements are summarized, which have been recently made in construction of long-term climate observation series on global, regional and local scales at home and abroad. Several global surface temperature and precipitation climate datasets and their important values for the science of climate change are analyzed. Moreover, technologies and key scientific problems in constructing climate observation series over long-time scale that need to be improved and solved urgently are also discussed. Results indicate that some progress has been made in construction technology of climate observation series over long-time scale for supporting the development of climate change operations. However, there are still some main problems that need to be solved in view of the urgent need of data supply capacity under new situation, i. e., enriching the types of the observed elements, restoring the integrity of historical data, improving the quality of data products, and refining the spatial scale of the object and the temporal scale of the elements. Therefore, a scientific basis can be provided for further enhancing the application value of precious long-term climate observations in meteorological service guarantee and scientific and technological innovation in China.

The pioneering breakthroughs in materials continue to trigger explosive growth in high-tech and emerging industries.Advanced materials have become a key area of focus and development for countries to seize the technological commanding elevation, and are a fundamental and leading industry for economic and social development. The development of advanced materials determines the level of development in high-tech, emerging industries, high-end manufacturing and major engineering.This paper systematically analyzes the current development status of advanced materials field in China, summarizes major technology plans and development system capabilities, and proposes strategic directions and policy measures for the future development in advanced materials field of China.

智能建造数字化平台作为建筑行业数字化转型的关键支撑，在建筑信息模型（BIM）、云计算和大数据等核心技术的驱动下实现了突破性发展。从相关研究总体特征、相关研究现状和平台案例分析3个维度对2010—2023年的相关研究进行分析。研究发现，BIM技术通过三维可视化建模和全生命周期数据管理构建了平台的基础框架；云计算技术凭借其弹性计算资源和分布式处理能力为平台提供了强大的技术支撑；大数据技术则通过实时数据分析和智能决策优化了工程管理流程。以北京城市副中心项目为例，该平台创新性地采用“环状”数字集成交付模式，整合区块链数据确权技术，实现了政府投资项目设计-施工-运维全过程的数字化协同管理，有效解决了传统工程管理中的“三超”问题。然而当前研究仍存在明显局限，比如应用场景主要集中于单体项目层面，缺乏行业级系统整合；技术标准体系尚未统一，制约了数据互联互通；人工智能等新兴技术的融合应用研究相对不足。未来发展方向应着重于构建产业级集成平台，推动规模化应用；建立统一的技术标准和数据接口规范；深化人工智能、数字孪生等创新技术与传统建造技术的融合应用；探索数据资产交易机制，促进数据要素市场化。

From the early use of mathematical tools to explore the mechanism of neural activity, to the use of artificial neural network models to simulate human intelligence, to the solution of specific problems based on deep networks, AI has developed over the past 80 years and has now entered the era of foundation intelligence (FI), which is characterized by its foothold in large models, serving the broad social groups. The development of large models faces a series of challenges. First, the quality and quantity of data necessary for large models training need to be improved. Second, high-end computing resource is limited, and model training has high power consumption and high carbon emissions, which brings environmental problems. Third, it is the socialization of large models that brings about social development problems such as discrimination and prejudice, the spread of false information, invasion of privacy, and impact on employment. In order to overcome the aforementioned challenges, it is essential to build a federal ecosystem (including federal data, federal control, federal management and federal services) with support of block chain and decentralized autonomous organizations (TRUE+DAO, TAO), and provide solutions for the development of artificial intelligence in the new era.

With the promotion of "dual carbon" strategy, China is ushering in a critical period of the socio-economic green transformation. Gradual changes from traditional processes with high energy consumption and emission to green processes with low energy consumption and zero emission are driven by the innovation of energy technology. This paper mainly reviews the media role of hydrogen energy in the green and low-carbon transformations of the hard-to-decarbonize industries and introduces the key technological breakthroughs in the energy field. Finally, prospects for the construction of a multi-energy integration, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system are presented.

Steady high magnetic field is a very important tool for frontier researches. Many advanced countries have developed high field magnet technologies and built high magnetic field facilities to create research conditions. The applications of high magnetic field on scientific researches have promoted the development of many disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, material science, bioscience，etc. There are three kinds of steady magnets, namely water-cooled magnets, superconducting magnets and hybrid magnets. Water-cooled magnets can create very high magnetic field rapidly, but with large power consumption. Superconducting magnets have much lower power consumption and the volume and weight of the magnets are much smaller. However, the maximum field of current superconducting magnets is not as high as that of the water-cooled magnets. Hybrid magnets use superconducting coils to replace the outer coils of a water-cooled magnet. So they can create a higher field with lower power consumption compared to water-cooled magnets. This paper briefly introduces the above magnet technologies, reviews their development history and discusses their development perspectives.

