Firstly, the paper sorts the new changes of global economic and technological governance pattern from four aspects: the rise of emerging economies, contest between openness and protection, technology-based economic competition between the United States and China, and the multilateral and unilateral confrontation. Secondly, a general idea of building an open and innovative system is proposed concerning strengthening China's overall coordination in global science and technology governance, domestic governance and global governance, independent innovation, and open innovation, government, market and social mechanisms. Finally, this paper puts forward the key tasks and suggestions for building an open innovative system in terms of promoting original breakthroughs in core technologies, deepening international cooperation in scientific and technological innovation, building an international platform for scientific and technological cooperation, and enhancing the soft power of national scientific and technological innovation.

China is entering a critical period of innovative development transition and the economy is moving towards highquality development. There is an urgent need to strengthen the transformation and construction of national innovation system and to build a new idea of governance. This paper intends to focus on the analysis of some main problems concerning transformation and construction of national innovation system, and to explore the overall governance thinking from the following aspects: government guiding role, market decisive role in allocating resources, and scientific community autonomous role. Finally, policy recommendations are proposed focusing on strengthening basic research, attaching importance to application demonstration, stimulating institutional innovation and improving the level of openness.

According to the trend of the evolution from innovation system to innovation ecosystem, this article points out that science and technology innovation governance is being flourished. Starting from the three main characteristics of the innovation ecosystem, this paper argues that technology, organization and mechanism（TOM） are the three key factors that affect the governance efficiency of scientific and technological innovation. And it suggests to strengthen the exploration and practice of enabling technology, evolutionary organization and policy entrepreneurs in the governance process of scientific and technological innovation in China.

At present, multi-source outbreak appears in the process of cross convergence in many fields of science and technology. Allocation of scientific and technological innovation resources is changing to the way of multi-body participation in consultation. Major countries have actively built a scientific and efficient scientific and technological innovation governance system to cope with the change. In this article, we focus on the important aspects of international science and technology innovation governance, including risk early warning, national consultation, public-private partnership, policy combination, innovation supervision, and smart specialization. Moreover, typical policy tools such as forward-looking planning, multiagent cogovernance, multiparty benefit sharing, optimization of innovation resource allocation, high-risk technology application supervision, and science and technology innovation driven regional development are investigated. The practice abroad can provide the experience for the scientific construction of China's science and technology innovation governance system.

As a new type of production factor, data has many characteristics that are different from traditional production factors. Data has become the focus of public policy in various countries in the wave of fourth industrial revolution. The United States, European Union, United Kingdom, and China, as leaders and catch-up's of the international competitive landscape in the fields of big data and artificial intelligence, have recently introduced many public policies around data use and protection. This article systematically reviews the historical lineage of the four countries' policies, summarizes the characteristics of their data governance policy frameworks, and based on an international comparison presents three enlightenments for future development of China’ s data governance policies. First, data governance policies should be based on national core interests and compatible with the development of China's digital economy. Second, both data utilization and protection should be considered in order to promote the common development of innovation and governance. Finally, the construction and leadership of digital infrastructure and data standards should be highlighted.

As an emerging biotechnology, the study of human-animal chimeras is of great significance. However, there are huge ethical and social controversies which bring unprecedented challenges to the current legal rules and governance system. This paper argues that based on the undeniable benefits of research on human-animal chimeras and its potential ethical and social issues, as well as issues in accordance with specific types of research, we should not simply allow or prohibit all researches in this field but rather adopt the adaptive and flexible governance strategy of close monitoring and case by case analysis. The paper puts forward suggestions on governance strategies from the perspectives of law and ethical norms, review and supervision, public debates and scientific dissemination, so as to strike a balance between biotechnological progress and ethical restrictions and ensure healthy and orderly development of the research field.

Standards are technical support for economic activities and social development, and play an increasingly prominent role in modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. In particular, high-quality economic and social development in the new area cannot be achieved without the support of standardization governance system. The standardization governance system of China is initially formed and is facing many development problems. In this article, by learning from mature models and development practice of American, European and Japanese standardization governance systems and to meet the need of modernization of national governance system and governance capacity, some development strategies are put forward, including improving the organization and management mechanism of standardization, establishing a long-term mechanism for multiple parties to participate in standards formulation and revision, building a training mechanism for standardized compound professional team, and improving the working mechanism for internationalization of Chinese standards.

This research systematically sorts out the international legislative practice on the establishment and operation of national laboratories from a perspective of the rule of law. Through summarizing and analyzing the general practice of international laboratories, it presents laws and regulations for creating and managing national laboratories. The research also introduces the progress and present situation of science and technology legislation in China. Based on this comprehensive research, some enlightenments and references are drawn. It is hoped that this research can provide a useful reference for the systemic construction of China's national laboratories.

Extensive application of information technology has become an effective means for major countries to promote modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. In the information era, it is important to combine the innovation of information technology with the reform of national governance system to realize simultaneous development of national governance and informationization. From the perspective of collaborative evolution of informationization and national governance modernization, this paper reexamines the experience, issues and challenges in how informationization supports national governance modernization. This paper also discusses the key tasks of accelerating coordinated development of national governance modernization and informationization, so as to advance the improvement of national governance informationization.

Social governance is an important part of the national governance system. Firstly, this paper reviews the challenges and opportunities of technological innovation for social governance. On this basis, it then analyzes some typical practice of social governance innovation supported by technology. Finally it draws three conclusions.

Scientific and technological innovation is a new engine of urban development. While providing intelligent governance tools, it also forms a gap in urban governance and intensifies the governance process uncertainty. We try in this article to unify the relationship between the two from the aspects of national strategy implementation, industrial transformation and upgrading, urban governance tools update, technological innovation process and results. Under the logical framework of people-orientedinnovation-coordination, we propose to change government functions, highlight subject demonstration and guidance, strengthen social supervision, clarify the positioning and responsibility of each subject in urban governance, and adhere to the stability, security and humanity of urban society. On this basis, we put forward specific requirements on key issues such as the path to urban governance goals, boundaries of intelligent tools, provision of urban public services, and dynamic supervision of governance processes. We also pay attention to the combination of the rule of law and the rule of virtue to perfect and innovate the institutional mechanism of urban governance.

Taking Shanghai as the leader, and Nanjing, Hangzhou, Hefei and other cities as the backbone, we will speed up the construction of the Yangtze River Delta science and technology innovation circle and jointly build mechanisms for technology transfer service, science and technology financial service, innovation resource sharing, science and technology park cooperation, innovation environment guarantee, etc., which can help better form the overall innovation community governance mechanism for deep integration of science and technology and innovation industry, and facilitate faster promotion. A high-efficient and coordinated regional innovation governance capability is the first factor to explore a feasible path for integration of regional innovation in China.