The core tool to realize agricultural power lies in scientific and technological innovation. Seed industry, as the "chip" of agriculture, technology and equipment innovation of crop seed industry is the primary driving force to build agricultural power. Based on the analysis of the practical demand for the innovation and development of seed industry technology and equipment to achieve the goal of agricultural power, this paper deeply summarized and analyzed the effect and trend of the development of crop seed industry technology and equipment. At present, the innovation level of science and technology and equipment of crop seed industry in our country has stepped into a new stage of following and leading. However, anchoring the goal of agricultural power, there is still a big gap between the development of science and technology and equipment of crop seed industry in our country and the realization of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-control of seed source, and the steady improvement of the ability to guarantee grain and important agricultural products. There are some weaknesses in the protection and utilization of germplasm resources, basic research of biological breeding, research and development of cutting-edge breeding core technology, research and development of advanced and applicable breeding equipment, and independent innovation of seed industry enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively promote the innovation and development of science, technology and equipment of seed industry from five dimensions, namely speeding up the construction of a new type of seed industry innovation system, promoting the open sharing, protection and utilization of germplasm resources, overcoming the key core technology of seed industry, strengthening the research and development and application innovation of seed industry equipment, and carrying out the policy experiment of seed industry innovation, so as to lay a solid foundation for the construction of an agricultural power.

Based on the panel data of China's three grain functional areas from 2011 to 2020, a quantitative index system of agricultural science and technology innovation was constructed, and then the level of agricultural science and technology innovation and carbon emission level of grain production were calculated. A dynamic panel model was used to test the inhibition effect and influence path of agricultural science and technology innovation on carbon emission of grain production. The results found that from 2011 to 2020, the level of agricultural science and technology innovation in the three grain functional areas showed an increasing trend, the carbon emissions of grain production decreased, and the inter-group heterogeneity was obvious. Agricultural scientific and technological innovation had a significant inhibitory effect on the carbon emission of grain production, and this effect was more significant in the main grain marketing areas. The technology effect and the human capital effect played an important role in the process of carbon reduction in agricultural science and technology innovation. It was recommended to accelerate the pace of agricultural science and technology innovation, continue to achieve carbon reduction in grain production through agricultural science and technology innovation, pay attention to the improvement of production efficiency, resource utilization efficiency and human capital level, and formulate corresponding policies for carbon reduction according to the heterogeneity of the three grain functional areas to realize the green upgrading and transformation of grain industry.

Agricultural science and technology innovation is an important magic weapon for the rapid development of Brazil's agriculture and the significant improvement of its international competitiveness. This study systematically combs the institutional mechanism of agricultural science and technology innovation in Brazil by means of literature research, historical context sorting and network interview. It is found that the Brazilian agricultural science and technology innovation system and mechanism has the basic characteristics of attaching importance to the planning and overall design of the agricultural science and technology innovation system, emphasizing that the agricultural science and technology innovation should serve the needs of industrial development, and focusing on the international exchange and cooperation of agricultural science and technology innovation. At present, a large number of achievements have been made in the fields of precision agriculture, bio-economy, biological control, biological nitrogen fixation, and transgenic technology, which have promoted the transformation and development of Brazil's agriculture. In the future, referring to the experience of Brazil, China can further speed up the regional research center and agricultural research institute of the layout and construction, formulate key technology innovation plans for "stuck necks", strengthen the transformation and promotion of agricultural science and technology innovation achievements, and accelerate the formulation of global agricultural science and technology innovation strategic plans, gradually improve China's agricultural science and technology innovation system, and help achieve the development goals of agricultural and rural modernization in 2035.

With the increasingly serious energy crisis, the development of renewable clean energy as a substitute for fossil energy has always been the focus of scientific research. Biomass energy is the most promising alternative to fossil energy. This paper discusses the current situation and shortcomings of biomass energy utilization in five aspects: the source of biomass energy raw materials, the treatment of raw materials, biomass conversion technology, the application of biomass energy, and the development prospect of biomass energy. Although biomass energy research is booming, there are still some areas where improvements can be made: plants can be built close to the source of the feedstock to reduce feedstock costs; microalgae do not take up land and are a viable feedstock; feedstock pre-treatment needs to balance benefits and costs; for the choice of biomass conversion technology, a combination of biochemical and thermochemical conversion may be a good option; the application side of biomass energy can be biorefined to improve production efficiency, in addition, biofuel cells have great potential for development. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the optimisation of existing technologies and future research and development of biomass energy.

Since International Maritime Organization(IMO) and European Parliament issued their decarbonization targets for ocean transportation, the bio-methanol('green methanol') has suddenly attracted enormous attention, and its supply falls short of demand. Such an event proves the anxieties about the existence of so-called 'hard-to-electrify' and 'harder-to-abate industries', by the international climate change circle. Methanol has been regarded as an ideal energy carrier. This case reminds that it is not realistic to realize carbon neutrality by only depending upon wind energy or photovoltaic energy. In order to find the solution, it is crucial to play the specific role of biomass. The tendency of neglecting bioenergy and bio-based materials has to be corrected.

Plant soil negative feedback phenomena, such as continuous cropping obstacles, can lead to frequent diseases and decreased quality of medicinal plants. Rhizosphere microorganisms are important participants in the process of negative feedback between medicinal plants and soil. Therefore, elucidating the relationship between microorganisms and plants is crucial for clarifying the mechanism of negative feedback between medicinal plants and soil and solving continuous cropping obstacles. This article discusses the regulatory mechanism of the metabolism of root exudates of medicinal plants under continuous cropping conditions on the rhizosphere microbiota, as well as the formation mechanism of continuous cropping obstacles mediated by rhizosphere microbiota in the negative feedback between medicinal plants and soil. It clarifies the core regulatory role of rhizosphere microbiota in the feedback between medicinal plants and soil, as well as its correlation with the formation of continuous cropping obstacles. Taking plant soil feedback as the starting point, it further explores the plant soil microbial interaction system. It is proposed to slow down the negative feedback effect of plant soil from the aspects of improving planting mode, exploring molecular mechanism, biological pest control, etc., in order to provide theoretical support for solving the obstacles of continuous cultivation of medicinal plants.

Based on the data of three pilot field trials in two years, the main agronomic characters of 41 representative mung bean germplasm resources collected from 10 provinces and regions in China were evaluated, and the phenotypic genetic diversity and resistance level of these resources to mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease and powdery mildew were analyzed. The results showed that the genetic diversity of 41 mung bean germplasm resources was rich, with the genetic diversity index ranging from 0.321 to 2.039. The genetic diversity of quantitative traits was significantly higher than that of quality traits. The diversity index of 100-seeds weight was the highest, and the diversity index of pod length was the lowest. The diversity index of flower color was the highest and that of mature pod color was the lowest among the quality traits. The 41 germplasm resources were grouped into five groups by cluster analysis. The first group were mainly dwarf, erect and early-maturing resources, which could be used as excellent parent materials for breeding. The second group were mainly large-seeded materials, which could be used to improve the grain size of mung bean. The third group were mainly black seed materials, which could be used as characteristic breeding materials. The fourth and fifth groups were mainly disease-resistant materials, which could be used as parent materials for mining mung bean yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew disease-resistant genes. Among the 41 germplasm resources, 9 mediumly resistant genotypes, 4 resistant genotypes were identified to mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease, 11 mediumly resistant genotypes, 4 resistant genotypes and 1 highly resistant genotype were identified to powdery mildew. The principal component analysis (PCA) of qualitative and quantitative traits suggested that five principal component factors might contribute 71.95% of phenotypic variation.