Zhu Futang was a founding figure of modern pediatrics in China, dedicating his life to the systematic development of pediatric medicine. He was among the first to propose and experimentally validate the use of placental globulin for measles prevention, opening a new pathway for passive immunization in the control of infectious diseases. He also played a pivotal role in organizing and advancing the research, development, and nationwide implementation of the attenuated live measles vaccine, laying the groundwork for China's pediatric immunization system. As the chief editor of Practical Pediatrics, he established a comprehensive theoretical framework for pediatric education and practice. Zhu also founded China's first specialized pediatric hospital, delivering high−quality care to countless children. Guided by the principles of "public service, compassion, diligence, and harmony", he cultivated a strong professional ethic in pediatrics and advanced the field through both research and medical education. Zhu's lifelong commitment to child health, his scientific contributions, and his moral vision continue to serve as a beacon for the progress of Chinese medicine.

This article commemorates the centenary life and outstanding contributions of Professor Zhou Xiuzhong from the Department of Chemistry, Nankai University. Studying under Xing Qiyi, the founder of organic chemistry, Professor Zhou dedicated over half a century to chemistry education and research at Nankai University. He taught organic chemistry for 40 years, cultivating numerous talents. He established an organosilicon research team, achieving significant scientific breakthroughs, including the discovery of a novel thermal rearrangement reaction that advanced organometallic chemistry. Leading national key scientific projects, he made internationally renowned achievements in olefin polymerization catalysts. With rigorous scholarship and indifference to fame and fortune, he set an excellent example as a scholar, whose educational philosophy and scientific achievements have had a profound impact on academia.

Hou Debang dedicated his entire life to the field of chemical engineering, becoming a pioneer and the founder of China's chemical industry. He made outstanding contributions to the development of the chemical industry both in China and worldwide, particularly in the soda industry. This paper, focusing on Hou Debang as the subject of study, outlines his work in revealing the "Solvay Ammonia Soda Process Method, " his leadership in building Asia's first soda ash plant and China's first integrated plant producing ammonia, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and ammonium sulfate, as well as his development of the "Combined Alkali Process" method and the new "Carbonate Synthesis Ammonia Process for Ammonium Bicarbonate Fertilizer." The historical process is analyzed, highlighting the unique spirit and temperament embodied by the Chinese scientific community through Hou Debang.

While inventing the theory of relativity, Einstein also created a unique philosophical epistemology (a pluralistic tensionalism or pluralistic tensionism with rich connotations and broad extensions, consisting of mild empiricism, conventionalism for constructing the foundation of scientific theory, holism in meaning, scientific rationalism, and realism as a research program) and methodology (exploratory deduction, principle of logical simplicity, quasi aesthetic principle, visual thinking, and cosmic religious thinking or method). The marriage of science and philosophy can be said to be a perfect match and complementary in his scientific career and innovation process. Scientists can be inspired by it and get lessons from it.

钱学森系统工程思想在科技领域产生了重要影响。探讨了钱学森系统工程思想的当代价值与现实意义，指出了钱学森系统工程思想融合了中华优秀传统文化、现代科学文化和马克思主义文化3种文化，提出了钱学森系统工程思想既体现了对传统科学思想的继承和发展，也体现了对现代科学最新成果和方法的充分吸收与运用，是文化自信、科学自信和创新自信的体现。

1974年起，杨振宁与复旦大学谷超豪等学者开展了为期4年的跨学科合作研究。双方围绕规范场、引力场、磁单极理论及瞬子解等核心问题，取得以下关键成果：阐释了规范场与爱因斯坦引力论的深刻联系；在磁单极理论中，证明了SU2与U1规范场磁荷的数学关联性与拓扑同源性，并构建了带磁荷U1规范场表示；基于黎曼几何，首次统一给出欧氏空间瞬子解的全局描述，揭示瞬子拓扑电荷与曲率张量的内在关系。该合作将中国规范场研究提升至国际水平，培养了人才，促进了中外交流，成为跨学科合作典范。

奥斯卡·扎里斯基是20世纪美国杰出的数学家之一，创建了美国代数几何学派。通过深入研究扎里斯基的论著及相关文献，探讨了他在数学领域的卓越成就。扎里斯基自幼对数学怀有浓厚兴趣，在意大利代数几何学派的影响下步入了代数几何的研究道路。他首先运用拓扑学方法研究代数几何，而后运用交换代数方法重构了代数几何的逻辑基础。扎里斯基追求学术严谨性，勇于创新研究方法，培育了诸多后备人才，彰显了崇高的科学家精神。

