For the event sponsored by Science & Technology Review to select Chinese annual top advances in science, technology and engineering, altogether top 10 scientific, top 10 technological and top 10 engineering achievements during January 1 to December 31 of 2025 have been selected from respective published influential academic journals and scientific newspapers. The selection procedure involved screening and recommending candidates internally, followed by appraisal of experts including editorial board members and external reviewers. This article introduces these achievements in a time sequence of publishing.

Propylene, as a raw material in modern industry, holds significant importance for achieving the carbon neutrality goals through innovations in low−carbon technologies. Current propane dehydrogenation (PDH) technology faces core challenges such as high catalyst costs, frequent side reactions, thermodynamic equilibrium limitations, and elevated process energy consumption, which urgently demand breakthroughs via transformative technologies. This study summarizes key pathways for the green and low−carbon development of PDH technology, reviewing recent advancements in rational design and precise construction of catalyst, dynamic regulation and in−situ coupling of reaction pathways, and process intensification through reaction−separation integration. In terms of catalyst development, precise regulation methods based on density functional theory and machine learning have driven the rational design of catalysts with high activity, high selectivity, and strong resistance to coking, with Pt−based single−atom alloys, intermetallic compounds, and highly stable oxide systems demonstrating excellent performance. In terms of reaction process coupling, integrating endothermic dehydrogenation with exothermic reactions (such as selective hydrogen combustion and aromatization) effectively breaks the thermodynamic equilibrium limitations, and decreases the reaction temperature. In terms of process integration and optimization, the incorporation of technologies such as heat pump waste heat recovery, catalyst−membrane systems, chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation has significantly reduced energy consumption and carbon emissions. By advancing critical technologies such as catalytic system innovation, reaction coupling, and process integration, advanced low−carbon PDH technologies characterized high performance, and intelligence can be established, thereby driving the green and low−carbon transformation of the light olefin industry.

The definition of spatio−temporal Intelligence (STI) is presented, and its characteristics of digitalization, informatization, networking, intelligence, and real−time performance in geomatics, remote sensing, and geographic information science are revealed, as well as its significant position in the field of artificial intelligence. The innovative evolution of STI from positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services to positioning, navigation, timing, remote sensing, and communication (PNTRC) services is reviewed and discussed. Furthermore, the application cases of STI in various fields, including the low−altitude economy, public safety and health, autonomous driving and robotics, smart grids and smart factories, forest and grassland monitoring, intelligent management of national parks, and emergency management, are explored. The important role of STI in promoting the development of new quality productive forces is demonstrated.