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  • Policy Forum
    Tian CHEN, Muhan LI, Yixuan WANG, Minghao ZUO
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(15): 122-131. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.05.00569
    Abstract (104) PDF (29) HTML (20)   Knowledge map   Save

    Practising low−carbon and green principles in urban renewal is an inevitable choice to cope with climate change and achieve the goal of "double carbon". At the same time, it is an important opportunity to promote the energy technology revolution. By analyse the connotation of low−carbon and green urban renewal, combining the existing exploration of low−carbon and green urban renewal in terms of policy system, technology and low−carbon economy at home and abroad. From this, it summarises the shortcomings of our country. This paper puts forward the realisation path of low−carbon and green urban renewal, which include: Low−carbon and green policy governance tools; Multi−level and multi−dimensional planning system; Multi−disciplinary approach to carbon reduction technologies Building a low−carbon regeneration industry chain; Innovative investment and operation and maintenance methods; and Carbon market and trading for urban regeneration, etc.

  • Policy Forum
    Ying YANG, Jian XIE, Sumei XIE, Xiangyu CHEN, Fan XIE, Xiaohao ZHANG, Yinxia WANG, Huamei HUANG, Xingnian SUN
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(14): 94-100. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.02.00139
    Abstract (44) PDF (20) HTML (40)   Knowledge map   Save

    With the rapid development of the global offshore wind power industry, the development and management of offshore wind power in China's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) have become increasingly important. This paper focuses on the maritime management issues of offshore wind power in China's EEZ, conducting an in?depth study of the mature management experiences of Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom in EEZ governance. These include Germany's centralized model, the U.S.'s hybrid model, and the UK's decentralized model, among other EEZ management approaches. The study systematically summarizes the maritime management frameworks of these three countries, extracting their commonalities and distinctive features. Based on international experiences and China's specific conditions, this paper proposes targeted recommendations for China's EEZ offshore wind power management. These suggestions encompass establishing a systematic institutional framework, formulating specialized plans and policies, clarifying permitting and approval mechanisms, developing an integrated land?sea coordination strategy, and standardizing environmental compatibility assessments. The aim is to advance the improvement of China's offshore wind power management system and support the high?quality development of the offshore wind industry within the EEZ.

  • Policy Forum
    Mingya ZHANG, Chunlin LI, Heyun XU, Hui CHEN, Zongyu CHENG
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(13): 101-104. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.05.00520
    Abstract (87) PDF (32) HTML (78)   Knowledge map   Save

    In the realm of global ocean governance, this article delves into the conceptual underpinnings and practical implementation of the vision for a shared maritime community. It examines this vision from three perspectives: Historical evolution, current realities, and theoretical frameworks. The objective is to foster an inclusive and sustainable global ocean governance system that embodies the core values of equality, respect, harmony, and win−win cooperation to address the complicate challenges. The study employs a combination of literature review and theoretical analysis to advance strategies including a China−led reformation of the international oceanic order, the establishment of a multi−tiered global ocean governance structure, and the collaborative development of oceanic cooperation mechanisms. By doing so, the research aims to offer Chinese insights and solutions for global ocean governance.

  • Policy Forum
    Qiang XU, Shuai DING, Zhengkun LIU
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(12): 179-184. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.04.00116
    Abstract (168) PDF (70) HTML (159)   Knowledge map   Save

    Research institutes are an important component of the national innovation system construction. At present, state-owned research institutes mainly implement the system of institute director responsibility under the leadership of the Party committee, while non-state-owned research institutes mainly adopt the system of institute director responsibility under the leadership of the board of directors. To achieve the transfer and transformation from science to technology, and from technology to industry, it is necessary to accelerate the exploration of new management systems for research institutes and improve their governance systems. From a management perspective, the main problems existing in research institutes have been identified, manifested as a lack of structured decision-making mechanisms, incomplete governance systems, poor integration with market factors, difficulty in accessing social capital, and poor achievement transformation. It has been proposed that for different types of research institutes, the core governance concept of enterprise management can be used as a reference to construct a governance framework for "SAER" structured management, improve the mechanism of structured management, establish a council or strategic guidance committee, fully leverage the role of academic and evaluation committees, and open up effective channels for connecting with market resources. At the same time, it is pointed out that the role of the Party committee in directing and managing the overall situation should be leveraged to achieve optimal management efficiency and maximize scientific research output.

