18 August 2013, Volume 31 Issue 23

    

• Select all
  |

Articles
• Select
  EPS Patterns in the Neolithic Age of China and Supernova Explosion

  ZHAO Fuyuan;XU Lin;ZHANG Chengmin;STROM Richard

  . 2013, 31(23): 15-21. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.001

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  Within the different prehistoric cultures 4000-8000 years ago in the Neolithic Age of China, a "burst" of Eight-Pointed Star (called bajiaoxing in Chinese) patterns has been found in recent decades. In both northern and southern China at more than 20 prehistoric sites (the northernmost from Inner Mongolia, southernmost found in Hunan Province; easternmost from the Shandong Peninsula, and westernmost from Qinghai Province) these eight-pointed-star patterns have been unearthed. The earliest known of such star shapes was found in the 7800 year old Gaomiao ruins, Hunan Province. Since in the Neolithic Age people lived in remote places, had hardly any means of mutual communication (there is no trace of a written language; information communicated by spoken language spreads slowly), while usage of the eight-pointed-star pattern quickly became widespread, we conclude that the appearance was not a chance event. It is suggested that the possibility that these star patterns were a reflection or depiction of an astronomical phenomenon which was observed by and greatly impressed people who lived in different parts of Neolithic China. Through a comparison with Sun-like patterns discovered in relics of the same period an explanation is preferred by us that the eight-pointed-star patterns recorded and depict a supernova explosion rather than the Sun. Checking supernova remnants in the Galaxy from modern observations, and taking account of the remnant parameters of distance, age and position, It is suggested that the exploded supernovae of Vela and the Cygnus Loop could be candidates for the Neolithic eight-pointed star, the former with a higher probability. It is interesting that even today the remnant of the Vela supernova still has several "horns".
• Select
  Simulation of Fault of Tank’s Sighting System due to Fretting of Optical Parts

  LI Qiang;ZHANG Xufan;YAN Xingpeng;CHENG Gaofeng

  . 2013, 31(23): 22-25. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.002

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  Because of the complex structure on the observation equipment, the maintenance staff are lack of understanding for new equipment. It is difficult to find the fault caused by optical parts fretting. So the staff can not offer the technical guarantee for new equipment. Aiming at this problem, by means of mathematical tools to express optical parts imaging laws. Studying the fretting theory and building the fretting model. With the computer simulation technology, combining with optical fretting theory and practical problems, producting a set of simulation software and showing the influence of optical parts fretting. The results show that the fretting of optical parts influence the imaging effect and firing accuracy. For the maintenance training of universal and serialized sighting telescope, the simulation research provides technical means.
• Select
  Finite Element Analysis and Measured Validation of Deep Main Ore Pass Collapse

  LUO Zhouquan;JIA Nan;XIE Chengyu;TAN Langlang

  . 2013, 31(23): 26-30. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.003

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  According to the engineering practice of deep main ore pass collapse in an underground metal mine, finite element analysis method was used to analysis the damage situation of this main ore pass. The serious collapsed range was determined from -455 to -464m level preliminarily, in which the maximum displacement of the shaft wall is more than 10m. The main collapse area is in the northwest of the main ore pass, and the maximum compressive stress is 41.750MPa. On this basis, the real three-dimensional data of collapse area was achieved by CMS detection and three-dimensional visual model of the deep main ore pass collapse area. It was determined that, the main collapsed ranges from -457 to -463m level, and the horizontal maximum collapse area is 92.92m², with main direction of collapse 28° north by west. The major axis is 14.5m, and the minor is 8.1m. The total collapse volume is 1035m³. Comprehensive analysis showed, the finite element analysis result is basically anastomosed with the measured result, and both of the methods verified and complemented mutually. The stress collapse damage of main ore pass is determined accurately and it establishes a firm foundation for formulating a reasonable restoration scheme of deep main ore pass.
• Select
  Technology Research and Apply on the Bodying and Sealing of Bitumen in Iran I：In-situ Oxidation

