18 July 2013, Volume 31 Issue 20

    

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Articles
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  Fractal Analysis of East-West Ductile Shear Zone in Guachehe Town Area, Tongcheng, Anhui and Its Applicability of Strain-rate Estimation

  LI Zhensheng;TIAN Xiaoli;ZHANG Wenjun;TAO Ye

  . 2013, 31(20): 15-19. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.001

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  East-West ductile shear zone of Guachehe town, Tongcheng, Anhui consists of early felsic ductile shear zone and later mafic brittle-ductile shear zone associated with synthetic or tractive felsic deformation zone in granite wall-rock. The boundaries of new quartz grains of dynamical recrystallization, which are well-developed in two phases of felsic tectonite, had statistically self-similarity with microscopic features, such as indented or embayed boundary shape. Their area-perimeter fractal dimensions range from 1.097 to 1.144 with the range of deformation temperatures from 600 to 700℃, which is corresponding to granulite facies of metamorphic condition. The strain-rates calculated by rheologic empirical equation are less than 10^-7.27s^-1, and that of the later protomylonite associated with mafic brittle-ductile shear zone is less half order of magnitude than that of early mylonite in main-ductile shear zone. The area-perimeter fractal dimension of quartz grains has earlier been proposed as a strain-rate gauge based on experimental deformation of the quartz aggregates, however this method of fractal analysis has rarely been used to estimate the strain-rate of naturally deformed rocks. In comparison with analysis of other estimation methods, it was concluded that geothermometer proposed by Kruhl is suitable, while the strain-rate equation proposed by Takahashi can be only suitable for lower deformation temperature (T<400℃).
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  Approach and Application of Rock Slopes’ Stability Assessment Under the Comprehensive Effect of Multiple Factors

  CHEN Jianhong;WANG Kai;ZHONG Fusheng

  . 2013, 31(20): 20-25. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.002

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  Based on the method of slope stability assessment, the disadvantages of the slope stability assessment method has been analyzed. The factors of approach for evaluating rock slopes' stability have been proposed, and the factors that affecting the slope stability have been analyzed and categorized. They have been categorized into three groups, which are geological factor, environmental factor, and engineering factor. Based on these, a new approach for evaluating rock slopes' stability under the comprehensive effect of multiple factors combining Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy mathematics has been set up. A certain open-pit's rock slope has been evaluated by this approach. The results under the new classification system of slope stability classification showed that the central and southern district of footwall slope was potentially unstable areas, which need further analysis. Moreover the slope stability of the hanging wall was much better than the footwall, which was similar with CSMR classification results. The results showed that the factors' categorization was rational and the assessment was valid.
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  Design and Optimization for Analog Measuring Equipment of Electroacoustic Imaging

  LI Qin;WAN Kefeng;HUANG Zhiqiang;MA Xiao;ZHU Hanbin;ZHANG Bo

  . 2013, 31(20): 26-30. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.003

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  For logging instrument in use and promotion, the lack of system and the application of theoretical basis of indoor research means that it's difficult to form the commercial scale and restricts its development seriously. According to the operating principle of micro resistivity imaging, ultrasonic imaging, the model of the actual motion measurement and combining with the characteristics of the laboratory, we devised an analog measuring equipment for electroacoustic imaging detector, which had realized the movement of x, y, z and d four direction, devised various schemes for x,d. We used the principle of fuzzy evaluation to establish membership functions and weight for various schemes of x, d directions. Using the principle of fuzzy evaluation, we evaluated kinds of schemes of the d and x direction comprehensively, and established the membership function and weight. We established factors set and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation set through the expert scoring form and selected the optimal case, x as double linear motor transmission; d as bevel gear drive. The measurement device could provide further research of methods for imaging technology.
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  Mine Parameters Design of Roadside Supporting in Full Driving Along Next Goaf

  KONG Xiangyi;HE Tuan;LI Kaiqiang

  . 2013, 31(20): 31-34. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.004

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  The national rule of "Coal and Gas Outburst Prevention and Control Regulations" regulates: coal-rock pillars shall not be retained in the goaf when exploiting outburst mining the protective layer. Tiefa Dalong mine' No.13 coal layer has been identified as the outburst layer, and the upper protective layer No.12 coal layer is being exploited. In order to exploit without coal-rock pillars, Tiefa Dalong mine is designed using the scheme of full driving along next goaf. Based on the tilting rock beam theory, the laneway rib deflection of stope laneway and roadside supporting resistance can be calculated, so that the supporting scheme of timber wall has been proposed and successfully resolved the problem of roadside supporting. This scheme promotes the coal recovery rate and creates the great economic benefit.
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  Harris Corner Detection Algorithm Based on Self-adapting Non-maximal Suppression