通过研究诸多非因果解释的案例，朗格将非因果解释分为约束的科学解释、真正的统计学解释、量纲解释和纯数学解释。尽管其在形而上学层面对这4种非因果解释做了同质化处理，但在本质上其理论仍为多元主义。虽然其理论是深刻的，但也存在一些不足：第一，对显著性概念的定义不够清晰；第二，因果解释与非因果解释之间的区分并非清楚明白；第三，尚未论述非因果解释能否避免覆盖律模型面临的问题；第四，其理论的模态形而上学并非无懈可击。

江泽涵是中国著名数学家、数学教育家，中国拓扑学派开创者。学术研究方面，深耕于拓扑学领域，带领团队取得国际瞩目的成果，竭力促进国内数学研究的发展；数学教育方面，重视数学基础教育改革，强调数学竞赛的人才选拔功能和数学史的教育价值，对基础教育产生了积极深远的影响；行政管理方面，积极整顿学风，深入系务改革，大力推动了北大数学系的蓬勃兴盛。通过回顾江泽涵的学术人生和数学贡献，缅怀其留下的教育思想和崇高精神。

美籍华裔物理学家李政道在物理学领域取得了卓越成就。本文以亲历者的视角论述了李政道在中国高能物理发展中做出的巨大贡献。他积极推动北京正负电子对撞机（BEPC）与北京谱仪（BES）建设，通过中美高能物理合作促进τ轻子质量测量实验等重大科研成果的产出。同时，他创立并推动中美联合培养物理类研究生计划（CUSPEA），为中国培养了大批高能物理人才。李政道以热情、谦逊、务实、低调的人格魅力，深刻影响了中国高能物理界，推动了中国的科技、教育事业的发展。

2023年是著名博物学家阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士诞辰200周年、逝世110周年，纪念他的最佳方式是总结和弘扬其精神遗产。以文本细读和个案研究为主要研究方法，在简要回顾华莱士的重要自然科学成就的基础上，着重阐述他为追求真理而无畏艰险的牺牲精神、坚持实地调查的方法论态度、勇于挑战权威的理论创新精神。博物学家华莱士是一位将科学要求与伦理要求相统一，具有高度社会责任感的空想社会主义者，他留给后人的最宝贵的精神财富正是其科学精神与人文关怀。

孙君立是我国第一位研究化学纤维专业并获得博士学位的学者，也是我国化纤工业的创始者和奠基人之一。孙君立早年在商务印书馆从事化学编译工作，针对不同群体，以“孙豫寿”的名字，编译、撰写了大量科学文章和著作，其中《化学战争概论》《实用化学》《中国初中教科书·化学》等都堪称佳作，为现代化学知识在国内的传播起到了重要作用。20世纪30年代起，孙君立开始关注化学纤维，此后赴德国留学，并在多个研究机构中取得丰富的成果，学成归国后投入到我国人造纤维工业的建设中。中华人民共和国成立后，孙君立辗转各地，主持并参与了丹东、上海等多个化纤厂的建设和生产工作，为新中国化纤工业的建立及发展作出了巨大贡献。

党的二十大报告强调了弘扬科学家精神对于科技创新的重要意义。从实证角度阐释科学家精神在杰出科学家身上的生成理路有助于探寻科技创新人才的应然成长路径。基于对国家最高科学技术奖获得者报道材料的语义网络分析，发现几种重要的身份是科学家展现科学家精神的中介因素；基于扎根理论的分析进一步构建了科学家精神的理论模型。根据研究结论得出的启示有：必须重视对科技创新人才的身份塑造、实行科学精神6个内涵的一体教育和重构科学家精神中创新和育人的蕴涵。此外，面向科技创新人才的爱国主义教育必须重视体悟，要帮助科技创新人才树立终身学习的理念，国家和社会要充分肯定科技创新人才家人的贡献。

朱光亚是中国原子弹与氢弹科技攻关的卓越领导者之一，是中国核科学事业的主要开拓者之一，曾任《科技导报》主编。2024年12月，值朱光亚百年诞辰之际，本刊专访了他的长子朱明远先生，旨在深入了解朱光亚一生的卓越贡献。展现了朱光亚注重培养发现能力和探索精神的独特教学风格与学术能力，同时也展现了他充分发扬民主、科学决策的技术型领导风格，以及在组织协调方面的杰出能力。概述了朱光亚关心青年科技人才成长，对中国科技事业发展的深刻思考与前瞻视野。他以身作则、严谨细致、低调奉献，为中国的核事业与科技发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。