28 March 2012, Volume 30 Issue 9

    

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  Soil Magnetism Variations Under the Influence of Periodic High Water Level in the Water-level-fluctuating Zone of Three Gorges Reservoir Area

  ZHU Hongwei;HE Xiubin;TANG Qiang;GUO Feng;HU Yunhua;

  . 2012, 30(9): 22-26. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.09.001

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  The spatial distribution of the purple soil magnetic susceptibility and the soil particles composition within the water-level-fluctuating zone of the Three Gorges reservoir area in Yangtze River is systematically studied. The characteristics evolution of soil magnetic susceptibility is a key point in the condition of long alternating time of hot, dry, and high-pressure flooding. And next, the distribution of soil particle size is clarified in order to reflect the specific relationship between soil magnetic susceptibility and different sizes. SM-30 portable magnetic susceptibility meter and Bartington MS2 magnetic susceptibility meter are used to determine soil magnetism, and Malvern Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer is used to derive soil particle volume percentage. After that, the essential reason has been discussed and analyzed based on the relationship between them. It has been demonstrated that firstly, the magnetic susceptibility slowly declines from high level to lower part along different macro-level altitude. And then a rapidly uplift will suddenly happens until more than 120×10-8m3/kg after the stable value area at the middle level. The reason for that is reasonable inferred that the upper slope suffers from the river erosion with high water level, and from the rain erosion with low water level. At the same time, the lower slope is under the control by the consequences of superposition, such as soil accumulation and many other factors.
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  Effects of Temperature on Corrosion Behavior of L80 Carbon Steel in CO₂ Containing Natural Seawater

  ZHU Shidong;MIAO Jian;WEI Jianfeng;BAI Zhenquan;LIN Guanfa

  . 2012, 30(9): 27-31. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.09.002

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  The test of high temperature and high pressure and electrochemical technology were utilized to investigate the effects of temperature on the corrosion behavior of L80 carbon steel in CO₂ containing natural seawater. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize corrosion scale. The results show that firstly, corrosion rate of L80 carbon steel increases and then decreases with increasing temperature in the liquid phase, and the maximum value lies at 90℃, while this variation trend is completely opposite to that in the gaseous phase, a corrosion product layer is mainly composed of FeCO₃, anion selective permeability of FeCO₃ product film and the absorption of Cl^- on steel surface prompt the CO₂ corrosion on the L80 carbon steel surface, the electrochemical properties of corrosion scale formed at 90℃ in liquid and gaseous phases further prove the test results described above.
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  The Testing Experimental of Explosion Relief Hatch Performance for the Dry-Typed Electrostatic Precipitator

  CAI Zhouquan;ZHENG Penghui;SHEN Jiantao;HUA Yaofeng;CHENG Fangming

  . 2012, 30(9): 32-36. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.09.003

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  Explosion relief hatch is a kind of safety protection facility to protect dry-typed electrostatic precipitator from explosions. A test apparatus was designed to study the performances of the relief hatch, including static pressure performance, set pressure, re-seating pressure, and explosion relief performance. The result shows that the elastic modulus selection of the three-level spring for the explosion relief hatch designed and made by authors is reasonable. The relation between its pressure and stroke change accords with the advanced foreign products that is possessed of similar functions. The set pressure of the relief valve is around 5kPa, and the re-seating pressure is around 4.6kPa, they all meet the design requirement; and the deviations of set pressure and opening/closing pressure meet the requirement as well. The explosion relief hatch as the cover of gas explosion chamber was fixed, and the methane explosion was triggered in the chamber. The process of the gas explosion relief was analyzed using a high speed video, and explosion pressure was acquired by a pressure transmitter. The experiment results show that the explosion relief hatch has the good performance and is able to automatically reset. The dynamic pressure-stroke curve fits with the static test curve perfectly.
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  Early-warning Plasma Biomarkers Screening for the Uighur Women Patients with Cervical Precancerous Lesion Based on Proteomic Techniques

  GUO Xia;HAO Yi;WUBULIKASIMU Tuerxunpaxia;REYIMU Halidan;KADEER Nafeisha;WU Guizhen;ABUDULA Abulizi

  . 2012, 30(9): 37-43. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.09.004

