Functionalized porous carbon materials (PCMs) were prepared by calcining rose pomace as raw material and KOH as activator at high temperature in a resistance furnace at 500 ℃ to investigate the adsorption performance of PCMs for the removal of methylene blue in water.The parameters for the preparation of PCMs were impregnation ratio of 1:1, impregnation time of 4 h, and activation time of 50 min.The PCMs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrometer, and pore size analyser. Characterised by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and pore size analyser, the PCMs were characterised by the presence of a variety of functional groups on the surface, the specific surface area of 285.112 m²/g, the average pore size of 4.2 nm, the total pore volume of 0.1589 cm³/g, and the percentage of mesopores was 54.05%. Taking the removal rate of methylene blue in printing and dyeing wastewater as an index, the preferred results of one-way experiment were: the dosage of PCMs was 0.15 g, the initial concentration of methylene blue was 80 mg/L, the initial solution pH=11, and the adsorption time was 4 h, under which the removal rate of methylene blue by PCMs could be up to 99.52%; and the optimal adsorption conditions of PCMs obtained from the response surface experiment were as follows: the PCMs The optimal adsorption conditions for PCMs were: PCMs dosage of 0.153 g, initial concentration of methylene blue of 64.35 mg/L, and pH=10.93, which predicted that the removal rate of methylene blue could reach 100%. Kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption of PCMs on methylene blue solution conformed to the quasi-secondary kinetic model (R²=0.9564), and the adsorption isotherm was well fitted by Freundlich (R²=0.9580).

跨越2000 km还能把时差掐在几皮秒？这曾被不少计量专家视作“地面链路的天花板”。中国科学院国家授时中心张首刚、董瑞芳和刘涛团队用1根公共通信光纤、2束相邻波长的光脉冲，将这一极限再向前推进一大步——在2061 km现场链路上，把1 s稳定度做到了5.6 ps，授时误差再缩小数十个百分点。

2025年5月28日，极地科考破冰船“雪龙2”号抵达海南海口，结束了208 d的南极科考航程，是中国极地考察史上单船执行任务历时最长的一次。

青藏高原人群的“幽灵祖先”源自哪里？这个长期未解的谜团得到了关键线索。中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所付巧妹团队通过对来自云南17个遗址、7100年前以来的127例古代人类基因组测序，首次从遗传学角度精准识别了青藏高原“幽灵祖先”，并探讨了云南作为多元人群交流枢纽的关键作用。2025年5月29日，相关研究成果发表于《Science》。

中国疾病预防控制中心最新流行病学调查显示，中国成年人群非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）患病率达29.2%，在北上广深等一线城市，35岁以下人群患病率年增长率超过7%。

2025年5月30日，全国科技工作者日系列活动以“矢志创新发展建设科技强国”为主题，由中国科学技术协会联合科学技术部、中央宣传部共同举办。

2025年5月29日1时31分，中国在西昌卫星发射中心用长征三号乙Y110运载火箭，成功将行星探测工程天问二号探测器发射升空。火箭飞行约18 min后，将探测器送入地球至小行星2016HO3转移轨道。此后，探测器太阳翼正常展开，发射任务取得圆满成功。

过去10年，钙钛矿太阳能电池认证功率转换效率已提升至27%，与商用硅电池相当，但是长期运行稳定性尚不能满足光伏产品要求。南京航空航天大学郭万林和赵晓明团队开发出气相辅助表面重构技术，抑制了产业级钙钛矿模组在户外环境下的不可逆退化，在30 cm × 30 cm的钙钛矿模组中首次实现与商用晶硅太阳能电池相当的户外运行稳定性。2025年5月29日，相关研究成果发表于《Science》。

我们孤独吗？这是人类思考的千古难题。中国科学院云南天文台顾盛宏领衔的国际联合研究团队，在世界上首次利用凌星中间时刻变化（TTV）反演技术，在类太阳恒星的宜居带发现一颗质量大约是地球10倍的超级地球——开普勒-725c，其轨道周期为207.5 d，接收的平均辐照为地球的1.4倍，符合生命存在的条件。

马铃薯Y病毒（PVY）作为全球茄科作物的重要病原体，每年对马铃薯、辣椒和番茄等经济作物造成严重损失，其有效防治是当前农药化学领域的重要挑战。传统防治策略主要通过杀虫剂控制蚜虫媒介或施用抗病毒剂，但受限于虫体抗药性演变及药物作用靶标单一，实际防治效果始终难以突破。

