08 September 2012, Volume 30 Issue 25

    

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  Detailed Inventory of Landslides Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Its Comparison with Other Earthquake Events in the World

  XU Chong

  . 2012, 30(25): 18-26. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.25.008

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  It is indicated that on May 12, 2008, 197, 481 landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake (Mw 7.9) in China, total affected area is about 1, 160km2, distributing in an area of approximate110,000km2 by the latest studies. The inventory is the most detailed and comprehensive landslide inventory in the recent publications of landslide inventory related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, it is also the largest landslide inventory for a single earthquake event at the beginning of records. Among of these landslides, 196,007 landslides (account for 99.25%), with a total area of 1,150.622km2 (account for 99.19%), concentrate in an approximate ellipse area with a total area of 44,031km2. The Yinxiu-Beichuan co-seismic surface rupture is the long axis of the approximate ellipse area. The power rules between cumulative landslide number and landslide area having size between 10,000m2 and 1,000,000m2 related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake could be represented as a power law relationship, which is lg N(A)=-2.0745A+13 with R2=0.9931. This result indicates a good power law relationship between landslide area and landslide number. The area affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake slightly exceeds the upper bounds determined by single earthquake events all over the world. The inventory of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake provides an important basic data for the future research.
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  Prediction and Safety Analysis for Ground Subsidence of Transition from Open Pit to Underground Mining

  WANG Xinmin;KE Yuxian;HU Wei;YAN Debo

  . 2012, 30(25): 27-31. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.25.001

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  In order to maximize mining the underground resources and ensure the safety of the buildings and structures located in ground, the ground subsidence and movement induced by transition from open pit to underground mining of Xinqiao Mine was studied based on a three-dimensional model established by MIDAS/GTS. Analyse results showed that the largest value of surface tilt (i), curvature (K) and horizontal deformation (ε) are 0.640mm/m, 0.012×10^-3/m and 0.503mm/m, which lower than the structures and buildings objects protection level and the allowable deformation value corresponding. The ground subsidence and movement induced by transition from open pit to underground mining will don't endanger the buildings and structures located in ground, which provide a theoretical basis for prediction and safety analysis of Xinqiao Mine's ground subsidence.
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  Reservior Formation Model and Main Controlling Factors of G Block in North Gabon Sub-basin

  FANG Dazhi;WEI Qiuting

  . 2012, 30(25): 32-36. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.25.002

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  The Gabon basin is a sedimentary basin with oil and gas in the passive continental margin of West Africa, and is considered as a main hydrocarbon exploration area. The G block is a key investment block in north Gabon sub-basin. The petroleum geological conditions of the G block are favorable. As a typical oil and gas reservoir in the passive continental margin basin, the oilfield in the G block could be a good reference for other blocks in terms of the geological condition and the hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution. In order to reveal the hydrocarbon accumulation and its main control factors for the oilfields in the G block, this paper analyzes the source rock, the reservoir, the cap rock, the trap and the hydrocarbon migration system in terms of stratigraphic and structural characteristics. It is confirmed that in the G block there are high quality resource rocks, sand reservoirs of good petrophysical properties, and the reservoir and seal assemblage is good. The U.P.C. member is the main pay zone in the G block. The oil reservoirs in the G block are mainly structural traps such as the anticline and fault blocks controlled by tectonic activities, and the hydrocarbon accumulates mainly in the high structural closer. This paper presents the accumulation model in the G block, including the generation and feed from the deeper source rock, the migration through faults, salt and sandstone, the oil and gas accumulation in structural traps, and the main factors for the hydrocarbon accumulation are traps related with salt structure.
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  The Sequence Boundaries Identification and the Depositional Characteristics in the Third-order Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of Panyu Low Uplift

  GAO Peng;QIN Chenggang

  . 2012, 30(25): 37-45. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.25.003