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  The early-warning plasma biomarkers screening of High-grade cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) for the Uighur women patients by using two-dimensional liquid phase chromatography and mass spectrometry is aimed. The plasma samples from Uighur women with cervical lesions (21 cases with HSIL and 22 cases with cervicitis) were collected and low abundant plasma proteins were prepared. After the establishment of a differential proteome profile by two-dimensional liquid phase chromatography, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics technology were used to identify and analyze differential proteins. Based on the protein isoelectric point gradient and hydrophobic features of low abundant plasma proteins, a differential proteome profile was established for the Uighur women with cervicitis and HSIL; it is found that three peak constituents are upregulated and one is downregulated in the patients with HSIL. Identification of these proteins by mass spectrometry shows that a total of 31 plasma proteins are differentially expressed, four proteins that closely associated with tumor progress including metabolome-related proteins (APOA1), signal transduction-related proteins (mTOR, EphA3), and immune-related proteins (HLA-DQB1) are selected. By focusing on the early-warning low abundant plasma proteome biomarker of Uighur women with precancerous lesion, the evidence for prevention, early diagnosis, and canceration mechanism understanding of cervical cancer in Xinjiang Autonomous Region is provided.
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  Macro Geology Factor Analysis of Ultra Low Permeability Reservoir Formation in Ordos Basin

  YU Hongyan;LI Hongqi;DANG Na;YU Xiaohe;

  . 2012, 30(9): 44-48. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.09.005

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  Due to the special structures and the depositional setting of Ordos Basin, a large scale low-permeability reservoir is formed there. Based on the studies of scanning electron microscope, casting sheet image, core observation, physical property analysis and core analysis testing, the microscopic features of the ultra low permeability reservoir in Ordos Basin X area Chang6₃ are analyzed . It is shown that the ultra low permeability reservoir is controlled by deposition and diagenesis. The area has few slender rock, and is mainly covered with sandstone, and high interstitial materials. Remaining primary intergranular pores and dissolution pores serve chiefly as the storage space. As far as its physical properties are concerned, the reservoir belongs to a low porosity-extra low porosity-ultra low porosity-ultra permeability reservoir; the reservoir is mainly in the fine pore narrow throat mode. The reservoir microscopic features are controlled by macro geological factors. The deposition decides the reservoir's lithology, interstitial content and sizes of primary pores. The compaction and the cementation of diagenesis destroy primary pores, but the denudation provides a wide range of secondary pores, which improve the storage space of the research area.
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  The Sorption of Manganese Ion in Water onto Walnut Shell

  ZHANG Fengjun;LIU Zhuojing;ZHAO Jing;MA Yanan;DING Wangquan

  . 2012, 30(9): 49-52. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.09.006

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  The sorption of Mn²⁺ onto walnut shell is investigated by batch experiments. The recycle of walnut shell as main agriculture and forestry wastes in the wastewater treatment is estimated. The effects of factors, including soil/water ratio, sorption time, initial concentration of Mn²⁺, and pH value on the sorption of Mn²⁺ onto walnut shell are carried out. Furthermore, the dynamics and thermodynamics of the sorption are discussed. The results show that the optimal ratio of soil (g) to water (L) is 50:1. And the optimal sorption time is 90min. When the initial concentration of Mn²⁺ is in the range of 0.32mg/L-2.17mg/L, the removal rate of Mn²⁺ in water increases with increasing initial concentration of Mn²⁺. Above 80% of Mn²⁺ is sorbed onto walnut shell, when pH value is between 7 and 9. The sorption of Mn²⁺ onto walnut shell fits in pseudo-second-order kinetics equation. The fact suggests that the initial sorption is controlled by interfacial diffusion, following by intraparticle diffusion. In addition, the sorption of Mn²⁺ onto walnut shell fits better with Freundlich equation with higher R² value. For the Freundlich constant, 1/n is less than 1. It is indicated that the sorption energy decreases with increasing initial concentration of Mn²⁺. The sorption of Mn²⁺ onto walnut shell likely occurs. In general, the walnut shell is a cost-efficient sorbent for Mn²⁺.
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  Diagenetic Reservoir Facies in Low Permeability Reservoir in Deep Zone E₃² Segment of Gaoshangpu Oil Field

  LI Haiyan;WU Shenghe;YUE Dali

  . 2012, 30(9): 53-61. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.09.007