视网膜退行性疾病是全球不可逆视力丧失的主要病因。这类疾病的共同特征是视网膜（眼球后部的感光层）中的感光细胞（视杆细胞和视锥细胞）逐渐退化。然而，视网膜中的其他神经元（包括双极细胞、无长突细胞、水平细胞和视网膜神经节细胞）通常仍能维持大部分功能，并通过视神经维持与视觉皮层的连接。视网膜假体的设计初衷是通过人工刺激这些存活的视网膜神经元来提供有用的视觉感知，但大多数系统面临依赖外部电源以及对视网膜神经元刺激有限等挑战。在《Science》上，Wang等研究人员提出了一种由碲纳米线网络构成的视网膜假体，该技术在解决部分现有局限的同时，亦能响应比视锥细胞和视杆细胞更广的电磁波谱范围。

2025年5月23日，一篇新闻报道披露美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院（NASEM）即将大幅裁员。次日清晨，美国国家科学院院长Marcia McNutt向员工发送了一封致歉备忘录。她此前向STAT（美国在线新闻媒体平台）透露，到夏末可能裁减250个职位，这一消息令约1100名NASEM员工震惊不已。McNutt表示，关于即将裁员的具体人数“尚未做出决定”。

2025年5月5日，一场名为“为了科学选择欧洲”的大会在巴黎索邦大学召开。法国与欧盟委员会在会上宣布，在特朗普政府减少对科研领域的资助之际，欧盟将设立一项经费为5亿欧元的科研激励计划，吸引外国的科研人员，特别是来自美国的科研人员赴法工作。

2025年4月30日，国际热核聚变实验堆（ITER）组织在其官方网站正式宣布，历经数十年的攻关，这座汇集全球30余国科研力量打造的“人造太阳”取得关键突破：全球规模最大、性能最强的脉冲超导电磁体系统建造完成。

2025年4月28日，中国气象局发布的《极地气候变化年报（2024）》（以下简称《年报》）中指出，极地气温延续较常年略偏高趋势，2024年，南极大陆年均气温为-31.79℃，较1991—2020年均值略高0.05℃；北极地区持续增温，2024年北极地区年均气温为-6.89℃，较1991年—2020年均值高0.65℃。

Technological talents are the core element for achieving self-reliance and self-improvement in China's science and technology, and innovation willingness is the key to stimulating the vitality of technological talents. This article takes 236

scientific and technological talents as the survey subjects, adopts the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method, and explores the configuration path of multi factor synergy affecting the innovation willingness of scientific and technological talents under the TPB framework. Research has found that there are four driving types of high innovation willingness among technology talents, namely demonstrative norms innovation attitude driven, directive norms innovation attitude driven, endogenous attitudes subjective norm driven, and innovation attitude driven. Innovation attitude is an important condition for technology talents to generate innovation willingness; Directive norms and demonstrative norms are key elements in regulating the innovation willingness of scientific and technological talents, and there is a substitution relationship between the two; The perceived behavioral control of technology talents has a weaker effect on enhancing innovation willingness. This article reveals the complex causal mechanism of the synergistic effect of planned behavior theory elements on the innovation willingness of scientific and technological talents from a configuration perspective, providing important reference for organizations to cultivate the innovation willingness of scientific and technological talents.

To support the logistics industry’s sustainable growth, it is essential to identify the driving forces and the peak path of carbon emissions in the province’s logistics industry along the Belt and Road. Firstly, this paper uses the carbon emission coefficient method to calculate the carbon emissions of the provincial logistics industry along the Belt and Road from 2006 to 2021. Then, the generalized Divisia index method is used to decompose the driving factors of carbon emissions. Finally, combined with Monte Carlo simulation, three scenarios are set up to predict the carbon emissions of the logistics industry from 2022 to 2035, aiming to study the future carbon peak scenario and effective carbon peak path of the logistics industry along the Belt and Road. The results show that: (1) Among the factors that promote the increase of carbon emission, the effect of fixed asset investment and the added value of the logistics industry is significant. Among the factors that promote carbon emission reduction, investment carbon intensity and output carbon intensity have significant effects. (2) The northeast and northwest regions can achieve the 2030 carbon peak target under the government intervention scenario, and the Belt and Road can only achieve the carbon peak target under the technology breakthrough scenario. This means that to reach the carbon peak as quickly as possible, we should fully embrace both the functions of governmental intervention and technology innovation breakthrough.

