Collect | Home Page 
   
Office Online  
Journal Online
· Forthcoming Articles
· Current Issue
· Archive
· Advanced Search
· View by Fields
· Archive By Subject
· Special Issues
· Download Articles
· Read Articles
· Email Alert
· Recommended
Links
·
·
·
   Science & Technology Review
2012, Vol.30, No. 4
08 February 2012

Exclusive
Articles
Reviews
Select | Export to EndNote
卷首语

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 3-3. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (384 KB)  ( 314 )
Abstract ( 249 )
科技风云

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 7-7. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (307 KB)  ( 130 )
Abstract ( 238 )
封面图片说明

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 8-8. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (525 KB)  ( 199 )
Abstract ( 220 )
特别栏目

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 8-8. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (525 KB)  ( 108 )
Abstract ( 219 )

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 10-10. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (622 KB)  ( 109 )
Abstract ( 220 )

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 12-12. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (527 KB)  ( 106 )
Abstract ( 187 )

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 13-13. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (574 KB)  ( 133 )
Abstract ( 205 )

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 14-14. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (601 KB)  ( 127 )
Abstract ( 216 )

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 25-25. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (717 KB)  ( 199 )
Abstract ( 254 )

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 88-88. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (2297 KB)  ( 113 )
Abstract ( 201 )

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 95-95. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (739 KB)  ( 101 )
Abstract ( 232 )

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 96-96. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (395 KB)  ( 128 )
Abstract ( 197 )
科技事件

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 9-9. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (275 KB)  ( 114 )
Abstract ( 230 )
科技工作大家谈

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 11-11. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (620 KB)  ( 193 )
Abstract ( 271 )
Exclusive

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 15-17. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (794 KB)  ( 435 )
Abstract ( 267 )
Articles

Temporal and Spatial Windows of Large Earthquake Occurrence

XU Shaoxie
Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 18-25. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.04.001
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (8127 KB)  ( 249 )
Abstract ( 590 )
According to the book "Earthquake Can Be Predicted", which studied earthquakes of M3.0—M4.0 to M8.0, since very beginning on Chinese Seismic Network via elect-communication lines, in about half a century duration, in view of earthquakes in large scale, the Chinese seismic pattern is studied in the globe scale seismic framework. It is recognized that not anywhere and anytime can a large earthquake occur. Large earthquakes occur in their special temporal and spatial windows. The intersection between earthquake stripe and earthquake circularity, the difference in seismic activities; the earthquakes in great depth and the events outside the Earth are the main factors that control the temporal and spatial windows of the large earthquake occurrence. There are three types of intersections between earthquake stripe and earthquake circularity: stripe with stripe; circularity with circularity; and stripe with circularity. According to the features of the gaps, it is recognized that the gap may be caused by buckling on its earth layer. Therefore, one has to pay attention on the difference between active and quiet regions. Since a large earthquake very often occurs at the time node of a special condition, related with events outside the Earth, one should pay attention to these events that are not random in nature. The main factors that control the temporal and spatial windows of large earthquake occurrences, as described in this paper, were verified in a earthquake of magnitude of 9.0 occurred on 11 March 2011, off the Pacific Coast of the northeastern part of the Japanese main land (Tohoku Region).

Predictability Pattern of the Tohoku Earthquake of M9.0 in 2011

ZHAO Shuxian;XU Shaoxie;MA Li;WU Pingjing;ZHANG Yongqing
Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 26-30. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.04.002
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (2973 KB)  ( 473 )
Abstract ( 721 )
It is not anywhere and anytime that large earthquakes can occur. Large earthquakes occur in their special temporal and spatial windows. The intersection between earthquake strip and earthquake circularity, the difference in seismic activities, the earthquakes in great depth and the events outside the Earth are the main factors that control the temporal and spatial windows of large earthquake occurrences. An earthquake of magnitude of 9.0 occurred on 11 March 2011, off the Pacific Coast of the northeastern part of the Japanese main land (Tohoku Region). Before the earthquake of M9.0, in Japan Trench subduction zone, the seismic activities showed some characteristic predictability signs: (1) quiescence area of the interplate earthquake of Mj≥7.0, since 1925, (2) the strip of earthquake of Mj≥7.0 perpendicular to Japan Trench since 2003 which begins with a deep earthquake and locates in the middle of the quiescence area, (3) generalized foreshocks of Mj≥5.6 occur in a limited local time period, not random in nature, since March 2009, and (4) foreshock (2011-03-09 Mj7.3) occurs in the quiescence area. The main shock occurred at the place where in the margin of the quiescence area, at the intersection of an earthquake strip perpendicular to Japan Trench and the arc-shaped interpolate earthquake zone in Japan Trench subduction zone, in the area with a distinct spatial variability in seismic activities. The fault surface of the main shock looks to match coplanarly with the fault surfaces of another two interplate earthquakes of Mj≥7.0 in the earthquake strip perpendicular to Japan Trench. The main shock occurs in the middle of the local time period in which generalized foreshocks occur frequently. Predictability patterns of the Tohoku earthquake of M9.0 in 2011 are very similar as our previously discovered ones.