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  The Panyu low uplift is one of the most favorable oil and gas accumulation zones in the Pearl River Mouth Basin. Multiple gas fields and gas-bearing structures have been found in this area. The OGIP is estimated as about 120 billion cubic meters. How to find new oil and gas exploration areas on the basis of exploratory results is important for the sustainable development of the natural gas exploration in the Pearl River Mouth Basin. In this paper, the sequence stratigraphic framework of this area is built and the sequence structure characteristics, the depositional evolution and its control factors are analyzed based on the previous studies, the seismic data, the well log curves and the paleontology. The sequence boundary identification and the structure characteristics of the sequence stratigraphy are presented, together with the distribution and the development of sedimentary facies in the sequence stratigraphic framework of this area. It turns out that there are several different sedimentary sequence development models in the evolution stage of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The sequence structure characteristics and the distribution of the sedimentary systems are mainly controlled by the sea level variation and the faulted slope-break zone, as a result, there are five reservoir-seal assemblages formed in this area, among which two have a good exploration potential.
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  The Impact of AVO/AVA Inversion on the Lateral Resolution of Heterogeneity

  TANG Zhiyuan;SUN Zandong;ZHANG Yuanyin

  . 2012, 30(25): 46-51. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.25.004

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  Carbonate reservoir is widely developed in the Tarim Basin of China, where a large number of oil fields are discovered. The reservoir storage spaces in the area are mostly secondary dissolution caves and are characterized as strong heterogeneity. One of the key technical problems is how to accurately calculate the volume of these caves. Influenced by desertification surface and deeply buried reservoir, the seismic data collected from the area has the obvious characters of low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution. The pre-stack seismic inversion often used in here is AVA inversion using partially stacked data to characterize the carbonate reservoir. Comparing with AVO inversion using single trace, AVA inversion suffers from the loss of lateral resolution when characterizing heterogeneity. Considering the question mentioned above, a physical model is used to analyze the influence of AVO/AVA inversion on heterogeneity. On the one hand, the differences in the lateral resolution of AVO/AVA inversion are quantitatively studied. On the other hand, the results of seismic inversion are compared with the actual size of caves in the physical model. The results demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio is able to be improved by AVA inversion while the lateral resolution is subsequently reduced. For the AVA inversion, seismic incident angle gather is divided into three parts, using for pre-stack inversion, the reservoir heterogeneity resolution is able to be reduced up to 33%.
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  Design and Implementation of Client-Side for Mobile Video Surveillance System

  ZHANG Jingang;WANG Shuzhen;HUANG Min;CHEN Nengjin

  . 2012, 30(25): 52-57. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.25.005

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  With the development of society and the progress of technology, mobile video surveillance system plays a more and more important role in social life and industry production. Mobile video surveillance system is consisted of server-side and client-side. The design of client-side is focused on. Through the analysis on the actual demand from current video surveillance user monitoring video screen at anytime and anywhere, by taking the combination of IP network and the wireless network as transmission network, J2ME as the main programming language, the MVC pattern as the main frame of software, the 3GP is used as the main packaging formats to encapsulate H.264 video data, A schematic design of client-side for mobile video surveillance system is proposed. The architecture and module functions are briefly introduced; the design idea of core function modules is also given. Based on the communication instruction, video data transmission, and the software design, the functions involving a user login, adding, modifying, and deleting device information, PTZ control, channel selection, keep alive, operation assistance, viewing monitor screen and others are achieved, the general demands of ordinary users is basically met. The solution could be used to other platforms due to its universality.
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  Application of Evaluation on Working Fatigue Based on Improved Fuzzy Borda Method

  LIU Minxia;KE Jiawei;XIE Jian;XUE Qing

  . 2012, 30(25): 58-62. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.25.006

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  In order to improve the social management on the human working fatigue, and reduce the economic loss due to the working fatigue, it is necessary to make a quantitative evaluation of the human working fatigue. First based on the combination of the entropy method, the factor analysis method and the comprehensive index method, four fatigue indexes are evaluated from the questionnaires and the experiments. Second, by using the improved fuzzy Borda method, the combination evaluation of the results is made for the above three comprehensive evaluation methods. Finally, the cluster analysis is made based on the results of the improved fuzzy Borda method. The enterprise could adjust its working tasks, incentive measures and working conditions in order to reduce the working fatigue.
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  Impact of Electrical Connector Corrosion Failure on Signal Transmission