  XU Kehu;WANG Tianzhao;CHEN Jinyu;ZHANG Bo

  . 2013, 31(20): 35-38. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.005

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  Aiming at the problem involving corners clustering and the difficulty of threshold selection in Harris operator, by analyzing the theory of Harris operator, Harris corner detection algorithm based on self-adapting non-maximal suppression is proposed. Firstly, the algorithm detects the pixels which corner response function is local maximum, then local maximum Harris corners are descendant ranked and a suppression radius for each corner is set up, corners are extracted through the suppression radius continuously decreasing, corner clustering is effectively avoided and spatial even distributed over the image for the Harris corners is realized. At the same time, the algorithm is able to solve the difficult problem of threshold selection and improve the adaptability of algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm is able to detect corner more reasonable, and could be used for image mosaic and motion estimation, etc. quite well.
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  Speed Control Characteristics for the Soft Starting of Belt Conveyor

  LI Wenhua;ZHANG Xin

  . 2013, 31(20): 39-42. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.006

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  The mechanism of speed instability involving belt conveyor directly starting is analyzed, that the dynamic torque needed for additional acceleration is the main reason for starting instability is pointed out. By applying the hydro-viscous soft starting device to the starting of belt conveyor is able to ensure starting stability. According to the working principle of soft starting device, through the local linear processing, the mathematical model of soft starting device is built, and its transfer function is solved. Aiming at the perturbations and uncertainty of system parameters, a method of fuzzy PID controller is designed. The stability of the speed regulation system is ensured by using the self-tuning function. The simulink toolbox of Matlab is used to conduct the simulation experiment. The results show when the system transfer function changes, the fuzzy PID has a better adaptive capacity, faster response, better robustness, and is able to assure that the system obtains good speed regulation characteristics.
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  Localized Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of the Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel in the Alkaline Solutions with Cl^- and SO₄^2-

  WEI Dan;XIAO Kui;CHEN Changfeng;LI Xiaogang

  . 2013, 31(20): 43-47. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.007

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  The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in the neutral and alkaline solutions with Cl^- and SO₄^2- were investigated by Localized Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (LEIS) technique. The corrosion products on the surface of sample were analyzed by Laser Micro-Raman Spectrometry. The experimental results indicated that the corrosion rate in the neutral solution was higher than that in the alkaline solution during the initial stage of immersion. In the neutral solution, the corrosion products were rapidly deposited on the surface of the sample. The corrosion products film was composed of γ-FeOOH, which could protect matrix of Q235 carbon steel and reduce the ion penetration. As the immersion time increased, the Cl^- and SO₄^2- ions damaged corrosion product films. Especially in the alkaline solution during the initial stage, the average impedance value was much higher. But the average impedance rapidly decreased with increase of the steeping time. Moreover, the destructive effect of Cl^- and SO₄^2- ions on the passive film is also demonstrated in corrosion process through the change of impedance value as the steeping time increases.
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  Numerical Simulation of Flow Motion Around a Circular Cylinder Using Granule Hydrodynamics Method

  YAN Min;FENG Keke

  . 2013, 31(20): 48-50. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.008

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  Flow around a circular cylinder with different Reynolds numbers (Re is 80~1646) is numerically studied by using Granule Hydrodynamics Method (GHM), and the significant flow characteristics are gained. On the basis of actual simulation, the characters of GHM and the problems for further research are discussed. The GHM thinks the fluid as a discrete system, the fluid field in the system is made up by fluid granules, and the reasons for the fluid motion are fluid granule elastic collision and density difference (pressure difference). GHM has got the law of fluid motion based on the constitutive relation built by the equation of state, Pascal principle, and the speed equation of sound in the gaseous phase, however not based on the traditional Navier-Stokes equation. The fluid motion caused by the fluid granule elastic collision is determined based on the equation of state for fluids and their constitutive relation under the Hertzian contact theory, and the fluid motion caused by density difference is determined based on the Pascal principle and the speed equation of sound in the gaseous phase. GHM has given the physical properties of fluid and solid into consideration. There is a couple of symmetric vortex behind the cylinder, when the Reynolds number is between 5 and 40. When the Reynolds number is about 190, the couple of symmetric vortex is started breaking away from the cylinder. With the increase of Reynolds number, the flow behind the cylinder appears as different forms.
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  Approximation of Jackson Polynomial Under the Generalized Hölder Metric

  WEN Xiaoxia

  . 2013, 31(20): 51-53. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.009

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  In the year of 1991, Lin Achan established a theory about the approximation and saturation of Jackson polynomial under Hölder metric. On the basis of those results,Jackson polynomial has been approximated under the generalized Hölder metric by using metric definition, modulus property, and interpolation feature of Jackson polynomial combining with the method of magnifying or diminishing inequality, the theory is effective proved. The following question is solved, namely, for a norm of the subtraction between function and its corresponding Jackson polynomial under generalized Hölder metric attains the certain degree, what kind of condition function and its conjugate function have to satisfy? In the end, two results about approximation and saturation of Jackson polynomial under generalized Hölder metric are obtained, which is more extensive than quondam conclusion.
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  Preparation of β-Cyclodextrin Polymer and Application in Removal of Nitrobenzene from Wastewater

