Human phenomics research stands as the strategic high ground in the post−genomic era, and the launch of the International Human Phenome Project (IHPP) has garnered broad consensus within the global scientific community. The IHPP centers on the core scientific challenge of "delineating the associations and regulatory mechanisms between genes, phenotypes, and the environment, as well as between macro− and micro−phenotypes". Its primary objective is to establish the next−generation scientific "human phenome map" for life sciences and biomedicine. This ambitious vision has earned widespread recognition and enthusiastic support from the global scientific community. The paradigm of phenomics research is profoundly advancing the study of human health mechanisms and catalyzing a shift in healthcare models from a "disease−centric" to a "health−centric" approach. With the rapid development of precision phenotyping technologies and the deep integration with artificial intelligence, standardizing semantic identifiers, data governing, and establishing robust data−sharing ecosystems will emerge as pivotal challenges for future phenomics research.
Following the full value chain of "feedstocks–technologies–processes–products," biomanufacturing is rapidly advancing toward high efficiency and sustainability. This review first analyzes the limitations of traditional grain−based feedstocks and highlights the latest developments in sustainable raw material systems—including non−food resources, biomass, and one−carbon substrates—which collectively support the establishment of a secure and robust feedstock base for biomanufacturing. On the technology side, we systematically examine advances in foundational tools such as gene editing, metabolic engineering, computational design, and artificial intelligence (AI), emphasizing their roles in the precise design of chassis cells, industrial enzymes, and high−performance microbial strains. These technologies are driving biomanufacturing toward higher efficiency, modularization, and intelligence. At the process level, key innovations in intelligent cell factories, precision fermentation, online monitoring, digital twins, and the domestic development of smart equipment are discussed, highlighting the transition from experience−driven operations to model−driven and intelligent decision−making. On the product side, we summarize industrialization progress and application prospects across pharmaceuticals, food, chemicals, and materials. Finally, we address critical bottlenecks facing China's biomanufacturing—such as limited autonomy in strain development and reliance on imported high−end equipment—and propose directions for key technological breakthroughs, providing guidance for future technology roadmaps and industrial development.
China's pharmaceutical industry has made remarkable progress in development, yet it also faces significant challenges in technological innovation and industrial upgrading. This paper provides a systematic overview of the technological architecture underlying synthetic biomanufacturing, highlighting its core advantages grounded in the use of renewable feedstocks, environmentally benign processes, and superior atom economy. On this basis, the paper offers an in−depth discussion of the innovative applications and recent advancements of synthetic biomanufacturing in the synthesis of chemical active pharmaceutical ingredients, bioactive constituents of modernized traditional Chinese medicine, and macromolecular therapeutics including proteins and antibodies. Despite its promising outlook, the field still faces key constraints such as suboptimal technology translation efficiency, barriers to interdisciplinary integration, and limited end−to−end process consolidation across the value chain. To overcome these limitations, it is imperative to strengthen AI−enabled enzyme engineering and metabolic pathway optimization, while promoting deeper convergence with materials science, chemical engineering, and related disciplines to establish next−generation biomanufacturing platforms. In conclusion, synthetic biomanufacturing represents both a strategic driver and an indispensable pathway for advancing China's pharmaceutical industry toward greater precision, efficiency, and intelligence, thereby reinforcing its global competitiveness.
The biopharmaceuticals have diverse types, complex sources, low contents, and variable structures. Separation and purification are the core of biopharmaceutical manufacturing. This article first elaborates on the main methods in the purification of biopharmaceuticals and the challenges currently faced. Secondly, it analyzes the limited types of marketed chromatography media and equipment, as well as the low domestication level, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements for efficient biopharmaceuticals manufacturing. It then introduces the key progress made in the development of new−generation chromatography media and efficient separation equipment, including media with uniform−sized media, superporous media, high−capacity media, media with controllable surface properties, mixed−mode media, affinity media, and porous membrane media, as well as continuous flow chromatography, anti−pollution membrane components, reaction and separation coupled systems, and separation and detection coupled systems. It also covers the establishment of relevant quality standards. Finally, it proposes suggestions for the future development of advanced chromatography media and integrated equipment, namely expanding the separation mechanisms, forming an innovative material and equipment cluster, strengthening the multiple synergies between efficient chromatography media and equipment and major and frontier biopharmaceuticals, overcoming core technical difficulties and obstacles in the industrial chain development, highlighting the key points of domestication, greenness, and intelligence in industrialization development.
Amidst the deep integration of technological revolution and industrial transformation, food biomanufacturing, powered by synthetic biology, is reconstructing the production paradigms of the food industry through cutting−edge approaches such as precision gene editing, AI−assisted enzyme engineering, and intelligent fermentation. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the bio−manufacturing of fundamental ingredients such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, as well as food additives including colorants, sweeteners, and acidulants. It highlights the potential of microbial proteins, artificial starch, and functional lipids in enhancing production efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. However, several technical bottlenecks remain, including challenges in texture and flavor modulation of proteins, high costs in scale−up production, and the lack of comprehensive safety evaluation systems. To address these challenges, we propose strengthening AI−driven strain design, developing efficient carbon−fixing chassis cells, and establishing standardized nutrition and safety assessment frameworks to accelerate industrial translation. In conclusion, food bio−manufacturing holds promise for restructuring the global food supply chain and paves the way toward a green, efficient, and sustainable food system.
