This article focuses on amorphous matters and reviews recent advances in amorphous materials and physics. More recently, more than 30% of the lunar soil collected by China's Chang'e-5 mission was found to be glassy, further confirming the widespread existence of amorphous matter in the universe. Topological order and inhomogeneity may be hidden behind the seemingly chaotic structure of amorphous materials, so amorphous matters have strange genetic, sensitive and relaxation behaviors, and show a series of excellent physical and chemical properties, such as extreme stability, super-plasticity, super mechanical behavior and excellent soft magnetic properties. The new generation of Zr-based and Fe-based amorphous alloys developed based on order regulation and high flux technology are successfully applied to core components such as folding mobile phone hinges and new energy vehicle motors, indicating that amorphous matters have irreplaceable application advantages. The future development of amorphous matters should focus on introducing a new paradigm of material research, attaching importance to the importance of process innovation, promoting the cross-integration of multi-disciplinary fields, giving full play to the advantages of advanced characterization technology and large scientific devices, and creating a whole-chain innovation model for production, university and research, so as to actively promote the rapid development of amorphous materials and physics, and expand the application of amorphous matters in high-tech fields. Make the future of mankind a better place.

The territorial ecological security pattern refers to the planning and layout for ecological protection and restoration within the national territory to ensure ecological security. Analyzing the development process and characteristics of China's territorial ecological security pattern holds significant importance for promoting the construction and optimization of the national ecological security pattern. This research reviews the evolution of China's territorial ecological security pattern, clearly identifying the landmark events in each stage. It analyzes the current characteristics of China's territorial ecological security pattern and highlights the key aspects supporting the development of the national spatial ecological security pattern in the future. With the gradual deepening of awareness of ecological security theory and the development of socio-economic factors, the construction of China's territorial ecological security pattern has evolved from addressing the restoration of specific ecological issues to the development of the "two screens and three belts, " and further refined to the current "three screens and four belts." Nowadays, the construction of China's territorial ecological security pattern pays more attention to the integrity and functionality of geographical units in space. It emphasizes integrated governance of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and sands. And it pays more attention to the coordinated layout of ecological, productive, and living spaces to ensure harmony between economic development and ecological security. Given the background of climate change and increasing human activities, more efforts need to be invested in areas such as technological support, comprehensive management, risk response, and guiding public participation to provide solid support for the construction of the territorial ecological security pattern.

It is the obligation of the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to update and revise the National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs). COP15 decision required all parties to revise or update NBSAPs in alignment with the Kunming−Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework including national targets communicated in a standardized format. China's strategic position in biodiversity conservation has been continuously rising. In January 2024, the China's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2023−2030) was officially released. This article reviews the main considerations and elements changed in the update and revision of the NBSAP, and introduces the main contents of the NBSAP, including four priority areas: mainstreaming biodiversity, responding to the threat of biodiversity loss, sustainable utilization and benefit sharing of biodiversity, and modernization of biodiversity governance capacity. Topical issues and newly added priority actions have been analyzed and interpreted. This article also summaries the main implications and practical significance of the NBSAP. A Chinese solution for promoting the implementation of the Kunming−Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework was submitted. NBSAP was connected with domestic policies in the field of biodiversity, guiding local levels to carry out conservation practices, and providing a reference for analyzing and responding to new focuses and new issues in future biodiversity conservation work.

Artificial Intelligence (AI), as a core driver propelling socioeconomic development, is triggering a dual paradigm shift in scientific research (AI for Science, AI4S) and engineering technology (AI for Engineering, AI4E). This paper systematically elaborates on the driving forces, mechanisms, and practical pathways for the paradigm shift in digital ecosystem network development driven by AI4E. It points out that the traditional development paradigm of digital ecosystem networks faces a fundamental conflict between "rigid architectures and diversified scenarios", necessitating reconstruction with the goals of being "hyper-converged, highly trustworthy, and integrated". The paper introduces the critical foundations, technological underpinnings, and operational mechanisms for this AI4E-driven paradigm shift in digital ecosystem networks. It delineates the main characteristics of the new paradigm from perspectives including mindset, methodology, practical norms, and developmental pathways. Furthermore, it presents practical explorations of AI4E-empowered transformation: proposing the Polymorphic Intelligent Network Environment (PINE) based on Generative AI to forge the "second curve" of network technology systems; introducing On-Wafer Generative Vari-Structure Computing to foster new "chip species" of intelligent computing power; promoting endogenous safety and security (ESS) to empower the resilience engineering of digital system networks, thereby enhancing the endogenous security of AI application systems; and advocating for the construction of the "Hyper-Converged Networks and Intelligent Computing Testbed" as a major scientific facility. This testbed will validate the scientific conjecture that "structure determines efficiency/security/diversity", providing support for building an independent knowledge system, advancing independent sci-tech innovation, and deepening reforms in self-reliant talent training. The study provides both a theoretical framework and technological pathways for the paradigm evolution of digital ecosystem networks in the AI era.