  ZOU Donglei;TANG Shuyuan;XIAO Zundong;DONG Kuo;SONG Leilei

  . 2013, 31(20): 54-57. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.010

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  Nitrobenzene wastewater is hardly degraded, highly toxic and quickly diffuse. The treatment of nitrobenzene wastewater with high concentration has been well studied, but there is little study about the treatment of low-concentration nitrobenzene wastewater. Ordinary water treatment technology is unable to treat this kind of water. Long-term drinking can be seriously harmful on human health and ecological environment is destroyed. In this article, the synthesis of β-cyclodextrin polymers and the adsorption of β-cyclodextrin polymers on nitrobenzene at low concentration were studied, and the effects of solid-to-liquid ratio with pH were discussed. In addition, regeneration of β-cyclodextrin polymers is also discussed. Results show that in the per 100mL solution containing 100mg cyclodextrin polymers, the effects of solid-to-liquid ratio is the best; The adsorption efficiency of nitrobenzene solution can reach more than 80% in solution of 200μg/L, 500μg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L; The best adsorption time is 2h;pH has little effect on the adsorption efficiency; The ethanol is selected as the best regenerative agent, which retains the regeneration of 80% after four times.
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  Taking Control of Allowable Emission Amount of Pollution Particles from the Cluster Pollution Source

  ZHANG Baosheng;LI Junfei

  . 2013, 31(20): 58-61. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.011

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  Based on the particulate emission inventory during the heating period in Baotou Steel Industrial Park, the model of CALPUFF atmospheric dispersion is used to conduct the dynamic regulation on allowable emission amount, the simulation and control results are able to provide some theoretical guidance for the control strategies and measures for the cluster pollutants emission, and are of benefit to realize stable standard of the atmospheric environment. The simulation results indicate that the concentration contribution rate to the control points by cluster pollutant source unit emission amount reduces with the altitude of pollutant source increases, low and short emission sources as well as area emission sources should become the key control points. During the heating period, the meteorological conditions that do not conduce to the spread of the pollution, the maximum allowable emission amount of cluster pollution source reduce to 8.82% of existing emissions; meanwhile the meteorological conditions conduce to the pollution dispersion, the maximum allowable emission amount decreases to 12.03% of that. Therefore the nation air ambient quality standards of the control area are able to meet.
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  Daily Variations of Photosynthesis Parameter and the Effect of Environmental Factors on Pueraria wallichii DC.

  GU Yong;TANG Chunyun;WU Hao;HUANG Xiaobo;WANG Xianyan;

  . 2013, 31(20): 62-66. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.012

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  For a general study of the daily variation regulation on the photosynthetic parameters and its relation with the main impact factors about relative humidity RH, atmospheric CO₂ concentration C_a, atomspheric temperature T_a, leaf temperature T_l, photosynthetic active radiation PAR, vapor pressure deficit on leaf VPD of Pueraria wallichii DC., photosynthesis and water physiological characters of P. wallichii DC. on the Ordos plateau during the growth season were measured using LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate P_n of P. wallichii DC. had a diurnal change with two peaks at 12:00 and 16:00, exhibiting an obviously phenomena of photosynthetic midday depression. The transpiration rate T_r took on a curve with only one peak, which reached the highest value at 16:00. The water use efficiency WUE had a diurnal change with two peaks and it was higher in the morning than in the afternoon. The responsiveness of P_n to PAR, T_a and RH was different and significant. This result shows that there is the complicated relation among the parameters of coefficient, with increase of net photosynthetic rate, increase of transpiration rate, increase of stomatal conductance, decrease of intercellular CO₂ concentration, and the decline of red deer spend P_n is not mainly affected by stomatal factors.
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  Progress and Prospect of Technologies Stimulating Space Environment for Biology Study

  CANG Huaixing

  . 2013, 31(20): 67-73. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.013

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  The study of space biology becomes significant and requires the advanced technologies for stimulating space environment considering the rare opportunity and the high costs of space experiments. In this article, the characteristics and applications of the existing technologies for stimulating the microgravity environment are systematically analyzed. Based on the research tendency of the coupling effects of multi-factors, laser trap is proposed to be the next generation technology for the simulation. This technology has the great advantages for manipulating cells without contact, manipulating intra-cell particles and fixing cell position, which is valuable for producing the good simulation effect. The well compatibility and complementation between the technologies of laser trap and the single ion radiation will be very useful for the study of coupling effects of the microgravity and radiation.
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  Research Progress of the Removal of Phthalic Acid Esters in Water Environment

  HUO Mingxin;SONG Guojing;YANG Wu;WU Di;ZHOU Yu;LÜTingting

  . 2013, 31(20): 74-79. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2013.20.014

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  Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) have been widely used in plasticizers and personal care products in recent years, and become one of the most common pollutants in the environment. They have received an extensive attention because of a series of endocrine disrupting activities such as the (anti) estrogenic activity, the (anti) androgen activity and the (anti) thyroid hormone activity. The latest removal methods of PAEs in the aquatic environment are reviewed, with an overview of PAEs and their pollution situation in the aquatic environment worldwide. The advanced oxidation processes for the removal of PAEs and the endocrine disrupting effects during the processes are specially addressed, some important development methods for the removal of PAEs in the aquatic environment are proposed.