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  This paper studies the sedimentary facies, the diagenetic reservoir facies and their origin mechanism in the deep zone of Shahejie formation in Gaoshangpu oil field. Based on the regional geology, the well logging, the sandstone slice, the casting slice, the scanning electronic microscope, and the X-ray diffraction methods, the sedimentary facies, the diagenesis and their influencing factors are studied. The diagenetic reservoir facies are classified and the origin mechanism is discussed. It is shown that the fan delta front deposition is developed, and the extensive distributive channels and mouth bars are the favorable oil accumulation locations. The effect on the reservoir property of diagenesis is analyzed, and it is indicated that the origin mechanism of the low permeability in this area is of the strong compaction, the infill and the cementation of autogenetic mineral during diagenesis. Based on the diagenesis study, the diagenetic reservoir facies are divided into four types and their characteristics are analyzed, including the secondary pores diagenetic reservoir facies with solution of unstable ingredients, the residual intergranular pores diagenetic reservoir facies with middle-strong compaction and cementation, the remaining intergranular pores diagenetic reservoir facies with strong compaction and cementation, and the tight diagenetic reservoir facies with extremely strong compaction and cementation. Using eight chosen parameters, that is, the flow zone index, the porosity, the permeability, the median grain size, the mud content, the expel pressure, the median pore throat radius and the variance coefficient, with the genetic artificial neural network method, the study and prediction models are established, and four diagenetic reservoir facies types are identified in the target formation. Combined with the analyses of the sedimentary facies, the time-space distributions of diagenetic reservoir facies are explained. The result may serve as a guide in the development of low permeability oil fields.
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  Location-allocation Problem of Three-stage Supply Chain with Multi-products and Its Genetic Algorithm

  MA Yuhong;SUN Shufen

  . 2012, 30(9): 62-68. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.09.008

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  Based on the principle for minimizing the total logistics cost, a location-allocation model of three-stage supply chain with multi-products is established. The model takes the transportation expenses of raw materials and products, the fixed construction cost, the cost of raw materials, and the processing cost of products for factories, as well as fixed construction fee and storage fee for sales centers into account. In the stage of supplier-factory, a factory not only can purchase different raw materials from different suppliers, but also can purchase the same kind of raw materials from different suppliers; however, in the stages of factory-sales center and sales center-customer, though a product demander can purchase different products from different suppliers, however the same kind of products must be purchased from a single supplier. Based on these characteristics of the model, the stochastic order encoding in a location problem is combined with the priority encoding in a transportation problem to design a new chromosome encoding method, the method is able to use genetic algorithm for solving the location-allocation problem of three stage supply chain with multi-products. The simulation results of numerical experiment show that the proposed encoding technique of chromosome is suitable, and the genetic algorithm has the fairly good research efficiency, it is able to rapidly and stably solve the location-allocation problem of three-stage supply chain with multi-products.
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  The Technology and Application of the Gob-side Entry Retaining with Building Mullocks and Anchor Cable in the Roof Liable to Collapse

  LI Junping;HAO Fukun;YU Huijun

  . 2012, 30(9): 69-72. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.09.009

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  To relieve the tension of driving behind the mining coal, the gob-side entry retained stage was promoted at stable roof, and the strip pillar along strike was distributed at unstable roof in Jixi Coal-Mining Group Co. Ltd. In order to slow driving behind the mining coal as well as avoid damnifying coal resource, the gob-side entry retained with building mullocks was ever developed, but its headroom had been less than 50% of its initial section when the mining deepness arrived at 600—800m. Further more, to solve the underground pressure problem of the gob-side entry retained stage, the gob-side entry retaining with the local grooving top-caving method was also brought forward, but it wasn't applied at all because the roof collapse was accompanying with the movement of the hydraulic support in the easily falling roof. On the basis of transformation of the gob-side entry retained stage, the gob-side entry retained stage with anchor cable and building the waste rock wall is put forward in this paper, i.e. the mild roof is first supported by anchor cable, and then it is again supported by the waste rock wall, so that cause a part of roof stress transfer to bottom, thereby avoiding roof excessive stress concentration. Qiujia Mine production practice shows that the gob-side entry retained stage with the waste rock wall and anchor cable can economically and effectively control the underground- pressure in the easily falling roof, but due to the transfer of stress is bigger, need many times excavating the bottom to eliminate the harm of the bottom drum.
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  Robotic Cloud and Robotic School

  REN Fuji

  . 2012, 30(9): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.09.010

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  In the near future, robots with advanced intelligence will be used for the service of society, families, and individuals. The concept of advanced intelligence machine, as a device that uses both natural and artificial intelligence and is capable of affective recognition and generation of affective speech and behavior, is proposed. The concept of robotics cloud used by advanced intelligence machines in human-robot interactions is described and a theoretical framework and technology blueprint for the construction of a robotics cloud is provided. In addition, a robotics school for building robotics clouds is proposed and a framework for the school, its certification program, and a method for authentication of the school are described. The influence of robots on the development of society, scientific and technological progress, and human-robot relationships is also discussed.