Transformation of scientific and technological achievements is the key to the implementation of "science and technology being the primary productive force", and the core content of the combination of science and technology and economy. Starting from the underlying logic of economic society and scientific and technological innovation, this paper explains the transformation of scientific and technological achievements from the perspective of the integration of innovation chain and industrial chain. On this basis, several major problems existing in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements are deeply analyzed. Finally, to speed up the construction of scientific and technological achievements transformation system and break China's science and technology economy "two skins" problem, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward in terms of system mechanism, science and technology finance, new research and development institutions, common technology platform, and professional talent system.

With the advantages of safety, economy and environmental friendliness, magnetic confinement fusion energy is an ideal strategic energy for the future and can make a significant contribution to the realization of the "double carbon" goal. Magnetic confinement fusion uses magnetic field to confine and fuse deuterium and tritium fuels in the form of plasma, which is considered to be a promising solution to the energy problem of mankind and a long-term goal for the development of nuclear energy in China. At present, China is actively participating in the construction of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), supporting domestic physics and engineering research, and designing the Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR), with the goal of obtaining fusion energy on the basis of absorbing and digesting ITER experience. This article addresses both opportunities and challenges for fusion energy development which is very difficult and requires long-term sustained research.

在量子信息技术与信息通信技术融合背景下，面向提升信息通信安全性和便携性的迫切需求，采用了理论分析和实际应用案例结合的方式，探讨了量子保密通信与5G融合的探索实践，展示了量子保密通信在5G网络中的融合策略与应用成效。量子保密通信正携手5G在承载网络、网络切片等基础设施层面探索融合，同时催生出量子加密通话、量子加密对讲等融合创新应用。展望了量子保密通信与5G融合的未来发展：随着量子保密通信和5G在基础设施、应用场景等方面不断深度融合，将共同构筑高速泛在、自主可控的数字基础设施，为数字经济的蓬勃发展提供坚实而强大的安全保障，有力推动产业数字化转型升级，助力数字经济持续发展。

In 2023 the ransomware virus still threatened the security of global industrial control systems(ICSs), intensified geopolitical conflicts made the ICS become an important battlefield for hostile cyberattacks, and the supply chain once again became the soft underbelly of ICSs. Fortunately, much more attention was paid to ICS security and large-scale exercises were carried out by countries worldwide. Besides, there were many documents launched by authorities for ICS policies and standards.For techniques, vulnerabilities were newly found and the defense approaches were evolving. Specifically, the software and hardware vulnerabilities were still the unavoidable weakness of ICSs. The“living-off-the-land attack”did not use vulnerabilities but enabled“low-cost, big threat”operations over ICSs. Besides, there were novel attacks such as deep lateral move attack on the control level, the PLC ransomware virus, and the attack toolkit Pipedream. Security vendors and research institutions launched security-specific monitoring platforms for ICSs, produced the trustful DCS, developed the forensics tools, proposed the lightweight cryptographic algorithms, and designed zero trust mechanism sensors. The idea of“secure by design”was gradually taken into the design of ICSs. There were also advanced researches on runtime PLC security testing, protocol implementation correctness testing, protocol reverse analysis, and attack detection. The emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence,digital twin, and large language model, brought opportunities to the ICS security. Moreover, the ICS security had spillover to satellite systems, and the Europe and US began to prepare for the battlefield of cyber warfare in the space.

Recently, the power industry has vigorously carried out the construction of smart grids; integration and application of new technologies has become a trend in the development of smart grids. Based on the actual business needs of the power grid side, this paper studies and designs an intelligent electricity platform by integrating edge computing and blockchain on a traditional platform, which changes the original centralized mode to decentralized mode, reduces cloud computing load, network pressure, and improves power data acquisition and efficient application capabilities by sinking acquisition and computing pressure, At the same time, edge computing is enabled by blockchain technology to achieve collaboration, security, trustworthiness and data sharing. This platform can achieve high real-time electricity cost calculation, electricity inspection, line loss analysis, voltage quality monitoring, and other lean electricity management needs, better serving the construction of modern power supply service systems and diverse interactive electricity systems.

Food safety is directly related to human health and safety, thus the development of food safety testing and related safety materials has become a research hotspot in the field of food safety. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) material, due to their good optical stability and high sensitivity, plays an important role in the field of food safety. based on the introduction of the properties of AIE material, the relationship between its structure and AIE performance was discussed, the application of AIE in the field of food safety was also reviewed, including its application in the detection of foodborne pathogens, pesticide and veterinary drug residues, heavy metals, food additives, as well as its application in food quality assessment and food packaging materials. It can be predicted that the accurate design of AIE material structure and the effective regulation of luminous properties can further expand the application range of new AIE fluorescent materials in the field of food safety.

