Developing new energy vehicles and promoting industrialization of new energy vehicles are of great significance for solving the problems of high pollution, high energy consumption, and high emissions of traditional fuel vehicles. Taking new energy vehicle as the research object this paper comprehensively analyzes the current industrial and technological development status of new energy vehicles from the development background of new energy vehicles, the whole vehicle, and the three-electric system. It is pointed out that Chian's new energy vehicles have issues such as imperfect infrastructure construction, low battery recycling rate, and lack of mastery of key technologies of basic devices. Therefore, this paper aims to provide reference for the future development direction and planning of new energy vehicle technology and industry.

Electron beam lithography plays an irreplaceable role in applications such as high precision mask manufacturing, prototype device research and development, small volume production and fundamental scientific research. So breakthrough in advanced domestic electron beam lithography system is an urgent task in the context of foreign embargo. In this review, we introduce the development process of electron beam lithography systems, list the main manufacturers and latest system parameters of three most popular kinds of system in scientific research and industry, and summarize the progress of electron beam lithography system in China. In comparison with the technical parameters of foreign electron beam lithography systems, the key issues that need to be solved in domestic development are summarized. Among them, the challenges of realizing advanced domestic Gaussian electron beam lithography system are emphatically described, including thermal field emission electron gun, high acceleration voltage, high frequency pattern generator, high precision laser interferometer detection technology, and high precision electron beam deflection compensation technology. This review may provide a technical route reference for advanced domestic electron beam lithography system.

Optics and photonics has penetrated into all aspects of people's life since the birth of laser. This article starts with the 2022 major progress in the field of optics and photonics and draws up an inventory in the future in ten optical research directions. The related research may likely have enormous impact on human existence and way of life in the future.

In order to provide useful guidance for further improvement of AI ethics, this paper analyzes the current development trend of AI ethics researches in China. The relevant literature in China is reviewed, focusing on four research topics, including the development process of AI ethics, the governance of ethical risk, and the ethical responsibility of the main body. The causes of ethical problems are analyzed, and an analysis framework is constructed. Through the review, some limitations in the domestic researches are revealed, such as the disconnect between theory and practice, the lack of systematicness, the obsolescence of research direction, and the imbalance of research objects. In view of the above problems, according to the trend of AI ethical governance in China, and focusing on the forefront of AI technology, some suggestions are made: emphasizing that theories should be linked to practice, encouraging the systematic researches of disciplines, promoting the innovation of ethical research, and promoting the balance of research objects. Following the guidance of these four aspects, this paper proposes to build an AI ethics system with Chinese characteristics and promote the research of AI ethics.

Chiplet technology is a new generation of integrated circuit technology that has emerged in recent years. It has been widely recognized by the industry due to its excellent characteristics such as improving yield, breaking the limit of reticle size, flexibility in chip architecture, and standardization of IP supply chain. To further promote the development of chiplet technology in China, this article summarizes the application scenarios of chiplet technology, analyzes various core component technologies, elaborates on various technical challenges that may arise in the development of chiplet technology, reviews the development of China’s chiplet standards, and finally, puts forward some suggestions for the development of chiplet technology in China.

With the development of the information technology era, metaverse has gradually become the third internet revolution, and the metaverse terminal is an important component of it. This article describes the development trends and key technologies of the hardware part of the metaverse terminal in terms of micro displays, optical systems, and perceptual interactions. In terms of the micro display technology, two technologies, silicon based OLED and MicroLED, are mainly discussed; in terms of optical systems, the main topics discussed are surface relief grating waveguide technology, volume holographic waveguide technology, and metasurface waveguide technology; in terms of perceptual interaction, the interaction technology of gesture recognition and EEG recognition is mainly discussed.

The recent advances made by graph-based deep learning have demonstrated its great potential in processing non-Euclidean structured data, and a large number of research efforts have attempted to apply graph embeddings or graph neural networks to vulnerability detection. This survey systematically investigates the vulnerability detection based on graph deep learning. Firstly, we summarize the four main stages of the vulnerability detection process, including data set, graph data preparation, graph deep learning model construction, and result evaluation. Then, starting from the effectiveness of graph-based deep learning vulnerability detection, we respectively expound the research results based on code patterns, code similarity and specific application scenarios. Finally, by sorting out and summarizing the existing research works, we analyze the challenges and foresee the trends in this research field.

