28 September 2013, Volume 31 Issue 27

    

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  CO₂-EATER Model on Guantao Formation of Beitang Sag

  LI Yiman;PANG Zhonghe;YANG Fengtian;

  . 2013, 31(27): 15-20. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.27.001

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  Low reinjectivity of geothermal waste water has become the bottle-neck for sustainable use of low-medium temperature geothermal resources widely found in sedimentary basins of China. Based on conceptual model of CO₂-EATER(CO₂-Enhanced Aquifer Thermal Energy Recovery). Tertiary sandstone reservoir of Guantao formation in Beitang sag of the Middle of Huanghua Depression is taken as a testing example. Water-rock-CO₂ reaction at a temperature of 100℃ and a pressure of 10MPa is carried out for 10d using high temperature & high pressure Parr, to understand the corresponding effects on component changes of formation water and minerals as well as formation porosity and permeability. Results show that after CO₂ injection, pH dropped from original 7.7 to 6.3 and components like HCO-3, Ca, Na and K showed significant rise. The reason is that dissolved CO₂ forming acidic conditions and cations like K, Ca and Na were released into formation water due to dissolution of feldspar and carbonate minerals, which are also confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results. Water isotopes results also indicate that artificial CO₂ addition into formation water accelerates water-rock interaction and leads to "Reversed oxygen-shifts" of δ¹⁸O_H2O and δ²H_H2O by 3.5‰ and 3‰, respectively. It can be concluded that CO₂ injection can stimulate the geothermal reservoirs and CO₂-EATER model is feasible for Tertiary Guantao formation of Beitang sag.
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  Mechanism of Sensitizing Effect of PPARα Activation on Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in Cancer Cells

  LUO Judong;XUE Jiao;GE Xin;GE Yangyang;CAO Jianping;ZHANG Shuyu

  . 2013, 31(27): 21-26. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.27.002

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  Whether epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) regulates the expression of PPARα and the effect of PPARα on EGCG sensitivity. Firstly, CCK-8 kit was used to detect cell viability. Western blotting and real-time PCR was used to measure the protein and mRNA level, respectively. PPARα agonist clofibrate and inhibitor GW6471 were used to alter PPARα expression. Luciferase reporter system and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used to investigate the effect of PPARα on HO-1 expression. EGCG inhibits the viability of cancer cell in a dose-dependent manner. When cancer cells were exposed to EGCG, the expression of PPARα was increased at the protein level in a dose-dependent manner. The PPARα agonist clofibrate attenuated heme oxygenase (HO-1) induction and sensitized cancer cells to EGCG-induced cell death. However, the PPARα inhibitor GW6471 increased HO-1 expression. In vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) confirmed that PPARα interacts with the peroxisome proliferator-responsive sequence of the HO-1 promoter. These results indicate that PPARα is a direct negative regulator of HO-1 activation by EGCG and confers cell susceptibility to EGCG.
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  Bioinformatics Prediction of AgB1 Antigen Epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus

  MA Xiumin;HU Xiaoan;TUERXUN Arzgul;LI Yanhua;LIU Xuelei;ZHU Ming;DING Jianbing

  . 2013, 31(27): 27-30. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.27.003

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  The secondary structure, B cell and T cell epitopes for the AgB1 antigen protein of Echinococcus granulosus were predicted and analyzed. According to the gene sequences of AgB1 antigen, the protein secondary structure was analyzed by PredictProtein, and B cell and T cell epitopes of AgB1 were predicted by Internet website Bcepred, Abcpred, IEDB and SYFPEITHI. The results show that many distinct antigenic epitopes of AgB1 were identified by computation, and the high scored B cell epitopes in the regions of 2-9, 15-20, 22-35 and 41-52. The possible T cell epitopes is in the regions of 3-12, 26-33, 34-44 and 52-61. In this study it is determined that there are 4 B cell dominant epitopes and 4 T cell ones in AgB1 antigen by bioinformatics methods,which are significant in the further research of AgB1 antigenic and development of the immune diagnosis method.
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  Canopy Volume Measurement Method Based on Point Cloud Data

  BI Yinli;QI Lishuai;CHEN Shulin;LI Lijuan;LIU Sheng

  . 2013, 31(27): 31-36. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.27.004

