This featured article aims to discuss the strategic characteristics of the integrated circuit(IC) industry and summarize the development law of IC investment, technology and market. By reviewing the pathway developed in the past decades of China's IC industry, the current status, industrial competence and various limitations are analyzed, the forward directions of fundamental research and production technology of IC industry are therefore pointed out. It is emphasized that innovation is the source of development. The advancing goal of China's IC industry in 2035 and corresponding suggestions are proposed in terms of policy decisions, investment opportunities, talent needs and training, etc.

Particle physics is a frontier discipline for the study of ultimate structure of matter. It has fundamental significance, broad and deep influences to the science and the society. Its technology benefit is fruitful and significant. This paper analyses the research motivation, methods and the characteristics of particle physics, summarizes the history, achievements and the gap with the international leadership, proposes plans and goals towards the future for Chinese particle physics as well as measures to be taken and key technologies to be developed for China to be a world leader in particle physics.

Aeroengine is the heart of airplane and the key to the human flying dream. This paper briefly reviews the engine technology progress, aircraft invention, jet engine advent, and continuous innovation in the aviation power field. The development status and trend of hypersonic precooling turbine engine, adaptive variable cycle engine, civil high bypass ratio engine, and hybrid electric propulsion technology are emphatically introduced, respectively. Finally, the main experience and important measures of foreign aviation engine development are discussed.

The past decade has witnessed an unprecedented development of deep-sea science and technology in China. If the pace will be kept for the coming decade, China will enter the global frontiers in deep-sea exploration with historical contributions to the world science. The deep sea is the largest habitat on the planet, yet its eternal darkness and hostile environment present tremendous challenges to the deep-sea developers. Since China has reached a crossroads in its deep-sea research, it is essential to learn from the history in planning and its implementation, and to avoid the pitfalls on the journey.

2020 was an important year of deep space exploration for China, during which the first Chinese independent Mars mission Tianwen-1 and the lunar sample return mission Chang'E-5 were successfully launched. Tianwen-1 has combined three important functions:orbiter, lander and rover into one. Chang'E-5 is the first mission for China to return samples from other celestial body. On 17 December, it brought back 1.731 kg lunar sample successfully. 2020 was also a lunching window for Mars, which occurs every 26 months. In that window two other missions were also launched, i.e. the UAE's Hope Mars orbiter and the US's Mars Laboratory Perseverance. When deep space exploration became a focus of world attention, it is necessary to review the history and plan the future. This paper briefly reviews the history of human deep space exploration, discusses the scientific motivation and technical challenges. In particular, it discusses the sustainability of deep space exploration, and puts forward some relevant suggestions for the future development of China's deep space exploration.

Ecological protection and green development are mutually reinforcing. From the perspective of the ecological relationship between protection and development during the "14th Five-Year Plan", ten ecological relations between ecological protection and green development are explored, and a series of across spatiotemporal scale ecological relations, ecological wisdom and ecotechnology related to ecological protection and green development are discussed. Clarifying these ten major ecological relationships will help China comprehensively carry out ecological protection and green development, improve the overall quality of China's ecological protection and green development, and help build a beautiful China and achieve a even more sustainable development.

This paper discusses how to improve the original innovation ecology of science and technology, how to stimulate the vitality of innovation, and how to provide the rooting and germination soil for original innovation seeds that appear in mind of scientific and technological workers. Some other relevant problems are also discussed.

In the past few decades China has made significant achievements in science and technology. In recent years, disturbances in international relationships have brought to China warnings and new requirements about how to better develop science and technology. For forward-thinking, new changes are needed for the training and evaluation system of sci-tech talents in the new era. It is essential to build a comprehensive and independent system of scientific education, to establish an Englishspeaking research environment in top universities, and to support more Chinese scientists to participate in international scientific collaborations and communications. These measures will provide important support for the long term, healthy development of science and technology in China.

The state key laboratories in China are the important scientific and technological innovation base to organize and carry out basic research, applied basic research and frontier technology research. This article provides an overview of the China's state key laboratory development in the past 36 years, and emphasizes its vital role in national scientific and technological innovation together with the economic and social development. Furthermore, the characteristics of the state key laboratory are analyzed under the background of ‘new situation, new mission and new requirements’. Finally, the future development suggestions for the state key laboratory are systematically proposed at a strategic height in terms of new concept and new pattern

In the context of transformation of scientific research paradigm, complex international situation and urgent need of reality, discipline layout as a fundamental key issue in science and technology has received unprecedented attention. However, there are still doubts and even mistakes in the understanding of the characteristics and nature of discipline layout. Therefore, through a historical analysis of discipline layout, this paper summarizes its characteristics and connotation, points out the achievements and challenges for new China's disciplinary layout, so as to look forward to the development trend and provide ideas and references for clarifying the logical connotation and optimizing the reform of discipline layout.

The present article aims to demonstrate the significance, necessity and feasibility of improving population policy as well as promoting the family pattern of respecting the aged, caring for the young and intergenerational assistance. Our scientific analyses show that the policy of returning the fertility decision-making to families and encouraging the second birth would not lead to over-growth of population. On the contrary, such policy improvements would be helpful to slow down the quick shrinking of labor resources, face the serious challenges of population ageing, and so on. Our empirical analyses on the "Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey" datasets demonstrat that family pattern of three-generations living together or living nearby may not only improve the health of the elderly but also strengthen the household assistance by older parents to their children to realize the "win-win" outcome. Based on our solid scientific research, we suggest to implement the policy of returning the fertility decision-making to families and encouraging the second birth as soon as possible. We suggest to promote the family pattern of respecting the aged, caring for the young and intergenerational assistance to facilitate national development and the well-being of hundreds of millions of families.

Promoting high-quality development, realizing people's high-quality life, constructing a new pattern of development, and smoothly embarking on a new journey to a modern socialist country have raised more urgent needs for speeding up the building of China into a great country in science and technology. Facing the new situation and new tasks of scientific and technological innovation and meeting the innovation development in the new stage, we must adhere to the central role of innovation in the overall modernization construction, adhere to the principles of free-standing self-improvement, comprehensive innovation, system governance and open integration, strengthen the supply, support and guidance ability of scientific and technological innovation, so as to enhance the level of science and technology strategic support to the national development.