In January 2023, the latest report of American Cancer Statistics in 2023 was published in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. This report elaborated on the cancer prevalence in America under the COVID-19 pandemic for the first time, described the secular trends in the burden of major cancers, and projected the cancer cases and deaths in 2023. We analyzed the pattern of cancers distribution by geographic area, time, and characteristics of the populations in China and America according to systematical interpretation of the report combined with the cancer statistics in China. We also summarized the current challenges in the development of cancer prevention and control system in China, and provided insights for its construction depending on assessing advancements and underlying reasons of that in America.

In 2023 the development of large generative AI models achieved a series of breakthroughs. This paper reviews the key technologies of large models that have received significant attention, including the emergent abilities of large language model(LLM), development of multimodal LLMs, as well as alignment and knowledge enhancement techniques of large models. The paper also introduces the vertical applications of generative AI in various fields such as healthcare and education, and its role in advancing the development of AI agents and metaverse technologies. Additionally, the challenges and developmental trends in generative AI are discussed, including issues related to data privacy, biased values, copyright disputes, and fake news propagation.

The discovery of bilayer nickelate superconductor La₃Ni₂O₇ under high pressure has attracted worldwide attention, in which theoretical research plays a vital role. So far, theoretical calculations show that the two e_g Ni 3d_x2-y2 and 3d_z2 orbitals in La₃Ni₂O₇ are crucial to the formation of superconductivity, while the O₂ p orbital also appears on the Fermi surface. Multi-orbital models have been proposed based on the above analysis. Various calculations show that La₃Ni₂O₇ has a s^± wave pairing symmetry although other pairing symmetries can be obtained. Theoretical calculations shows that the superconducting mechanism is unconventional and closely related to antiferromagnetic fluctuation. The vacancy of apical oxygen has a significant impact on the occurrence of superconductivity. The discovery of trilayer nickelate superconductor La₄Ni₃O₁₀ under pressure has further enriched the family of nickelate superconductors. And its electronic band structure, multi-orbital model, superconducting pairing symmetry and so on have been investigated and explored theoretically.

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has become an emerging platform technology for achieving mechano-electrical energy conversion, with huge application potentials in a variety of fields. For the past decade, through extensive efforts, significant progress on the research of TENG has been made worldwide, including both fundamental scientific research and application technology of TENGs. Therefore, this article aims to review the representative achievements of TENGs in fundamental findings and technological innovations and look forward to the faster development of TENGs.

Brain science is regarded as the "ultimate frontier" to understand the relationship between universe, nature and human beings, and human beings have never stopped exploring human brain and imitating its mechanism. In the past few centuries, human beings have gained certain understanding of the anatomical structure of human brain and unique functions of each part of the human brain, but its information processing mechanism, the formation of intelligence and other issues need to be further explored. At the same time, it is of great significance to investigate the information processing way of human brain to the study of brain-like intelligence, which plays an important role in expansion and application of human intelligence and is the next goal of AI. Based on extensive research on brain science and brain-like intelligence research at home and abroad, this paper addresses some key scientific issues from a perspective of AI technology in terms of brain information processing mechanism driven by big data, human intelligence formation mechanism based on multiple brain regions collaboration, development mechanism of brain diseases with multi-marker linkage and the mechanism of brain-like depth computing based on multi-modal fusion. It is also suggested to strengthen brain science and brain-like intelligence research from the aspects of interdisciplinary integration, industry-university-research cooperation promotion, international exchange and sharing, strategic planning and deployment, training of scientific talents and so on.

As Moore's law approaches to the limit, "More than Moore" for 2.5D/3D packaging is entering its historical arena. Through silicon via (TSV) is one of the important representatives in high-end electronics advanced packaging. This paper focuses on the copper plating process which realizes electrical interconnection in TSV technology and systematically summarizes the composition of the formula of copper plating solutions. The key difficulty of the copper plating process lies in the defect-free filling of TSV, and the selection of additives is particularly important. A guide for selection of electroplating solution for TSV metallization electroplating process is then provided. In addition, the external electric field and other process conditions imposed on the plating solution during the plating process will also affect the quality of filling vias. Therefore, TSV copper plating processes of the research teams at home and abroad are summarized for selection of a copper plating process. Finally, the characterization methods for studying the action mechanism of additives in electroplating solutions based on computational simulation and electrochemical testing are briefly summarized, and the progress and shortcomings of current research methods on additives in electroplating solution are discussed.