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  In the field of forestry, the terrestrial 3D laser scanning (TLS) technology is used to obtain the measurement factors in survey, but not so often to measure the volume of shrubs. This paper discusses the TLS system components, the operating principle, based on the point cloud data of the amorpha, and the crown height and the crown diameter of 29 amorpha plants were measured. With the overall convex hull algorithm, the sliced convex hull algorithm, the slice segmentation algorithm and the three-dimensional grid algorithm, the canopy volume was determined, then the canopy volume, the crown height and the crown diameter were correlated, and thus the appropriate measurement method for the shrub volume was selected. The results show that the stereo grid algorithm is the best way to measure the canopy volume of plant, which has the same structural characteristics with amorpha, and can be used as the foundation for the TLS technology to monitor wild shrub growth conditions.
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  Numerical Simulation of Landfill Liner System in Direct Shear Test

  GUO Xingwen;HUANG Luye;SHI Jianyong

  . 2013, 31(27): 37-42. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.27.005

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  This paper investigates the shearing behavior of the liner system by using the ANSYS software. The numerical model of the direct shear test is built. The shear stress nephograms of the liner system between the geomembrane and the clay in different load steps under different normal pressures indicate the locations of the maximum shear stress, and the characteristics of the interface shear stress-displacement relations. It is shown that the stress-displacement curve does not display a hardening behavior under a low normal pressure, however, with the increase of the normal pressure the hardening behavior of the stress-displacement curve becomes more evident. The shear stress at the edge is larger than that in other places in the model. The macroscopic phenomena of the direct shear test are reproduced by the numerical simulations, and it is indicated that the numerical simulations is an effective way to study the mechanism of the internal liner system.
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  Analysis on Modeling Capability of Dynamic Failure in Centrifugal Modeling Test

  LI Rongjian;LIU Junding;LI Haitao;YAN Rui

  . 2013, 31(27): 43-48. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.27.006

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  Aiming at different similar levels on the dynamic response and the simulation of dynamic failure between the model and the prototype in geotechnical dynamic centrifugal model test, the similar scale and the choice of model material for geotechnical centrifuge modeling were anylyzed, and then the issues of principle and design on the simulation of dynamic response and dynamic failure in geotechnical dynamic centrifugal model test were proposed. Finally, the dynamic response laws and the failure characteristics of model concrete pile in geotechnical dynamic centrifugal model tests were discussed by means of the developed model piles with four kinds of diameters. Results show that the stabilizing piles with the small diameter under the condition of static cracking due to insufficient bearing capacity, can be led to pile section fracture penetration under dynamic action; the stabilizing piles with the larger diameter under the condition of static stability, but can show cracking destruction under dynamic action; the stabilizing piles with the largest diameter under static and dynamic conditions are not crazed, but the fracture damage can occur under dynamic action in the high water level. As a result of the scale of the model and the prototype strictly meet the similarity scale, so these model test results can reflect the failure mechanism of the prototype stabilizing piles.
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  Research on Transport of Tailings Contaminant Based on Improved Permeability Coefficient

  XIE Xuebin;RAO Baowen;LUO Haixia;WANG Shasha;LIN Xiaoguang;LIU Sijin

  . 2013, 31(27): 49-54. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.27.007

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  Fredlund analytic relations function was used to describe the relationship between the coefficient permeability and the matric suction, through which the permeability coefficient was improved to be a function, and heavy metal migration process under the seepage conditions was explored. A two-dimensional numerical migration model of tailings contaminants was established based on the percolation theory, and the finite element method was used to solve the model. Coupled with the solute transport sub-model, the seepage results were used for calculation as the parent model. The results show that, during the service of the tailings, the migration of heavy metal ion contaminants expands their scope and size in the surrounding soil, the concentration of the contaminants becomes smaller and smaller with the distance of migration increases. The contaminants exposed beyond the slope begins to impact on the surrounding environment when the migration of heavy metal contaminant model is calculated under seepage by 2750 days, and the migration paths of the contaminant are concluded under the seepage conditions. The results calculated by the improved permeability coefficient conform to the environmental monitoring data of the tailings. Under the condition of the allowed model error, the computation results are reliable, which can provide a theoretical basis for the safety management and environmental monitoring of tailings.
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  Field-induced of Transmission Light Relaxation Response Behaviors of Ni₂O₃/Fe₂O₃ Nanocomposites Ferrofluids