美丽中国建设以生态保护和绿色发展为核心，致力于实现人与自然和谐共生，构建生态文明国家。生态学作为研究生物与环境关系的科学，与美丽中国建设密切相关。一方面，生态学为美丽中国政策制定和实施提供理论支持；另一方面，美丽中国建设为生态学理论创新和实践提供了机遇，促进了生态学与现代科技的融合。从美丽中国建设中的生态学内涵出发，识别其中涉及大气环境治疗、生物多样性保护、推动绿色经济发展、水污染和土壤污染、治理等的重点生态学领域，实施中的经验和成效，如能源结构优化、自然保护地体系建设、推动“双碳”目标实施等，从技术方法、理论支持、评估决策及法律机制等方面解析了美丽中国建设对生态学的需求，最后指出了其在概念扩展、理论突破、技术创新、应对气候变化及完善法律机制方面带给生态学未来发展的机遇和启示。

新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动是保障粮食和重要农产品供给、全方位夯实粮食安全根基的重要举措。回顾了当前中国粮食产能现状，并辨析了新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动在中国农业发展中的重要意义，即该行动是保障粮食安全的重要支撑、建设农业强国的重要任务、推进乡村振兴的必然要求及应对外部挑战的有力举措。总结了新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动的主要特征，提出其逻辑转变是由满足生存性需求转向满足品质型需求、由追求面积产量转向追求产能建设、由要素投入提升转向内涵式提升及由聚焦口粮转向口粮饲料粮并重，顺应了中国农业发展趋势。提出了以顶层设计为引领的“1+N”战略框架，以全局性政策规划与细化行动方案为核心，通过4大关键路径加以落实：一是耕地涵养固根基，提升耕地综合产能，为粮食生产奠定稳固基础；二是技术加持提单产，推动单产增效，增强生产效能；三是农机升级减损失，加速农机装备升级，减少生产过程中的损失和浪费；四是责任压实促成效，完善考核监督机制，确保政策落地并产生实效，从而确保粮食产能有效提升，为中国粮食生产稳定发展和国家粮食安全提供有力保障。

随着数字经济的快速发展，算力网络有望成为新一代信息基础设施，其对于发展“新质生产力”的重要性日益凸显。梳理并调研了算力网络的发展需求与现状、发展趋势、关键问题与挑战及应用示范验证。研究发现，算力网络呈现出多元泛在、智能敏捷、安全可靠、绿色低碳等特征。但当前仍处于起步阶段，在技术体系和工作机制方面尚未达成共识。针对上述挑战，从国家、行业和技术层面提出了加快顶层设计和标准制定、推进关键技术研发、构建绿色产业生态等发展建议。这些建议对促进算力网络与传统网络深度融合、加速数字经济发展具有重要意义。

地球生命特别是极端环境生命为地外生命研究提供了唯一的类比对象。围绕地球上类似地外海洋、类火星等极端环境生命和人的生存模式，探讨了相关研究的科学技术问题和重要研究方向。建议通过多学科深度交叉融合，聚焦类地外极端环境下微生物的多样性和多层次适应机制、机体在极端环境下的代谢模式和生存策略、类地外极端环境生命研究关键共性技术开发等重要研究方向，推动相关领域基于大数据和人工智能的研究范式变革。

简要回顾2024年原子核物理科技发展的前沿与热点，放射性核束物理，相对论重离子碰撞物理，中低能与高能的交叉、无中微子双贝塔衰变、超精细结构、核钟、核物质状态方程与核天体物理等交叉学科及核医学等方向，其中有涉及理论的拓展也有实验的突破，这些原子核物理学的发展不断地推动我们对物质基本构成和宇宙演化的深入理解。

2024年，在饮用水新污染物防控领域取得了显著进展。系统回顾和分析了饮用水新污染物组成特征、新污染物环境效应及人体健康风险、饮用水处理工艺对新污染物的去除，以及新污染物去除领域的新技术与新材料研究进展，进一步提出了饮用水中新污染物防控策略与建议。研究表明，饮用水中全氟化合物、抗生素、微塑料及消毒副产物等新污染物的赋存特征备受关注，人工智能技术的融入以及传统饮用水处理工艺与新膜技术的耦合，显著提升了新污染物的削减效率。此外，新型改性活性炭吸附、光催化降解技术、紫外线高级氧化和功能型膜分离技术有助于饮用水新污染物的去除。为进一步强化新污染物的防控和治理工作，基于全生命周期理念，建议从饮用水源新污染物动态筛查、新污染物高效去除工艺与装备研发、环境健康风险评估及完善饮用水源新污染物标准体系等方面持续发力，以保障居民用水安全。