This paper summarizes the application of robotics in the three aspects of rail transit, i.e., equipment manu-facturing, maintenance inspection, and operation services. Combined with the development status of intel-ligent robot technology in this field, we summarize the key technology and challenges of robots. Thus to propose the future direction of the cooperation of robotics and rail transit.

Nuclear technology is widely used in industry, agriculture, medicine, public security, environmental protection and other fields, and plays an important role in the development of national economy This article focuses on the nuclear technology application filed concerning ray producing devices, radioisotope technologies and nuclear detection technology, and overviews the overseas and domestic status and development trend in terms of electron accelerators, proton/heavy ion accelerators, neutron generators, radioisotope production devices, radiopharmaceuticals, radioactive source and nuclear detection technologies. Meanwhile, the development of ray device and radioisotope technology is prospected.

This article focuses on amorphous matters and reviews recent advances in amorphous materials and physics. More recently, more than 30% of the lunar soil collected by China's Chang 'e-5 mission was found to be glassy, further confirming the widespread existence of amorphous matter in the universe. Topological order and inhomogeneity may be hidden behind the seemingly chaotic structure of amorphous materials, so amorphous matters have strange genetic, sensitive and relaxation behaviors, and show a series of excellent physical and chemical properties, such as extreme stability, super-plasticity, super mechanical behavior and excellent soft magnetic properties. The new generation of Zr-based and Fe-based amorphous alloys developed based on order regulation and high flux technology are successfully applied to core components such as folding mobile phone hinges and new energy vehicle motors, indicating that amorphous matters have irreplaceable application advantages. The future development of amorphous matters should focus on introducing a new paradigm of material research, attaching importance to the importance of process innovation, promoting the cross-integration of multi-disciplinary fields, giving full play to the advantages of advanced characterization technology and large scientific devices, and creating a whole-chain innovation model for production, university and research, so as to actively promote the rapid development of amorphous materials and physics, and expand the application of amorphous matters in high-tech fields. Make the future of mankind a better place.

Hot spots in global space science and exploration emerged frequently in 2022. This paper summarizes significant accomplishments in the five disciplines of space science, namely astrophysics, heliophysics, planetary science, earth science, and biological and physical sciences in space. James Webb Space Telescope and its first batch of groundbreaking images became the highlight of the year. The representative achievements of space science missions of various countries are listed, in which the breakthroughs by missions under CAS's Strategic Priority Program on Space Science and the research of Chang'e-5 sample are particularly impressive. Manned spaceflight has provided an important platform for space science and exploration. The construction of China's space station (CSS) completed at late 2022, which has attracted worldwide attention, and CSS is preparing to host 1,000 scientific experiments in the coming 10 years. The space science long-term planning and national space strategies of space powers are presented, and the space missions in 2023 are also prospected in the end of the review.

On the basis of analyzing the connotation, system architecture, typical characteristics and main classifications of advanced manufacturing technology, the paper systematically summarizes the technological innovation paths and technological advantages of advanced manufacturing industries at home and abroad, such as the United States, Germany, Japan and China. Under the background of promoting the construction of a manufacturing power, and in combination with the world development trends, the paper puts forward suggestions for the high-quality development of China's advanced manufacturing industry in terms of promoting intelligent manufacturing, strengthening basic scientific research, laying out internationally leading state laboratories and innovation centers, and building an independent leading manufacturing industry cluster, with a view to providing theoretical and practical reference for domestic scholars in this field.

Graph neural network (GNN) is another major development after convolutional neural network, and it belongs to an emerging deep learning method in the field of artificial intelligence. It mainly preserves the topological information in graph data through end-to-end learning from graph to prediction, and overcomes the defect that traditional deep learning cannot be applied to non-Euclidean data. This paper demonstrates the advantages of GNN for processing complex non-Euclidean data through the application progress of GNN in brain-related mental and nervous system diseases. GNN shows great potential in the medical field, furthermore, the network structure of the syndrome differentiation system of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is similar to the structure of the brain active area, and it is highly compatible with the schematic unstructured data processed by GNN, so GNN has great application prospect in the field of TCM. This article summarizes the application of GNN in the field of TCM and brain-related mental and nervous system diseases, and analyzes the advantages of TCM diagnosis and treatment models from the theoretical level, in order to explore and build a GNN-based model for fitting with the thinking mode of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" and realizing the objective diagnosis in TCM. It provides new means for solving the problems of complex relationship representation in TCM and mining the individual characteristics of patients. And it also provides a favorable tool for revealing the potential mechanism of TCM from multiple perspectives, and developing and improving the science of TCM.