  REN Liwei;XIA Bairu;TANG Wenquan;XIAO Chao;GUO Jinghua

  . 2013, 31(23): 31-35. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.004

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  Bitumen contamination of Y oilfield in Iran had seriously negative effect on drilling safety and caused abandonment of several wells. In reference to aging, oxidation and solidify mechanism of heavy oil and bitumen, oxidizing material was selected optimally for bodying bitumen. The influence of testing temperature, time, and ratio of material, oxygen and drilling fluids were explored. The results showed that oxidation materials can effectively increase bitumen softening point, and bitumen was bodying under simulated formation temperature. The site test showed it is better if oxidation materials and lost circulation materials were used together. The mobility of bodying bitumen in the formation pore decreased, the sealing success rate got improved dramatically and the intrusion rate could be effectively controlled when the mud pump stopped. The difficulty of situations of complexity processing was reduced.
• Select
  Application of CO₂ Anti-reflection Pre-split Technology in Low Permeability Coal Seam

  ZHANG Yue;ZHANG Minbo;ZHU Tianling;FENG Shiliang;LEI Bolong

  . 2013, 31(23): 36-39. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.005

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  Aiming at the highly difficult gas drainage and low efficient drivaging of low permeability coal seam drivaging process of a coal mine, CO₂ anti-reflection pre-splitting technology was put forward to improve seam permeability coefficient, gas drainage efficiency and working face drivaging efficiency. Rock mechanics simulation software was applied to simulate and analyze the coal damage distribution and stress distribution state in coal seam drivaging process. The simulation results showed that, the broken area on both sides of the roadway is 0~3m from one side, and the main stress concentrated area of roadway sides is 3~4m from roadway sides, the stress intensity ranges from 18 to 18.9 MPa in the drivaging process. Meanwhile, according to the simulated conclusions, detail parameters of pre-splitting and drainage drill holes were designed specifically. Field tests and effect analysis showed that, the net flow of gas drainage is increased by 27%, drainage concentration by 1.7 times, and desorption gas quantity is reduced from 7.27 m³/t to 4.3 m³/t in each dill site after pre-splitting, significantly improving the drivaging efficiency.
• Select
  Application of ANP-SPA Risk Assessment Model for Gas Explosion in Coal Mine

  NIAN Qifeng;;SHI Shiliang;LI Runqiu;

  . 2013, 31(23): 40-44. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.006

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  Based on the characteristics of the interaction between the influencing factors of the gas explosion, an ANP-SPA risk assessment model is built for the prevention and control of the gas explosion in coal mine using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and the Set Pair Analysis (SPA). This model can be used to analyze the main influencing factors of the gas explosion from four aspects, including man, machine, environment and management, to build the network structure system of the assessment indexes, to calculate the weights of the indexes based on the Analytic Network Process, and to assess comprehensively the risk of the gas explosion, combined with the theory of the connection entropy in the Set Pair Analysis. A coal mine in the South is taken as an example and its gas explosion risk is assessed. It is shown that the method could find the key risk factors and deal effectively the complex influence relationship among them, and provide an important reference for the coal mine gas accident risk control and management.
• Select
  Determining the “Three Zones” of Overlying Strata in 1202 Working Face of Pinggang Coal Mine

  ZHU Hongqing;ZHANG Minbo;SHEN Jian;WANG Feiran;HU Ruili

  . 2013, 31(23): 45-49. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.007

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  In order to accurately determine the "three zones" of overlying strata in 1202 working face of Pinggang coal mine, theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and experimental test in working environment have been applied to study the question of "three zones". And then the results of theoretical calculation and numerical simulation are that the range of caving zone and fracture zone are respectively 6.2-8.3m and 23.0-28.2m, which are consistent with the results of experimental test in working environment. With the aid of application of theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, it leaded to that the gas extraction flow rate is more than 1m³/min in the fracture zone. Thus, based on our method the precise heights of "three zones" are very helpful for improving the gas drainage quantity of high-level bore and high-level gas suction roadway in Pinggang coal mine. The methods and results of our research will be significant for guiding the practical production in the future.
• Select
  Changes of Rock Properties in CO₂ Flooding