  • Policy Forum
    Hongjun SUN, Yang DU, Juxiu HUANG, Zongzhen JIN, Xize LIU
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(11): 107-113. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.02.00193
    Abstract (133) PDF (35) HTML (89)   Knowledge map   Save

    美国政府高度关注关键和新兴技术标准对全球经济、国家安全以及科技竞争力的巨大价值。梳理了美国2023年5月—2025年2月发布的与《美国政府关键和新兴技术国家标准战略》(简称“美国CET标准战略”)相关实施情报信息,分析了该战略发布背景和主要目标,从广泛征求意见、成立专业组织、调整技术清单、跨部门协同、争取国际认同以及出台配套法案等6个方面总结了该战略的实施经验,厘清了该战略后续实施的短期和长期行动,据此从优化关键和新兴技术体系、谋划国际标准化发展战略、广泛征求利益相关方意见、促进政府与市场协调、跨部门协同推进等方面提出了促进中国关键和新兴技术标准发展的对策建议。

  • Policy Forum
    Yanming WAN, Yan ZHANG, Qi LIU, Zhenyu SHI, Yuehan CHEN, Chuanbo XU, Jianguo LIU
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(10): 104-108. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.07.00813
    Abstract (51) PDF (9) HTML (33)   Knowledge map   Save

    针对“双碳”目标下风电消纳及电网灵活性提升的规模化风电制氢经济容量配置问题,分析了氢储能参与调频辅助服务可实现保障电网稳定运行、优化可再生能源消纳、提升能源系统灵活性与跨时空配置能力以及促进环境友好等综合价值,提出了考虑平准化氢气成本、调频补贴收益和售氢收益的全生命周期经济容量计算方法,实现单个风电场及省级风电最佳制氢容量计算。在计及电解水制氢系统规模化成本效应的情况下,以净现值最大为目标,考虑电网调频需求,构建了制氢容量经济优化目标函数,对电解水制氢系统的初始投资成本、制氢电价、调频里程、电解槽转化率和设备退化率等参数进行敏感性分析,得出制氢电价和调频里程是其两个主要敏感性因素这一结论,并在其基础上预测未来风电场制氢经济性,预计可再生能源平均上网电价将降至0.25元/kWh以下时,对应制氢成本可降至15元/kg以下。最后,以吉林省某典型风电场为例进行算例分析,结果表明,风电制氢参与调频辅助服务市场能够在最大化消纳风电、提升电网动态调节能力的同时实现经济最优。建议相关部门和企业应加大对风电制氢技术研发的投入,提高电解槽转化率,降低成本,完善相关政策和市场机制,推动风电制氢产业的规模化发展。

  • Policy Forum
    Wure AXI, Yude HOU
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(9): 93-96. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.11.01642
    Abstract (107) PDF (47) HTML (63)   Knowledge map   Save

    以25位日本自然科学诺贝尔奖获得者群体为研究样本,使用SPSS 27.0数理统计软件对该群体的获奖时间分布以及机构分布特征进行计量分析,同时引入中村修二等日本自然科学诺贝尔奖获得者的个案研究,并结合郝柏林院士等中国科学家关于科技发展的重要观点和论述对统计结果进行解读与反思,据此提出建立长效科研评价体系、培养创新型科研人才、调动企业基础研究积极性以及营造良好科研环境氛围等方面的建议。

  • Policy Forum
    Tian'an GU, Bin XU, Donghui ZHANG, Guoteng XU
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(8): 100-105. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.02.00194
    Abstract (145) PDF (78) HTML (111)   Knowledge map   Save