深入探讨了大科学装置在推动人类知识创新进程中的核心作用，特别聚焦于稳态强磁场实验装置（SHMFF）这一实例，剖析了其在达成科学目标、驱动知识创新、促进产业升级、加强国际合作与交流以及吸引高端人才等多个维度上的显著贡献。SHMFF通过构建高场磁体集群，为物理、化学、材料、生物学等多学科前沿研究提供先进实验条件，支撑用户取得系列高水平成果。其衍生技术广泛应用于高端装备制造、药物研发等领域，有效促进区域经济发展。同时，SHMFF坚持开放共享理念，通过国际合作在生物、材料等领域取得多项突破，促进知识共享。SHMFF的成功实践验证了大科学装置对知识创新的推动作用，也为中国优化大科学装置布局、提升设施先进性提供了重要参考。未来，持续建设和完善大科学装置体系，将成为推动知识创新和科技进步的重要战略支撑。

Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D), characterized by chronic and recurrent diarrhea and abdominal pain associated with defecation, is a common subtype of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in China, which seriously affects the quality of patient life.Previous investigation showed that Xingpi capsule is effective in the treatment of IBS but lacks clinical research evidence to provide reference for rational drug use.This study adopted a patient-centered prospective design, and systematically collected and analyzed population characteristics, disease improvement after taking Xingpi capsule in a real clinical diagnosis and treatment environment, as well as patient satisfaction and other information.The aim is to provide realworld evidence for rational drug use by clinicians and to provide reference for the design of clinical research elements for validation study of Xingpi capsule for IBS-D treatment in the absence of clinical evidence.This study observed and analyzed 28 symptom scores, major symptom group scores, gastrointestinal symptom rating scale(GSRS) scores and adverse events of 326 patients treated with Xipi capsule from Oct 2021 to Oct 2022.The results were as follows.Patients with IBS-D were more female than male (about 1.35 times), the proportion of young patients was relatively high (52.76%), and 90.80% of the patients were treated with Xingpi capsule alone.On the first day of treatment, the total symptom score, the major symptom cluster score and the insomnia symptom score were significantly improved (P<0.001), the GSRS score was significantly improved on the third day (P<0.001).Among the 326 patients, 99.08% were satisfied with the therapeutic effect of Xingpi capsule, and 6 (1.84%) had adverse events, including 1 case of nausea, 2 cases of stomach discomfort, 1 case of constipation, 1 case of dry mouth, and 1 case of upper abdominal discomfort.All six patients experienced discomfort within three days of taking the capsule, and discomfort disappeared after two to three days of continuing taking the pill.After 14 days of observation, Xingpi capsule could be used to treat young, middle-aged and elderly IBS-D; and clinical single drug effect was good.It could improve gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, esophageal reflux and abnormal stool in patients with IBS-D, and treat the main symptoms of IBS-D within 2 days, with good safety and high patient satisfaction.

In order to better play the role of agricultural engineering in ensuring food security, this article analyzes the different contributions of various branches of agricultural engineering, and proposes key directions for the development of agricultural engineering in China according to the constraints of resources, environment, and ecology faced by food production in China. The contributions of various branches of agricultural engineering in ensuring food security are as follows: agricultural mechanization improves labor production efficiency and ensures the planting area of grain; agricultural soil and water engineering ensures the safety of soil and water resources; land consolidation engineering ensures the quantity and quality of cultivated land; agricultural biological environmental engineering implements intensive production without competing with grain for land; rural energy and environmental engineering reduces environmental pollution; agricultural product processing engineering reduces grain loss and seed processing increases grain production. The key development directions of agricultural engineering technology are as follows： playing a comprehensive and collaborative role in promoting the construction of high standard farmland, improving the level of agricultural mechanization and informatization, improving agricultural product processing technology, promoting seed industry engineering, developing ecological agricultural engineering, and improving farmland infrastructure construction. Food security is a comprehensive project, and the coordinated implementation of agricultural engineering technology can provide technical support and necessary guarantees for China's food security.

Emergency food is a category of food used to replenish nutrients and calories to sustain human body during emergency events，and its nutritional safety, processing and packaging, storage and distribution characteristics are significantly different from the conventional food. This paper introduces the current situation of emergency food product development, storage,transportation, processing and packaging technologies，and concludes with the typical features, development trends, and existing problems of the emergency food. Moreover, this paper envisions the future research and development strategies, processing tactics, and safety testing methods for emergency food with the objective of providing favourable recommendations for improving the development of emergency food.