Rapid Monitoring of Japan Earthquake-triggered Tsunami Disaster Based on a Fusion of Multiple Features Derived from HJ Small Satellite Images

DU Peijun;LIU Sicong;TAN Kun
Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 31-36. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.04.003
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (2849 KB)  ( 328 )
Abstract ( 550 )
The huge tsunami triggered by an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 on March 11, 2011 hit the east coast of Honshu, Japan, and caused serious social and economic losses. According to the characteristics of earthquake and tsunami disaster and the requirements of damage monitoring, a rapid disaster development detection process based on a decision level fusion of multiple features is designed. In this approach, each feature extracted from the original remote sensing images, including NDVI, NDWI, components of the principal component analysis and the independent component analysis, is used to derive a specific change map, and different change maps are then integrated by a decision level fusion algorithm to generate a synthetic change map with a higher reliability, which can be used for the damage assessment. Multi-temporal HJ-1A/B (environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting of small satellite constellation) images are processed by the proposed approach and used for detecting the devastated areas in east coast of Japan before and after tsunami. The experimental results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach, and demonstrate the advantages of HJ-1A/B remote sensing data. This unsupervised change detection process can identify the tsunami-devastated regions quickly and efficiently, and provide the technical and decision support for the disaster emergency response and loss evaluation.

Mechanical Analysis of Tubes in Deepwater Drilling Operation Without Riser

GAO Deli;ZHANG Hui;
Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 37-42. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.04.004
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (1898 KB)  ( 279 )
Abstract ( 363 )
The tubular mechanical behavior is very complicated during the deepwater drilling operation without riser, which is one of the key technological problems in the deepwater drilling engineering. Therefore, it is important to study the tubular mechanical behavior under loading conditions in the drilling operation, the deepwater environment and the vessel movements for safety of the deepwater drilling operation without riser. The transverse and longitudinal bending deformations, the longitudinal vibration of the drilling tubular string and the landing string design method for the deepwater drilling operation without riser are discussed in this paper. The variations of the tubular string deformation and the longitudinal vibration are analyzed by considering the relevant influencing factors. Based on the above analysis, the complicated engineering problems related to the tubular mechanics in the deepwater drilling operation without riser are simplified to be considered in the actual design and control. The results show that it is dangerous for the tubular string in the deepwater drilling operation without riser to work under the conditions of high or low axial tension force, deep water, severe vessel offset or heave and high speed current. The operation modes and the environment loads should be taken into account for the tubular string design and the strength check in the deepwater drilling operation without riser.

The Electrorotation Effect of Passive Electrostatic Detection System for Double Human Body Coupling Heart Electric Field

ZHANG Yan;XU Lixin
Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 43-46. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.04.005
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (1462 KB)  ( 320 )
Abstract ( 367 )
Electrostatic human body detector is a detector which is able to obtain the target information through catching up the electrostatic field of the target. It plays an important role in the human body detection technology. Based on dielectrophoresis theory, the detection of the coupling heart electric field between the operator and the detected living human is focused on; in the meanwhile, the electrorotation effect involving this problem is analyzed. Firstly, the electrorotation effect, which belongs to dielectrophoresis theory, is described. Then, the double human body coupling heart electric field and the electrorotation four-pole arch electrode structure which generates detective electric field, are analyzed. Finally, the finite element method is used to simulate and calculate the detective electric field. Simulation result clearly demonstrates electrorotation effect at three special angles. The conclusion is consistent with the theory and is one of significant studies on the passive electrostatic human body detection technique.