Grasping the spatial and temporal evolution of transportation carbon emissions in the western region is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of transportation in the west and narrowing the gap between the east and the west. In this paper, on the basis of measuring the transportation carbon emissions of 11 provinces in the western region from 2013 to 2022 using the "top-down" method, the natural discontinuity method, standard deviation ellipse method and spatial correlation network method are used to reveal the evolution law from the three dimensions of regional non-equilibrium distribution characteristics, center of gravity transfer trajectory and spatial correlation. The study shows that: (1) The growth trend of transportation carbon emissions in the west is slow, and the overall unbalanced regional distribution is characterized by "high in the middle and low in the north and south"; (2) The center of gravity of transportation carbon emissions shifts from the northwest to the southwest, and the difference between the level of transportation in the area of center of gravity and the rest of the provinces increases due to the impacts of location, policy, and development, and the centripetal convergence force is enhanced; (3) There is a significant spatial correlation in the western transportation carbon emissions. There is a significant spatial correlation effect of transportation carbon emissions in the west, in which the overall correlation effect in the policy and economic drive there is an upward trend, the local correlation effect of the phenomenon of bifurcation, Northwest and Southwest China are respectively in the "low-low" and "high-high" aggregation area. The northwestern and southwestern regions are in the "low-low" and "high-high" agglomeration zones, respectively, and have formed a certain range of agglomeration effects with neighboring provinces.

As a mainstream science and technology in the new era, brain-computer interface has been widely used in education, medical, military, business and other fields, and has many functions such as "non-contact information dissemination", "deep reinforcement of human body functions", "efficient data transmission", etc. for enabling intelligence activities. The "non-contact information dissemination", "deep enhancement of human body functions", "efficient data transmission" and other functions have profound practical significance for the development of intelligence activities. By analysing the specific functions of brain computer interface technology for intelligence activities and the real risks of applying brain-computer interface technology in intelligence activities, we have constructed a compliance and protection mechanism that ranges from the guidance of principles to the anchoring of rules, and we strive to effectively safeguard the comprehensive application of brain-computer interface technology in the field of intelligence. In addition, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of preventive interest protection, the principle of interest level protection, and the principle of combining punishment and reward in the process of application, and dissolve the risks that brain-computer interface technology may face in the application of intelligence field from five aspects: the protection of individual's right to self-determination, the formulation of privacy compliance protection strategy, the strengthening of the supervision responsibility of the intelligence organisation, the improvement of the data security review system, and the formulation of the rewards and punishments mechanism for the protection of data compliance.

The concept of "all-age friendliness" is a nascent but profound topic that impacts the spatial quality and future development of cities. Addressing issues such as insufficient refinement and mismatches between age groups and spatial needs in current urban planning and construction, this study focuses on the main urban area of Wuhan as a research subject. Leveraging big data from online public opinion, combined with techniques such as natural language processing and geospatial statistical analysis, we identify critical spatial issues related to different age groups and their distribution characteristics. The results reveal that spatial issues related to all age groups vary in content and emphasis. Old communities, schools and their surrounding neighborhoods, as well as commercial and office areas, are prone to issues specifically related to certain age groups. Urban transportation spaces and residential areas undergoing renewal are more likely to encounter issues pertaining to all age groups. Conversely, blue and green public spaces represent the least problematic spatial types. Based on these findings, this study provides guidance for the nascent exploration of all-age friendly cities in China, focusing on two aspects: "supporting the use of specific age groups" and "facilitating shared access for all ages." This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in enhancing the urban spatial quality and inclusivity for all age groups.

This article focuses on amorphous matters and reviews recent advances in amorphous materials and physics. More recently, more than 30% of the lunar soil collected by China's Chang 'e-5 mission was found to be glassy, further confirming the widespread existence of amorphous matter in the universe. Topological order and inhomogeneity may be hidden behind the seemingly chaotic structure of amorphous materials, so amorphous matters have strange genetic, sensitive and relaxation behaviors, and show a series of excellent physical and chemical properties, such as extreme stability, super-plasticity, super mechanical behavior and excellent soft magnetic properties. The new generation of Zr-based and Fe-based amorphous alloys developed based on order regulation and high flux technology are successfully applied to core components such as folding mobile phone hinges and new energy vehicle motors, indicating that amorphous matters have irreplaceable application advantages. The future development of amorphous matters should focus on introducing a new paradigm of material research, attaching importance to the importance of process innovation, promoting the cross-integration of multi-disciplinary fields, giving full play to the advantages of advanced characterization technology and large scientific devices, and creating a whole-chain innovation model for production, university and research, so as to actively promote the rapid development of amorphous materials and physics, and expand the application of amorphous matters in high-tech fields. Make the future of mankind a better place.