As an intelligent upgradation of traditional agricultural machinery, intelligent agricultural machinery is an important part and material basis for the development of intelligent agriculture. In this paper we summarize the domestic and foreign intelligent agricultural machinery related policies, technology, and industrial development status. Then we analyze the challenges in terms of core technology, common basic standards, digital infrastructure, enterprise competitiveness, talent laws and regulations, and other aspects of China's intelligent agricultural machinery development In order to promote the high-quality development of China's agricultural machinery industry, we propose to accelerate the comprehensive strength and competitiveness of intelligent agricultural machinery equipment by accelerating key core technology research, strengthening the construction of standard detection system, increasing the appropriate mechanization and digital transformation, cultivating and developing high-quality enterprises, and creating a good ecological environment.

Ultrafast science employs ultrafast light sources and ultrafast measurement as the main approaches to understand, apply and control macroscopic matter through the measurement and manipulation of ultrafast kinetic processes of microscopic particles. As one of the most important frontiers in international science and technology, the development of ultrafast science will provide an important impetus for original innovation in numerous disciplines. Its breakthroughs will help to address many important issues related to the vital national needs and public health. This paper focuses on the research of ultrafast laser technology, ultrafast measurement technology and ultrafast dynamics in ultrafast science, mainly introducing their development status, frontier application and future prospect. In-depth analysis of the problems facing the development of ultrafast science in China is provided, and specific recommendations are proposed to promote its development, including strengthening top-level design, promoting industrialization, improving the evaluation mechanism for talent cultivation, supporting major scientific and technological infrastructures, and participating in international big science programs.

Magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials have the advantages of high hydrogen storage capacity, abundant magnesium resources and low cost, and are considered to be of promising application prospects. In recent years, numerous researches have focused on improving the performance of hydrogen supply by pyrolysis/hydrolysis of MgH₂ and many good achievements have been obtained. Based on the recent research progress, this paper summarizes the effects of the material/ structure modification and the reaction conditions on pyrolysis/hydrolysis performance of the magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials, and expounds the relationship between composition-microstructure-properties of solid Mg-based hydrogen storage materials. Meanwhile, the Mg-based hydrogen storage systems and their industrial applications are summarized. At last, the current results of the solid state Mg-based hydrogen storage are summarized and some suggestions for the future investigations are proposed.

Guided by the dual carbon goal, the green and low-carbon transformation of China's energy industry has become an inevitable requirement. This study clarifies the challenges of the development of renewable energy, summarizes the typical operating modes of developing renewable energy businesses based on traditional energy businesses of the current energy industry. In addition, an in-depth analysis is conducted on the relevant issues caused by the rapid development of the renewable energy industry, and corresponding suggestions are put forward to ensure the effectiveness of energy industry investment in renewable energy assets. Furthermore, this study clarifies the development direction of the integration of renewable energy and oil gas production and provides decision-making references for the high-quality synergy development of renewable energy and traditional energy businesses under the dual carbon goal.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things and big data, etc., the smart home enters the Era 3.0, which profoundly relies on user-based big data mining and deep learning. At present, smart interaction, intelligent perception, and complex decision-making in the smart home urgently need new supporting technologies and methods. This paper integrated a large amount of frontier research worldwide and summarized and refined the three elements required for the future smart home: "perception" "thinking" and "execution". This paper began with an overview of the frontier platforms for smart homes in China and abroad, followed by an elaboration and review of the research on data collection, feature extraction, perception in smart home scenarios, and multimodal human-computer interaction and innovation scenarios for smart homes, respectively. The authors presented a series of related research work of Future Lab in the smart home field for researchers in related fields.

In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence has had an important impact on mental health services such as psychological counseling and psychological assessment. In this paper the accuracy and methods of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment as well as ethical issues are reviewed. Based on the development of multi-modal and psychological intervention technology, the future application research of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment is forecast. It is believed that the application of artificial intelligence in psychological assessment in the future will pay more attention to individual needs and interdisciplinary cooperation. It will be more widely used in information collection, data analysis, humancomputer interaction technology, and non-invasive regulatory technology cooperation, and the ethical research of artificial intelligence will play a more important role in the future.