  ZHAO Mingguo;YANG Yanzhen;YANG Hongyu

  . 2013, 31(23): 50-52. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.008

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  CO₂ flooding that is a kind of developed EOR technology with widely prospect of application, becomes the focus of attention in many countries. In the CO₂ flooding, rock can react with CO₂ dissolved in the water, which changes the pore structure and wettability of rock, and so on. In order to determine the change rule on pore structure and wettability of rock treatment of CO₂ flooding, in this paper under the actual condition of daqing F reservoir, using the simulation of the actual reservoir conditions, the changes of rock properties for natural core treated by CO₂ flooding are studied by the experimental methods of indoor research. The results show that as CO₂ injected the rock is changed on pore structure, permeability and wettability, and so on. As the contact time of rock reacted with CO₂ increases, the percentage of small pore and big pore increases, but the proportion of secondary porosity decreases, meanwhile the permeability and the hydrophilicity gradually increase. This result is caused by the release of CO₂ that can lead to the acidifying effectreacting with the mineral composition on the pore surface of rock, and then change the rock pore structure and the mineral composition of the rock surface.
• Select
  Variations of In-situ Stress and Wellbore Stability for Kingfisher Block Through the Fault

  DENG Jingen;LIN Hai;HU Lianbo;CHEN Zijian;YUAN Junliang;LIU Zhaonian

  . 2013, 31(23): 53-56. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.009

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  The development of faults is common in the Kingfisher block, causing frequently complicated situations, such as the wellbore collapse, the drilling fluid leakage and so on, in the process of drilling through faults. According to the pore elastic theory and the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion, this paper analyzes the influence of the normal fault on the in-situ stress, which, combined with the influence of the faults on the formation and mechanical properties, is used finally to establish a prediction model of wellbore stability through faults. The research results show that the horizontal stress perpendicular to the fault trace increases significantly through the normal fault; meanwhile, the fault fracture zone develops near the fault, and reduces the formation strength and increases the collapse pressure. The safe mud density window of the drilling fluid is greatly reduced with the fault. In order to prevent the drilling fluid leakage due to the fault fracture zone, it is necessary to consider the minimum horizontal principal stress as the upper limit of the safe mud density window. The reasonable drilling fluid density and the good sealing property of the drilling fluid are the key of the safety of drilling. The results of the study provide some guidance for the solid drilling situation of the Kingfisher block and the drilling safety of the Kingfisher block through the fault.
• Select
  Biological Competitive Inhibition Technique of Sulfate Reducing Bacteria in Oil Reservoir based on Model Analysis

  LIU Jianhua;LI Geng;LI Zongtian;ZHENG Chenggang

  . 2013, 31(23): 57-61. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.010

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  The biological competition (Lotka-Volterra) mathematic model is employed to establish the bio-inhibition system; the population succession of Nitrate Reducing Bacteria (NRB) and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) under the oil reservoir conditions is taken as the research subject, the competitive ecology relation of these two microflora is studied. The equilibrium point solution is used to explore the microflora population variations of NRB and SRB on the condition that the artificial addition of nitrate was adopted as an electron acceptor. Based on the Lotka-Volterra model, the steady-state bio-inhibition system is established between NRB and SRB. In the meantime, when the nitrate is depleted, the bio-inhibition system is collapse and finally breakdown is explained quite well by the model. According to the two critical points of NRB-SRB microflora bio-system, the precise steady-state inhibition period and the nitrate concentration under the condition of oil reservoir are able to be calculated and controlled. The results could greatly improve NRB-SRB bio-inhibition technology and accurately direct the implementation of practical process in the oilfield, which has great significance in the crude oil production.
• Select
  Clinical Epidemiology Investigation of Vitiligo and Correlation Research of Immune Function in View of Syndrome Characteristics of Traditional Uighur Medicine

  AMAT Nurmuhammat;EKIM Mahsum;EIZIZ Ranagul;SIDIK Axirjan;TRIM Halidam;TOHTI Patigul;OBUL Buhliqam;TURDI Nabijan;UPUR Halmurat