    基础研究是重大技术创新的源头。在国际科技竞争日趋激烈的背景下,科学评估中国关键技术领域基础研究在全球竞争格局所处位势刻不容缓。基于国际权威数据库近10年收录的2600万份高水平科技文献,综合运用文献计量、主题演化和可视化分析方法,通过自主构建竞争集中度、领先度和影响力评估指标,对全球关键技术领域竞争力进行定量刻画。研究发现,中国关键技术领域基础研究竞争力大幅提升,中国和美国两国“双峰格局”已初步形成,同时中国也面临着基础研究成果原创性不足等现实挑战。为此,应按照党的二十大要求,从完善科技创新体制机制入手,强化科技创新与国家安全“双轮驱动”,加快推动关键技术领域基础研究由“高数量”向“高质量”转变,为培育新质生产力、实现高水平科技自立自强奠定坚实基础。

  • Policy Forum
    Jia YANG, Guoliang YANG
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(7): 137-142. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.02.00222
    Abstract (298) PDF (375) HTML (146)   Knowledge map   Save

    制造技术联盟是促进关键核心技术攻关的一种重要组织创新模式。以美国国家制造创新网络——制造技术联盟集合体为研究对象,分别从公共价值使命定位、合法性与政治支持、行动能力塑造3个方面分析了“美国制造”的公共价值创造机理,并为国家制造创新中心的建设和优化提供参考和借鉴:在共同使命定位上,凝聚政产学研异质主体之间的合作动力;在合法性与政治支持上,建立立法支持和加强财政支持力度;在行动能力塑造方面,实施利益相关者价值导向的商业化运营模式。

  • Policy Forum
    Bo WANG, Jiaren CHEN, Haolan TANG, Fangwei LIAO
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(6): 92-96. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.04.00322
    Abstract (129) PDF (44) HTML (66)   Knowledge map   Save

    基于“双碳”目标对城乡建设和建筑业低碳转型的要求,分析了绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的问题,从参与能力、协同合力、治理机制等方面提出绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的政策目标。从绿色建筑多元主体协同治理面临的现实困境出发,对比分析国外主要国家绿色建筑发展的政策经验并获得启示,从提升多元主体协同能力、保障多元主体协同利益、实现多元主体协同数字治理和打造多元主体协同的产业生态4个层面提出“双碳”目标下绿色建筑多元主体协同治理的政策建议,为加快建设绿色低碳友好建成环境和实现中国“双碳”目标提供理论支撑和经验借鉴。

  • Policy Forum
    Peng SHEN, Jin GONG, Chen GONG
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(5): 117-120. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.10.01509
    Abstract (183) PDF (67) HTML (116)   Knowledge map   Save

    实现技术发展与安全的平衡,是当前全球人工智能治理必须直面的重大现实问题。目前全球人工智能治理最具代表性的是,欧盟以伦理先行为导向的“硬法治”模式和美国以技术先行为导向的“软规则”模式。从治理思想、治理主体、治理体系和治理策略系统分析了2种模式的区别,并基于此提出了优化我国人工智能治理路径的政策启示:在治理思想上,应坚持伦理治理和鼓励创新并重;在治理机制上,建立分级分类风险治理机制,实行精细化监管;在治理体系上,构建多层次全方位的人工智能治理体系;在治理主体上,注重发挥企业和行业自治力量;在治理合作机制上,积极参与多边治理交流合作,提高中国在人工智能全球治理的影响力和话语权。

  • Policy Forum
    Yanming WANG, Dazhuang WEN, Jun FAN
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(5): 121-124. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2025.02.00188
    Abstract (170) PDF (38) HTML (98)   Knowledge map   Save

    黄旭华是中国第一代核潜艇工程总设计师,是中国核潜艇事业的开拓者与奠基人之一。论述了黄旭华的学术成就,从核潜艇研制工程的重要性、一代两型核潜艇的研制难度、第一代核潜艇与美苏同代核潜艇的技术、战术性能比较等维度归纳出黄旭华的学术成就,指出了其在第一代核潜艇研制中所锤炼出的“核潜艇精神”。探讨了黄旭华取得举世瞩目学术成就的内在动力,厘清其成就主要源自不竭的创新观念与思想、坚韧的家国情怀及不懈的事业追求。