Marine radioactivity monitoring is an important scientific basis for the marine nuclear safety. The effluent released to marine and marine monitoring after Japan's Fukushima Daiichi accident were briefly reviewed. The marine radioactivity monitoring work were introduced, including monitoring contents, monitoring methods, monitoring equipment and monitoring data to guide nuclear emergency response. Recommendations on the development of national marine radioactivity detection technology were proposed.

Digital twins, as a breakthrough technology development, has gained a huge impetus in industrial smart manufacturing, thus continually changing the manufacturing landscape. For a comprehensive understanding of smart manufacturing in the context of industrial digital twin technology, the latest research progresses of digital twin technology in the field of smart manufacturing are briefly reviewed in this paper, which include product design, product manufacturing, and safety maintenance. Then, some basic characteristics of the key technology are analyzed from the perspective of industrial digital twin technology, such as interactivity, twinning, composability and manageability. Further, typical application scenarios of digital twining technology in manufacturing are introduced from three aspects: product design and development, operation and maintenance management, and production control. Finally, the industrial digital twin technology for smart manufacturing is summarized and prospected.

As a non-carbon clean energy, geothermal energy plays an important role in promoting the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality due to its advantages of stable and continuous supply. The utilization of geothermal energy is generally divided into geothermal power generation, geothermal direct utilization and geothermal energy storage. Since 2010, global geothermal direct utilization has grown exponentially, with the installed capacity of geothermal direct utilization and annual heat utilization of about 108 GWt and 283,580 GWh, respectively. China has long ranked first in the world in terms of geothermal direct utilization. The geothermal heat pump system shows an exponential growth of about 16% every year, and the geothermal heat pump system accounts for about 72% and 60% of the installed capacity and heat utilization of the global direct utilization of geothermal heat, respectively. The average annual growth rate of geothermal power generation from 2010 to 2020 is about 4% restricted by high-temperature geothermal resources. Geothermal energy storage is the frontier field of geothermal utilization. Europe and the United States have deployed the "HEATSTORE" and "Geothermal Battery" energy storage projects respectively. The geothermal energy storage project deployed by the Geothermal Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has also entered the stage of key technology research and demonstration projects construction. As a huge natural energy storage, geothermal storage is the most suitable basis for storing energy and realizing a stable supply of thermal energy in a multi-energy complementary system. It can save other energy sources across seasons, realize efficient and large-scale energy storage across seasons, and improve energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, it can help achieve the development goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

The application of artificial intelligence(AI) in the military field has recently further improved the overall response ability and execution efficiency of information-based joint operations. Electronic countermeasures combat operations take place in an invisible space, it is more urgent for troops to get AI technology support in a fast-changing electromagnetic situation. By sorting out the main application modes of AI technology in military field, this paper systematically studies the application path of AI in electronic countermeasures from a perspective of operational integrity and puts forward specific thoughts and suggestions for combat command，warfare method application，equipment research and development, and intelligent cooperation, so as to accurately serve the electromagnetic field struggle and improve intelligent combat ability.

With the deepening development of China's reform and opening up and the Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion has gradually moved towards the world stage. Under the background of the new era, the clinical application of acupuncture and moxibustion in China has become more extensive, the treatment methods have bloomed, the clinical, basic and theoretical research has been deepened, and the standards and regulations of acupuncture and moxibustion have gradually led the world: The disease spectrum of acupuncture and moxibustion has been continuously expanded, the clinical application has been increasingly extensive; the treatment methods have been innovated and developed; the clinical research has continuously produced high-quality evidence; the standards and specifications have been published one after another; the theoretical system has been constantly improved; the basic research has made breakthroughs; the international development has been deepened, and the localization of acupuncture overseas has been developed rapidly. At the same time, the current development of acupuncture and moxibustion also faces a series of challenges: It is urgent to establish a diagnosis and treatment system that conforms to the rules of acupuncture and moxibustion itself; the evaluation system of clinical efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion still needs to be improved; the systematic research of acupuncture and moxibustion still needs to be strengthened; the high-quality clinical evidence of acupuncture and moxibustion is still insufficient; the promotion and transformation of acupuncture and moxibustion research results need to be strengthened. Under the new situation of rapid development of science and technology, how to make full use of modern information technology, big data, artificial intelligence to realize the digital transformation and promote the comprehensive development of acupuncture and moxibustion is the only way for the modernization of acupuncture and moxibustion in the future.