  LI Yong;CHANG Tianqing;LI Kun

  . 2012, 30(25): 63-67. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.25.007

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  In order to solve the problem of NFF (No-Faults-Found) caused by the electrical connector corrosion failure of an amphibious armored equipment, this paper studies the impact of the electrical connector corrosion failure on the signal transmission based on the principle analysis and the circuit simulation. The corrosion failure mechanism of the electrical connector in a salt spray environment is analyzed. The electrical contact impedance model and the circuit of the corrosive connector are established and the circuit characteristics in the corrosive failure state are analyzed. The impact of the corrosive failure on the signal transmission is studied by simulating the circuit with different impedance values. The results show that the electrical contact impedance formed by the corrosion failure of the electrical connector will lead to the transmission distortion of high frequency signals. The increase of the contact resistance reduces the amplitude of the signal wave and even completely distorts the signal. But in the limited scope, the presence of the contact capacitor provides a pathway for high frequency signals and reduces their distortion.
Reviews
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  Research Progresses in Diesel Oxidation Catalysts

  WANG Jianqiang;WANG Yuan;LIU Shuangxi;GAO Jidong;MA Jie;GAO Haiyang

  . 2012, 30(25): 68-73. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.25.009

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  Tightening emission standards for heavy-duty in use diesel required a new effective diesel emission control system. Since 1989, Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs) have been adopted by Diesel passenger vehicles in Europe and a number of studies on the use of such catalysts to meet current legislation limits have been published. The primary purposes are oxidation of CO, unburned hydrocarbons, and NO, while active hydrocarbon oxidation could be also used to generate exotherms required for downstream components. The main advances for catalysts in the last decade are systematically reviewed. Special attentions are given to the structure of DOCs, fundamental reaction, and the DOCs catalysts deactivation and regeneration. DOCs consist of case package, monolith, damping layer, and catalysts. The precious metal component of the catalyst is typically regarded as the active site for the reaction. The most common precious metals used for DOCs are Pt and Pd. Catalyst deactivation is becoming a constant concern for catalytic converters, because it is a natural phenomenon caused by several methods, including sintering of active sites, poisoning by sulfurous compounds, and washcoat covered by carbon oxidation products. At last, the development tendency for DOC technology is proposed.
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  The Progress in Anaerobic Digestion Models

  YANG Shuangchun;DENG Dan;LIANG Dandan;PAN Yi

  . 2012, 30(25): 74-79. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.25.010

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  The anaerobic biological method is a process of low energy consumption and high efficiency to deal with high concentration organic wastewater. An anaerobic digestion model describes how the bacteria and the facultative anaerobic bacteria decompose the biodegradable organic in the sludge into carbon dioxide, methane and water under anaerobic conditions. As a structure model, it contains all procedures, including the production processes of decomposition and hydrolysis, acid, acetic acid and methane. In this paper, some sludge anaerobic digestion models are reviewed, such as the single-phase anaerobic digestion model (SP-ADM1), the Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion Model (TP-ADM1), the combination of the Anaerobic Digestion and the Activated Sludge (ADM1-ASMs), the Sulfate Reduction of Anaerobic Digestion Model (SR-ADM1), the Nitrate Reduction of Anaerobic Digestion Expansion Model (NR-ADEM1), the Gas Production and its Expansion of the Anaerobic Digestion Model (GPAE-ADM1), the Sedimentation Tank of Anaerobic Digestion Model (ST-ADM1), and the Inhibition Kinetics of Anaerobic Digestion Model (IK-ADM1). In addition, the anaerobic digestion models are evaluated in comparison with the anaerobic digestion model 1, and some suggestions are made for future researches.