  • Policy Forum
    Huchen LIU, Ke LI, Hua SHI
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(4): 101-112. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.07.00784
    Abstract (322) PDF (944) HTML (157)   Knowledge map   Save

    新一代信息技术作为智能互联技术体系的关键要素,重构了智能制造价值链,为智能制造质量管理提供了新范式。结合中国智能制造发展实际情况,分析了新一代信息技术背景下智能制造质量管理的新趋势与新需求。概述了质量4.0的基本理论,拓展了质量4.0中价值链的含义,并通过内部价值链、产业价值链与相关方价值链3个维度构建了基于质量4.0的智能制造全价值链质量管理模式,以促进质量4.0理论与方法在智能制造质量管理实践中落地。

  • Policy Forum
    Jianrong CHENG, Sumei XIE, Yan CAO, Yinxia WANG, Ying YANG, Xiaoying YANG
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(3): 115-128. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2024.05.00511
    Abstract (327) PDF (114) HTML (234)   Knowledge map   Save

    海洋具有广阔的空间和较为理想的风力条件,相比陆上风电,海上风电能够获取更为稳定和强劲的风能资源,从而提高发电效率和输出功率。在分析中国海上风电发展现状的基础上,结合中国发展海上风电存在海洋资源法律体系不完备、海洋规划体系待深化、海洋综合管理机制不健全、海上风电产业政策支持力度不够等问题,借鉴国外发展海上风电的经验,从完善海洋资源开发利用管理立法、加强海洋空间规划体系保障、健全海洋资源开发利用管理机制、完善海上风电产业链发展政策等方面提出中国发展海上风电的对策建议,可以为中国海上风电产业的未来发展提供参考和借鉴。

  • Policy Forum
    Chang WANG, Biwu ZHAO, Hongjun GENG, Fenghua LU
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(2): 117-124. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.12.01965
    Abstract (296) PDF (71) HTML (196)   Knowledge map   Save

    未来产业属于“新而待兴”、有望成长为战略性新兴产业的先导产业,是现代化产业体系的重要组成部分。首先剖析了未来产业的内涵与特征,沿着“现有产业未来化”与“未来技术产业化”2个方向,探讨了中国未来产业的发展鸿沟,分类设计了“老中育新”与“无中生有”的跨越路径与实施策略,提出了完善未来产业发展机制、搭建未来产业应用场景、构筑未来产业发展生态、加强未来产业敏捷治理的政策建议。

  • Policy Forum
    Qianlin YE, Jiaxin LI, Chang WANG, Qinggen ZENG, Hong LU
    Science & Technology Review. 2025, 43(1): 157-167. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2023.09.01330
    Abstract (414) PDF (105) HTML (259)   Knowledge map   Save

    考察美国力推稀土产业链重构的深层动因及最新动态,是确保中国稀土全球战略竞争优势和产业链安全的关键。通过分析美国稀土产业链重构的动因、进展及对中国的挑战,发现美国对中国稀土进口高度依赖、稀土关切上升至国家安全、美国国内稀土强劲消费需求和对中国政策全面转向竞争构成了美国加速稀土产业链重构的动因。目前,美国在稀土资源本土开发与保护、冶炼分离加工布局、高端材料及应用技术创新等全产业链领域的重构成效明显,对中国稀土产业链的全球影响力、中美战略竞争博弈下的抵御经济制裁能力、高端稀土技术创新的外部环境和国际稀土合作的战略空间等方面带来严峻挑战。为此,提出了中国应从提升稀土产业综合竞争力、优化稀土产业结构与布局、提高稀土高端技术应用水平和加强稀土全球化战略布局等方面采取举措,以增强抗衡美国对中国“脱钩”的主动权,抢占稀土“卡脖子”技术制高点,实现从稀土大国向稀土强国目标转变。