Protective Effects of Polysaccharide from Vitis vinifera L on Aβ25-35 Induced Injury in PC12 Cells

YUAN Fang;ZHANG Jingping;MA Long
Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 47-50. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.04.006
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (1357 KB)  ( 212 )
Abstract ( 689 )
In order to investigate protective effects of polysaccharide from Vitis vinifera L on β-amyloidprotein 25-35(Aβ25-35) induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, PC12 cells were treated with Aβ 25-35 in vitro for 24h to establish an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. Control group, model group (20μmol/L Aβ25-35), and different concentration of VTP groups (20, 40, 80μg/mL) were set up, and cellular morphological change was observed by using the inverted microscope. Cell viability of each group was assayed with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method; the penetration and completion of the cell membrane were detected by means of lactic acid dehydroge-nase (LDH) method; the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated by using chromatometry; and apoptotic rates were detected by means of Annexin V-FITC and staining with PI. The results show that comparing with the model group, VTP groups could improve cell injury, the cell numbers of the VTP groups raise obviously, the morphological change of the cell improves significantly, the survival rate of PC12 cells increases; LDH percolation activity decreases, SOD activity increases, MDA level decreases, and the apoptotic rate reduces. In summary, VTP has the protective effects on both oxidative damage and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by Aβ25-35.

Backfill Technology for the Deep and Concave Open-pit

SONG Ziling;JIA Lan;FAN Junfu;YANG Zhanjun;GAO Peng
Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 51-54. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.04.007
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (1142 KB)  ( 463 )
Abstract ( 729 )
Many early surface coal mines in China are deep and concave open-pits, and do not fit for dump. They will become an enormous pit when the mine is closed. Because the slope and the groundwater can not be maintained, the open-pit would cause geological and environmental calamities. The backfill open-pit is an effective measure for resolving the problem. The overburden of the neighboring producing surface mine provides the backfill material, and with the launder technology, the material transportation will be carried out by the help of the material weight, with a greatly reduced transportation cost. As an example, the backfill technology of the FUSHUN west open-pit is studied, and the reasonable backfill technology is proposed.

The Climatic Characteristics of Geological Calamity in the Mountainous Area of the Middle Part of Shandong Province

GAO Xiaomei;QIN Zengliang;WANG Lingjun;CHEN Linxiang;MA Shouqiang;YANG Kedong
Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 55-60. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.04.008
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (2226 KB)  ( 279 )
Abstract ( 481 )
Based on the geological calamity data in the mountainous area of the middle part of Shandong Province from 1950 to 2010, the climatic characteristics of geological calamity are analyzed. Main results are as follows: (1) The geological calamity in the mountainous area of the middle part of Shandong Province occurs from the middle of July to August, mostly in the middle period of July.The geological calamity is mainly of rainstorm type. (2) Frequently-occurring areas of the debris flow and landslip are located in the south and the west of the middle mountainous area of Shandong Province, mostly in the south .There is a trend that the location of the landslip monthly moves from the south to the north in June—August. (3) Its inter-decadal variation is obvious. The period that more geological calamities would occur is in the 1960s and the 1990s and the period that less geological calamities would occur is in the 1980s and the 1950s.The marked periodic variation of every 10—15 years and 3—6 years is found. (4) There is a great possibility for the geological calamity occurring if it is a severe heavy rain in the middle-south, a heavy rain or even just a rainfall of over 30mm may trigger a landslip in the southwest and the middle-east of the middle mountainous area of Shandong Province. Besides, the rainfall distribution in time and space is intimately related with the geological calamity. The intensity of the rainfall in the day that the geological calamity occurs is closely related to the preceding-rainfall.

ATC Safety Risks Early Warning and Threshold Value Determination Under the Growth of Air Traffic Flow

LUO Fan;YANG Zhi
Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 61-66. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.04.009
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (2177 KB)  ( 671 )
Abstract ( 468 )
Under the circumstance of China's civil aviation transportation volume increased year by year, a continuous increase in air traffic flow, so traffic control safety risks faced by rising and practical pressure. As the air traffic flow under increasing security risk is generated from an interaction and coupling process, it has obvious characteristics such as nonlinear, open and dynamic. To realize the dynamic early warning management and intuitionist, which reflects the system relevance of risk variables. This paper uses the dynamics system in the changeable and nonlinear model to build dynamic ATC safety risk early warning model. In order to reflect the dynamic nature of the monitoring indicators and systems association, this article constructs ATC safety risk dynamic early warning models on the basis of the system dynamics. The above model looks for the growth of air traffic flow as the starting point and the control risk to define internal indicator variables as terminal. Based on actual research and interviews, this paper uses the Vensim to simulate and analysis. As simulated examples can predict ATC safety risk warning status values effectively and visualize the changes of related factors in the system, it is reasonable to determine the risk threshold of the key early warning indicators. Results show that the use of SD to construct ATC safety risks warning model, which can meet the model of the dynamic and systemic.