  . 2013, 31(23): 62-67. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.011

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  In this paper the epidemiology of vitiligo and immune function in view of syndrome characteristics of traditional Uighur medicine are studied. Epidemiological investigation for syndrome characteristics of the traditional Uygur medicine in vitiligo patients who stayed in the department of Dermatology of the Kashgar Uighur Medical Hospital was introduced, including general information and clinical symptoms. The factors including CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD25⁺, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1, IFN-γ, TNF-а, were respectively detected by flow cytometry technique and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in whole blood. The results show that the female patients (57.92%) outnumber the male patients (42.08%). The amount of patients aging among 3-15 (36.61%) is more than that of the other aging groups. The proportions of four abnormal Hilit groups are descripted as the following order: Abnormal Balgham group> Abnormal Savda group>Abnormal Sapra group>Abnormal Khan group. In comparison with the normal group (P<0.05), the plasma level of vitiligo patients on CD8⁺, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-а, ICAM-1 increased and the level on CD3⁺, CD25⁺, IL-4 decreased in abnormal and normal balhgam syndrome. There were not obviously differences among level of CD3⁺CD25⁺IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, in abnormal and normal Balgham syndrome(P<0.05). It is concluded that the abnormal Balgham is the main syndrome in the traditional Uighur medicine. The level of CD3⁺, CD25⁺, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 are closely related with Uighur Medicine Abnormal Balgham, especially the change of some immunity parameter may be indicated to the abnormal Abnormal Balgham of vitiligo.
• Select
  Actual Measurement and Analysis on Angles Between Principal Veins of Three Major Lobes of Platanus acerifolia (Ait.) Willd.

  WANG Dayong;JIA Wenyu

  . 2013, 31(23): 68-70. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.012

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  The 505 leaves collected with one leaf per plant from Platanus acerifolia (Ait.) Willd. were measured. Two new phenomena were found: Firstly, angles between principal veins of three major lobes from the plant indicated the "recessive" golden number". It was meant that golden number was showed by trigonometric function (values were -0.618 and 0.382); Secondly, angle of 60° between principal veins of three major lobes from the plant was a manifestation of taking the shortest path to transport moisture and nutrient, meanwhile this angle was a kind of the Steiner tree structure. Statistical analysis showed angles between principal veins of three major lobes of the plant containing recessive golden number were 31.72°, 38.18°, 51.86°and 67.55°, respectively. The amount of angles including 31.72°, 38.18°, 51.86° and 67.55°, were accounted for 60.69% of all collected leaves. And the percent of angle with 60° was 34.85% of all samples. Thus the amount of angles containing "recessive" golden number and presenting the Steiner tree structure was calculated for 95.54% in the whole samples. The new findings of angles between principal veins of three major lobes of P. acerifolia (Ait.) Willd. are very beneficial for people to deeply understandthe plant architecture.
Reviews
• Select
  Status and Development of the Preparation of Fluorine Gas by Electrolysis Cell

  ZHOU Jianliang;CHENG Xiaolong;ZHAO Xiuliang;XU Jiyuan;LÜYang;TANG Tian

  . 2013, 31(23): 71-74. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.013

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  Three modern preparations of fluorine gas including electrolysis cell, chemical and plasma are introduced in this paper. By analyzing the characteristics and processes of these methods, the technology of electrolysis cell approach is mainly introduced. The progress of the fluorine cell technique is the key factor for promoting the development of the preparation of fluorine gas. Firstly, it illustrates formation and development of fluorine gas generated by electrolysis cell. Secondly, the present issues and solutions of fluorine-electrolysis cell technology are discussed. Based on certain of theory and practical approaches, the merits and drawbacks of some techniques are analyzed and then the methods cited in this paper are classified. Finally, it is clear that the prosperous technique of generating fluorine by electrolysis cell should turn toward to the development and the realization of the properties of low anodic overvoltage and the automatically level gauge and control.
• Select
  Advances in the Mechanism of Groundwater Gushing from Bed Separation of Hard Overlying Strata Induced by Repeated Coal Mining

  XU Dejin;SHAO Desheng;NIE Jianwei;CHEN Haijun

  . 2013, 31(23): 75-79. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.23.014

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML   Knowledge map   Save

  The groundwater inrush from bed separation of overlying strata is a new type of water disaster. So far its mechanism is not recognized clearly. Therefore existing research results in this field were analyzed by the author. Firstly, nine typical examples of groundwater inrush from bed separation of overlying strata were sorted out and summarized. Then common characteristics on the five areas were obtained. They include hard overlying strata, repeated coal mining of multiple seams or single seam slicing mining, abundant water resources recharging bed separation space, closed water body between bed separation space and a stope, induction factors such as rock burst. Secondly, five viewpoints of groundwater inrush from bed separation of overlying strata were summarized, according to mechanisms expounded by previous researchers. And then on the basis of the view of the physical field, five viewpoints were generalized three categories: seepage field alone, stress field alone, coupling seepage field and stress field. At last, according to research results, five highlights and some prospects in the felid of groundwater inrush from bed separation of overlying strata were pointed out.