康复医疗工作是卫生健康事业的重要组成部分。加快推进康复医疗工作发展对全面推进健康中国建设、实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略、保障和改善民生具有重要意义。

坚定不移走绿色发展之路。

《气象高质量发展纲要（2022——2035年）》

在人的一生中，无可避免地都会遭受到疼痛的侵扰。如何管理疼痛，关乎着人们的生活质量乃至生命健康。随着人们对疼痛问题的认知及关注程度不断提高，中国疼痛医学的发展经历了长足的进步，逐渐成为一个独立的学科领域。

党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把解决好中国十几亿人的吃饭问题作为治国理政的头等大事，立足世情国情粮情，提出“谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”的新粮食安全观，确立“以我为主、立足国内确保产能、适度进口、科技支撑”的国家粮食安全战略。

功能分子和材料研究最新进展与未来展望、我国深空探测现状与未来、强激光与加速器发展、疫苗研发创新与公共安全、量子科技最新进展与未来展望、通用人工智能认知大模型发展等相关主题。

癌症严重危害群众健康。《2017年中国肿瘤登记年报》 显示，中国每年新发癌症病例约380万，死亡人数约229万，发病率及死亡率呈现逐年上升趋势。

科学家精神是科技工作者在长期科学实践中积累的宝贵精神财富。

党的二十大擘画了以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟蓝图。

Web3.0是包含语义网、物联网、大数据、人工智能、区块链、交互设备技术通信网络技术和用户共识社区 (decentralized autonomous organization，DAO)等一系列技术的集合，是人们构建新型数字世界 (元宇宙)，实现“ 人机物网 ”深度融合，达成标准化/规范化接入的美好愿景。

中医是一种复杂干预与个体诊疗方法，辨证论治疗效评价是中医临床评价研究的难点与关键。因此，建立体现辨证论治特色的真实世界临床评价模式，实现辨证论治整体临床疗效评价以及源于辨证论治的新方药的发现、优化与验证，是建立高质量中医药真实世界研究体系的基础性工作。

网络空间地理学是一门交叉学科，是在传统地理学和网络空间安全等学科基础上的理论创新和方法创新，是地理学研究内容从现实空间向网络空间的延伸，它以“人一地一网关系理论为指导，集中探讨网络空间和地理空间的映射关系揭示网络空间的运行机制。

为积极应对“十四五”期间中国生态环境治理面临的挑战，需要加快生态环境科技创新，构建绿色技术创新体系，推动经济社会发展全面绿色转型，建设美丽中国。

列车运行控制系统（简称“列控系统”）是对列车运行实现自动监控的系统，是保障高速铁路运营安全、提高运营效率的核心技术装备，是高速铁路的中枢神经。

复合材料是由高性能基体材料与增强体经过特殊成型工艺复合而成的具有两相或两相以上结构的材料，具有性能可设计复合效应、多功能兼容、材料与构件同步制造等特点，并具有高比强度和比刚度、可设计性强、疲劳性能好、耐腐蚀、可整体成型等优点，已成为航空飞行器结构的关键材料之一。

未来实验室的成立是清华大学科研机制改革和推动跨学科交叉的重大举措。本着不断创新、探索未来领域、突破学科壁垒的使命感，未来实验室深入开展跨学科交叉研究与学术交流，在产生引领性原始创新重大研究成果方面开展积极探索。

一、深入学习领会习近平总书记关于科技伦理治理的重要论述精神，增强科技伦理治理的责任感紧迫感
二、注重顶层设计和系统谋划，我国科技伦理治理体系建设取得突破性进展
三、聚焦重点，协同联动，建设具有中国特色的科技伦理治理体系

未来应对国际科技竞争、实现高水平自立自强，推动构建新发展格局、实现高质量发展，迫切需要加强基础研究，从源头和底层解决关键技术问题。

坚持自主可控、安全高效，推进产业基础高级化、产业链现代化，保持制造业比重基本稳定，增强制造业竞争优势，推动制造业高质量发展。