Airworthiness Certification Method for Gas Turbine Engine Emissions

ZHANG Tiangang;HOU Xiaoyun
Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 67-70. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.04.010
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (1134 KB)  ( 304 )
Abstract ( 618 )
With the growing awareness of the importance of the environmental protection, a certification for nitrogen oxide emission becomes more and more stringent. The certification of airworthiness is necessary before the aircraft enters into a commercial operation. The requirement of the airworthiness is the basic regulation guarantee for the aircraft safe flight, so it is necessary to study the airworthiness certification method for gas turbine engine emissions. In order to solve the technical difficulty in dealing with the gas turbine engine emission test data, to meet the requirement in the airworthiness certification standard for engine emissions, the "Aircraft Engine Emissions" promulgated by the convention of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), is used to compile the pollutant gas sample data. The calculation of NOx emission index from aircraft is carried out by using Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and the ICAO method based on the ICAO standard LTO cycle. JT3D-7 NOx emissions are compatible with the existing regulatory standards according to China Civil Aviation Regulations (CCAR-34).

Article Edit Evolution in Wikipedia Based on Topology Potential Entropy

ZHAO Dongjie;WANG Hua;LI Deyi;LI Zhi;YANG Haitao;CHEN Guisheng
Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 71-74. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.04.011
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (1113 KB)  ( 385 )
Abstract ( 795 )
The emergence of web collective intelligence is an interdisciplinary research topic involving information science and social science. The topic is mapped to the problem of article edit evolution in Wikipedia based on mapping idea, then the framework of article edit evolution is proposed, the article edit interaction networks are constructed based on the history data of the featured articles in Wikipedia; in the networks, a node is editor and a link is the edit interaction connection between editors. The topology potential entropy is developed to study the article edit evolution. Results show that networks structure and articles evolve toward the orderly direction; the evolution has experienced three development stages from low to high with the emphasis on integrity, accuracy, and readability. The collective structure gradually becomes stable, and it has a scale-free property, both article quality and collective intelligence reach at a high level. There is a process from seesaw-like complementarity to dynamic balance between word quantity and word meaning, the critical point of balance is closed to the golden section point; article edit evolution follows the golden section law. The framework is effective, and the research deepens the knowledge of article edit evolution, web collective intelligence, and social computing.
Reviews

A Study of Patents on Tetrapod-like Zinc Oxide Whisker

SUN Yujing;ZHOU Long
Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 75-79. ;  doi: 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.04.012
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (1166 KB)  ( 261 )
Abstract ( 392 )
Tetrapod-like zinc oxide whisker has a special three-dimensional structure, with an excellent comprehensive performance as the zinc oxide whisker,, therefore, it has attracted a widespread interest. A large number of recent domestic and foreign patents on tetrapod-like zinc oxide whisker were reviewed in this paper, and the research progress of the preparation methods, its various areas and the modified methods of tetrapod-like zinc oxide whisker are systemically summarized, the potential of tetrapod-like zinc oxide whisker is demonstrated, and the trends of tetrapod-like zinc oxide whisker on the patent protection are indicated.
科技评论

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 80-80. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (442 KB)  ( 200 )
Abstract ( 239 )

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 81-81. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (732 KB)  ( 196 )
Abstract ( 250 )

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 82-82. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (947 KB)  ( 174 )
Abstract ( 251 )

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 82-82. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (947 KB)  ( 372 )
Abstract ( 264 )
主编心语

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 83-83. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (909 KB)  ( 260 )
Abstract ( 220 )
科技职场

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 84-84. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (391 KB)  ( 373 )
Abstract ( 274 )

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 85-87. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (1069 KB)  ( 152 )
Abstract ( 235 )

Science & Technology Review. 2012, 30 (4): 89-92. ;  doi:
Full text: HTMLnew PDF  (846 KB)  ( 80 )
Abstract ( 188 )

Copyright © Editorial office of Science & Technology Review
Tel: +86-10-62138113 Fax: +86-10-62138113 E-mail: jdbbjb@cast.org.cn
京ICP备14028469号-1