  HAN Shaona;CHENG Hua

  . 2013, 31(27): 55-58. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.27.008

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  The preparation of Ni₂O₃/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposites ferrofluids is introduced. The change of the light transmittance with the on-off of the magnetic field is investigated after the light beam parallel to the direction of magnetic field goes through the ferrofluids samples under the influence of external magnetic field with different strength. Result shows that for different volume fractions of ferrofluids, the declining relaxation time of light transmittance increases gradually while the increasing relaxation time decreases with the increase of on-off time in the magnetic field. In the same magnetic field, the larger the volume fraction, the smaller the minimum value of the light transmission. Correspondingly, the time dropping to the minimum and returning to the maximum of the light transmission becomes shorter. The formation of particle chains and the micro-movement of chain in the ferrofluids are discussed and the micro-mechanism of the experimental results is analyzed qualitatively.
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  Application of an Improved Ant Colony Algorithm in Fault Automatic Tracking

  ZHAO Junsheng;SUN Zandong

  . 2013, 31(27): 59-64. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.27.009

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  The attribute of faults is the basis on fault automatic tracking. However, the attributes include some false information from stratification and noises, which make the position and intersection relationship of fault system not clear, and it is difficult to identify and take up the fault. Furthermore,the fault extension has a certain direction, which is different from noise. Based on this characteristics, the gradient direction of the block is calculated to constrain the ant tracking range, and the consistency of direction is calculated to differentiate between the fault and the noise. Finally, faults will be tracked automatically in the coherence data volume or other fault enhanced data volume by ant colony algorithm. In addition, automatic tracking faults are refined by Zhang-Suen algorithm to obtain the fault line that can be applied to seismic interpretation. The results of numerical model show that this method is feasible and available in the automatic tracking fault and suppression of noise. Field data processing results also show that algorithm based on constraints of the gradient direction is an effective method to trace the fault, and has certain advantages in improving calculation efficiency, decreasing calculation amount and reducing noise.
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  Progress in Combination of CO₂ Geological Storage and Deep Saline Water Recovery

  LI Qi;WEI Yani

  . 2013, 31(27): 65-70. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.27.010

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  CO₂ capture, utilization and storage(CCUS) shows very a charming development prospect in China. CO₂ geological storage combined with deep saline water recovery (CO₂-EWR), as a new CCUS technology which not only achieves deep emission reduction, but also alleviates the water shortage situation, is no doubt a win-win choice ensuring national energy security for China's energy structure with coal. China mainland can be partitioned into three potential CO₂-EWR zones mainly according to the different types of aquifer system. Considering Research and Development(R & D) maturity and cost prediction of the technology, coal power and coal chemical enterprises in the western region has an early opportunity, so analysis and evaluation mainly focus on coal chemical industry in the western China (Zone One) in this study. CO₂-EWR technical elements in the full chain technology are discussed on the basis of outline of CO₂-EWR concept, significance and overview of latest research, and finally CO₂-EWR technology development and important implementation direction are pointed out.
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  Recent Advances in Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites

  TANG Longcheng;WAN Yanjun;GAO Xiaoyu;ZHAO Li

  . 2013, 31(27): 71-79. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.27.011

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  Graphene, the two-dimensional sp2-hybridized carbon, is currently the most intensively studied material. The unique structural elements endow graphene with excellent electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. Recently, graphene has been widely used to prepare polymer-based nanocomposites. However, the application of graphene in polymer is challenged by issues of production, storage and processing. This article reviews the state-of-the-art progress in the fabrication, properties and potential applications of graphene/polymer nanocomposites. Three main routes (solution blending, melt mixing and in situ polymerization) used to produce the graphene/polymer composite materials are introduced, and the processing on the micro-structures of graphene in various polymer matrices is also introduced. The strategies to tailor the strength, stiffness and toughness, electrical and thermal properties of the graphene/polynmer composites are summarized. Generally speaking, chemical modifications including covalent and non-covalent interactions are helpful to improve the dispersion/exfoliation and interface in the composites. The mechanical properties including modulus, strength and toughness of the graphene/polymer are related with these parameters. Moreover, the influence of graphene on the thermal and electrical properties of the polymer composites is further reviewed. In addition, the challenges and applications of the graphene/polymer composites associated with the production, processing and performance enhancement are discussed. Future perspectives for production of graphene/polymer composites in a large quantity at low cost are also put forward.