As the world's largest producer and consumer of mining mineral products, China faces both opportunities and challenges in the competition and confrontation of strategic minerals. By collecting domestic and foreign data, this article elaborates the strategic minerals' origin, development, evolution, and current situation, and contrastively studies strategic minerals in terms of definition, type, and role in economic and national defense security.,A targeted analysis is conducted with respect to the international competition, constraints, and countermeasures of strategic mineral resources, as well as the industrial and supply chain situation faced by China. Policy recommendations are proposed as well. It is suggested to fully leverage existing industrial and market advantages, overcome resource shortcomings, increase policy regulation, stimulate international competitiveness of enterprises, restructure the industrial chain, and make good use of both domestic and foreign resources, so as to provide sufficient opportunities for China to stand in a victorious position in the new round of world economic development with secure strategic resource guarantee.

Under the new international situation, strategic minerals have become the focus of the game between great powers. Analysing the strategic minerals lists and trade cooperation is of great significance for China and Russia to further deepen cooperation and jointly build a global mining governance system. This paper compares the similarity and difference in the definition and list of strategic minerals between China and Russia, calculates the revealed comparative advantage index and the trade complementarity index of mineral products, and analyzes the trade complementarity of strategic mineral products and the impact caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Based on the trade situation, resource endowment and foreign dependence, this paper shows the types of mineral resources that should be added into China's strategic mineral list and should be stressed in the Sino-Russian trade. Some suggestions are put forward, such as adjusting the strategic minerals list, increasing investment of exploration and expanding the mining trade fields of Sino-Russian trade.

China's molybdenum mine occupies a dominant position in the world, but after nearly ten years of continuous mining, the molybdenum resource consumption rate is fast. Based on the statistical data of molybdenum ore in the past 10 years, this paper analyzes the changes of global and Chinese molybdenum reserves, development and utilization status, design production scale, exploration ratio of mining rights, and the static guarantee capacity of China's molybdenum resources is about 53 years, higher than the world average; the development and utilization situation remains stable, but the capacity utilization rate is less than 60%; the exploration ratio of mining right quantity decreases seriously, only 1.4 in 2022. By analyzing the supply and demand situation of molybdenum mineral resources, China's molybdenum resource consumption accounts for 40% of the world, and the consumption continues to increase. Looking to the future, China's economic development of high quality demand for more molybdenum resources. There will be hidden dangers in the long-term resources security guarantee. To continue to guarantee China molybdenum resource dominant position, improve ability to participate in global resource governance, China molybdenum mining industry should increase geological exploration investment, improve capacity utilization, strengthen the low grade associated ore recovery level and comprehensive utilization of tailings, increase technology research and development, promote the development of industry high quality.

Nickel as a strategic mineral officially designated by China plays an important role in ensuring national resource security, national defense security, and economic security, and meeting the need of China's strategic emerging industry development. This article summarizes the geological exploration investment, geological exploration progress, reserve changes, and development and utilization of nickel mines in China in the past decade. It outlines the current domestic nickel industry structure and production process, summarizes the domestic consumption structure and international import and export trade of nickel. By analyzing China's demand for nickel, it concludes that China is a nickel poor country yet a major consumer of nickel. Currently, stainless steel accounts for 67.5% of the China's nickel consumption structure, traditional demand areas remain stable. China's external dependence on nickel resources has long been above 80%, with the main import sources being the Philippines and Indonesia. From a domestic perspective, the current investment and physical workload of nickel ore exploration have decreased by over 75% compared to 2010. The mining industry has achieved a production rate of 50.2%, and there is still great potential for improvement in the exploration, storage, and mining of nickel deposits in China. In the near future, the field of new energy vehicle batteries will drive an explosive growth of emerging nickel demand. Suggestions are put forward to expand the sources of nickel ore imports, reduce concentration, strengthen the unified coordination of Chinese enterprises overseas, ensure the healthy and sustainable development of the overall industry chain, and formulate and improve the recycling and utilization standard system to further balance the supply and demand of national nickel resources and avoid risks.

By means of the five-element analysis framework this paper systematically analyzes nickel global governance's core elements and historical evolution characteristics of the global governance. On this basis, this paper explores the current constraints on developing the nickel global governance system to promote its further improvement. In addition, combined with the critical mineral strategies of countries or regions such as the United States, the European Union, and Japan, this paper proposes to strengthen international cooperation and resource diplomacy, strengthen financial market risk management, and promote the establishment of a global nickel international organization alliance for China's participation in global governance to secure the nickel supply chain.

Cobalt is an indispensable mineral for strategic emerging industries. China lacks cobalt, the U. S. and European threaten the security of China's cobalt by dominating the global governance system. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the current global governance system of cobalt, understand the characteristics of the system and put forward China's participation path. This paper summarizes the evolutionary characteristics, core elements, existing problems and challenges of the governance system, also puts forward suggestions on enhancing the responsible mining awareness of Chinese enterprises, actively participating in and dominate the governance process, scaling up the cooperation of international mining investment, strengthening the local resource exploitation and strategic reserves, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for China to select its path to participate in the global governance of cobalt.

The global supply of lithium resources faces many global problems such as the intensifying competition among major powers and resource nationalism. Establishing a global governance and coordination mechanism for lithium resources is urgent. This article summarizes the typical characteristics of the three stages of the evolution of the global governance system of lithium resources, analyzes the current situation of the global governance system of lithium resources, reveals the practical difficulties faced by the global governance system of lithium resources, and proposes three suggestions for China's participation in the construction of the system:rely on the new round of prospecting breakthrough strategic actions to improve lithium resources' security in the domestic and international dual cycles; actively participate in formulating and implementing global regulations on lithium resources and enhance their influences on the international market; and strengthen the construction of the financial system and risk management and actively promote the development of the domestic lithium future market.

With the transformation of China's energy structure, the installation scale of wind power continues to expand and the demand for strategic minerals in all segments of the wind power becomes a strategic issue of the high-quality development of China's wind power industry. In this paper, a generalized Weng's model is used to forecast the production and simulate the mining paths of seven raw metals required to cultivate the wind power industry chain:neodymium, praseodymium, terbium, dysprosium, molybdenum, nickel and copper. At the same time, the future demands for the aforementioned seven raw metals are calculated under different scenarios where market share, technological progress and recycling are taken into account. Based on this, the supply and demand status of strategic metal mineral industry chain is analized and policys to promote sustainable supply of strategic minerals for the power industry chain are suggested.