Renewable energy−driven biological conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) represents an emerging carbon−neutral technology integrating clean energy with biotechnology. By harnessing energy from renewable sources such as solar power and green electricity, this approach drives microbial or enzyme−catalyzed systems to convert CO2 into high−value chemicals, fuels, materials etc., which demonstrates significant potential. This paper reviews CO2 bioconversion pathways driven by clean energy sources including solar energy, green electricity (photovoltaic, wind, etc.), and geothermal/biomass energy. It summarizes progress and key case studies on achieving CO2 bioconversion through various critical technological approaches: nature−artificial hybrid systems, photoelectrochemical microbial coupling, microbial electrochemistry, and enzyme−electrocatalysis. Research indicates that despite continuous breakthroughs in enhancing carbon fixation efficiency and expanding product diversity, core challenges persist, including low energy transfer efficiency, limitations of natural carbon fixation pathways, complex metabolic network regulation, and low product yields. Consequently, this paper recommends that future research focus on designing efficient bio−abiotic interfaces, developing dynamic metabolic regulation strategies, and innovating low−energy, high−economic−value integrated technological processes. The review demonstrates that optimizing carbon fixation pathways and carbon flow direction to establish a sustainable "renewable energy−carbon conversion−high−value products" industrial chain enables the transformation of CO2 into high−value chemicals. This approach synergistically advances carbon reduction, pollution mitigation, green growth, and carbon neutrality development.
To achieve the "Dual Carbon" goals, industrial biomanufacturing must transits toward green sustainability. Bottlenecks such as high−water consumption, sterilization energy demands, and discontinuous processes have driven the development of next generation biomanufacturing centered on extremophiles (e.g., Halomonas spp.). Their non−sterile open fermentation significantly reduces energy consumption and operational costs. This review highlights Halomonas bluephagenesis as a chassis strain: Through synthetic biology approaches—including the development of specific genetic regulatory tools, optimization of gene editing, accelerated evolution methods, metabolic pathway and cell morphology engineering, Halomonas bluephagenesis has been successfully constructed into an efficient platform. It can utilize diverse and low−cost waste carbon sources (e.g., starch, cellulose, acetate, food wastes) to synthesize biodegradable bioplastics (PHA), high−value small molecules, amino acids, and proteins. Future efforts should focus on developing more versatile synthetic biology toolkits, enhancing the robustness of large−scale fermentation processes, and improving the integration between carbon source pretreatment and process engineering. In conclusion, next generation Halomonas−based biomanufacturing, leveraging the combined advantages of extreme contamination−resistant chassis+synthetic biology tools+process simplification, effectively overcomes inherent limitations of traditional methods. Its significant economic efficiency and environmental compatibility provide crucial support for building a green, sustainable biomanufacturing system and realizing the dual carbon goals.
This paper generalizes the positive−and−negative response processes of alpine forest ecosystems to avalanches and their underlying mechanisms, as well as the impacts of climate change on avalanche activities and their ecological effects. The current researches have indicated that: 1) Snow avalanches have positive effects, such as increasing biodiversity and improving soil conditions, but they also have negative effects such as vegetation destruction and the decline of biodiversity. 2) Under climate change, shifts in avalanche types, frequency, and magnitude significantly compromise stability of forest ecosystem structure and function. Notably, the increasing prevalence of wet snow avalanches—characterized by higher mobility and erosivity—exacerbates soil erosion and impedes vegetation recovery. 3) Under global warming, thermal stress drives upward forest migration, while frequent avalanche disturbances force treeline depression. This two−pronged pressure greatly increase the risk of forest loss in avalanche−prone areas. Such ecosystem degradation will severely undermine regional carbon sequestration capacity, further amplifying localized warming and triggering a positive feedback loop of enhanced avalanche activity. Consequently, vegetation autonomously adapts to dynamic avalanche environments through altered survival and reproductive strategies. Meanwhile, it is imperative to advance research on the feedback mechanisms between avalanches and ecosystems. This can be achieved by implementing human interventions such as identifying genes of dominant species and afforestation in avalanche−prone areas to enhance the resilience of these ecosystems under climate change and mitigate avalanche risks.
Functional near−infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neurofeedback technology is an emerging non−invasive brain function modulation technique. This article reviews the relevant studies on fNIRS neurofeedback in improving post−stroke dyskinesia, cognitive impairment, and emotional disorders, analyzes the feasibility and effectiveness of fNIRS neurofeedback in post−stroke rehabilitation training, then discusses the problems in the development of this field, and finally summarizes the future research trend of fNIRS neurofeedback in post−stroke rehabilitation training, to provide a reference for follow−up research.
As technology foresight activities continue to expand from scientific and technological fields to economic, social, and other comprehensive fields, vision analysis is becoming increasingly important. In recent years, the vision analysis in technology foresight activities in Japan has been maturing, and it is necessary to conduct an in−depth study on it to support the optimization and improvement of technology foresight activities in China. A summary and comparative study of vision analysis cases in Japan's 10th, 11th and 12th technology foresight activities is conducted from the aspects of goal orientation, organizational process, methodological innovation, and specific vision. On the basis of analyzing the research methodology, practice points and future development trend of vision analysis, the study proposes to continue to carry out in−depth research on the vision of the future society, and play the role of vision in gathering social consensus and driving the development of science and technology; expand the scope of the main subjects involved in technology foresight, and enhance the participation of different stakeholders in all aspects; carry out risk foresight of emerging technologies, and examine the trend of technology development and application from multiple perspectives; strengthen the exchange and cooperation of technology foresight, and expand the results of technology foresight activities through multiple channels. It also proposes to strengthen the exchange and cooperation of technology foresight and expand the popularization and publicity of the results through multiple channels, with a view to providing reference for the development of technology foresight activities in China.
This article tells the story of Peng Kunchi's cutting−edge scientific research, talent cultivation, building of a research team capable of tackling tough problems, and the establishment of a top laboratory, highlighting his spirit of patriotism, innovation, pragmatism, dedication, collaboration, and education. It also explains that the spirit of scientists is not an unrealistic goal set by humans for scientists to pursue; even before the concept was established, there were outstanding scientists who were practicing it in their research work.