2024年12月5日，美国国家科学院发布了新的十年调查报告《太阳和空间物理探索的未来十年：探索和保护人类的太空家园（2024—2033年）》，这是美国国家科学院发布的第3个用于指导太阳和空间物理（也称日球层物理）领域未来10年发展的战略研究报告，引起了国际空间科学领域的广泛关注。本文对该十年调查报告进行了解读，分析了美国未来10年太阳与空间物理“探索和发现宇宙奥秘、拓展和保护人类太空家园”的发展愿景、科学探索与空间天气的主题以及拟解决的科学问题、科学探测任务等内容，研究了其面向科学发现和社会发展的双重需求，以及通过实施天基与地基的大、中、小型系列任务取得重大突破的战略布局，将对中国太阳和空间物理领域的研究与发展提供有益的启发和借鉴。

极紫外阿秒光源具有极短的脉冲宽度和高光子能量，因此具有超高的时间和空间分辨能力，广泛应用于原子分子物理、凝聚态物理，乃至化学和生物学研究中。目前阿秒光源的脉冲宽度已经突破了50 as，最高光子能量也突破了水窗波段。介绍了阿秒光源的产生及产生过程中相位匹配的原理，论述了孤立阿秒脉冲产生和选通方法；回顾了阿秒光源的发展历程，梳理了阿秒光源在基础物理研究中的应用；展望了未来的阿秒光源将朝向具有更高光子能量、更短脉宽、更高单脉冲能量、更高光子通量和更高重复频率的方向发展；上述参数的不断提高在应用研究中具有重要意义。总结了目前国内外的阿秒光源装置，并指出建设大型阿秒装置，实现高性能的阿秒综合实验是未来重要的发展方向。

本着分门别类、本刊推荐、专家遴选、宁缺毋滥、叙述事实的原则，从国内外重要科技期刊和科技新闻媒体所报道的中国科技成果中，按科学、技术、工程3个类别，由《科技导报》编辑部遴选、推荐候选条目，经《科技导报》编委、审稿人等专家通信评选，推选出2024年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展30项。（1）中国重大科学10项进展分别为：发现迄今全球最早的多细胞真核生物化石；发现新型钙-氧气电池；“拉索”发现高能宇宙线起源关键证据；破解叶绿体基因“转录机器”构造；解密细胞自组织漩涡的机理；实验上首次发现引力子模；提出应用青蒿素类衍生物治疗多囊卵巢综合征的新策略；发现异体通用型CAR-T治疗自身免疫疾病新疗法；发现高丰度绿色元素催化生产低碳烯烃新机制；揭秘月背土壤成分与年代。（2）中国重大技术10项进展分别为：解码抗癌药物紫杉醇的生物合成途径；开发具Pb容量的3D纳米级光盘存储器；研制出大规模智能光计算芯片太极；利用国产型扫描探针显微镜首次“看到”冰表面的原子结构；基于原语表示的类脑互补视觉感知芯片“天眸芯”研制成功；实现以RNA为媒介的基因精准写入；构建超越经典计算机的量子模拟器；研制具有原子尺度局域化光场的奇点介电纳米激光；高性能有机热电材料研究取得重要进展；借助AI破解催化领域重大科学难题。（3）中国重大工程10项进展分别为：中国南极第5站秦岭站建成开站；亚洲第一深水导管架“海基二号”出港；嫦娥六号实现世界首次月球背面采样返回；国家重大工程深中通道正式通车试运营；我国刷新水冷磁体世界纪录；我国首艘大洋钻探船“梦想”号正式入列；我国自主研制世界首台低能量强流高电荷态重离子研究装通过验收；世界最大吨位新型“海上浮式生产储油船”交付离港；全球最大压缩空气储能电站开工；世界最长高速公路隧道天山胜利隧道顺利贯通。

《地外原位资源利用差距评估报告》是国际空间探索协调组（ISECG）定期更新的关于全球太空探索任务的汇总文件，旨在推动全球太空探索与原位资源利用（ISRU）的可持续性。首先，基于ISRU的总体目标与关键结构分解，总结了目前针对ISRU技术、试验测试设备以及星壤模拟物3方面开展的评估工作，并进行归类比较。其次，通过重点解析此报告的ISRU差距评估内容，依次对各参与国当前在原位资源勘查、原位资源采集和预处理、生产消耗品的资源加工、生产建造和制造原料的资源加工、月面原位建造、地外空间制造6大关键领域的技术研究重心与优势展开具体的分析。最后，提出了基于解析此报告对ISRU技术的多学科融合研究、高保真极端环境模拟平台建设以及结合深空探测需求推进高水平ISRU任务实施的展望。