28 May 2012, Volume 30 Issue 15
    

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    Articles
  • XU Yin;XU Huaimin;GUO Chuntao;NIU Yujie;CHANG Lunjie;HAN Tao
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    The reservoir interlayer is an important factor in the flow in the reservoir. The reservoir interlayer and the characterization of the oil field are closely related to the oil distribution remained from the mid-later period and the development of the oilfield. Based on the core observation, in view of the Tarim basin in Donghe Marine sandstone reservoir in Tazhong area, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the origin of the interlayer, which is divided into two major types, formed by deposition and diagenesis. With electrical characteristics comparisons and the data of physical properties, three types of interlayer are identified, including mud, calcium and properties, and an inter-layer identification standard of non-core wells is established. Its role in the control of the oilfield development is discussed from the aspects of the thickness, distribution, vertical permeability and the attitude of the interlayer. The sealing capacity of oil and water of the interlayer has positive relationships with its thickness and distribution. Vertical permeability decides the degree and speed of the injection water moving up and down. Water injection along the tendency direction of the interlayer is often liable to form the remaining oil-rich region.
  • XU Yanjun;ZHONG Dakang;SUN Haitao
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    Based on the fully recognition about stratigraphical and sedimentary characteristics of the lower sandstone member Kepingtage Formation of Silurian in Tazhong Area, Tarim Basin and by using large number of thin-sections and cores, the lithology and reservoir characteristics have been studied and the reservoir developing characteristics with main control factors have been illustrated. The characteristics of the reservoir are as follows: Sand body of lower sandstone member of Kepingtage Formation primarily consists of both fine-grained lithic sandstone and lithic quartz sandstone, with low composition maturity, rich pore-filling contents, high-rounded, and well-sorted. The main pore types are original intergranular pore, intergranular emposieu, and micro-pore. The porosity ranges from 0.5% to 14.7% and the permeability ranges from 0.1×10-3μm2 to 100×10-3μm2, therefore the reservoir is characterized by over-low porosity and permeability. Sedimentary environment, deep-bury, and lithgenesis function (compression, carbonate, cementation) are main factors that control the reservoir characters.
  • XING Enyuan;PANG Xiongqi;JIANG Fujie;GUO Jigang;
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    In the mid-west part of China, tight sandstone gas is reserved in a large area. The potential gas and oil source in deep reservoir is tremendous; however as a result of low reservoir porosity and permeability with different manners of migration, both tight gas reservoir with conventional gas-water relation and deep basin gas reservoir with gas-water inversion are developed. It is necessary to discuss the accumulation efficiencies of tight sandstone gas reservoir with the different manners of migration in order to provide valuable references to exploration and practice. For the sake of exploration practice direction of tight sandstone gas reservoir, the methods of theoretic argumentation and physical simulative experiments are used to discuss the accumulation efficiency of tight sandstone gas reservoir which is migrated by faults and by an interface of source rock and tight sandstone, respectively. The results are as follows: Firstly, the accumulation efficiency of migration of an interface of source rock and tight sandstone is better than the efficiency of faults migration and the gas filling volume is higher in a unit time. Secondly, tight sandstone gas reservoir located at the developing belt of fractures needs shorter time to accumulation; however the relation between water and gas is complex in the reservoir. The rationality of the inference is verified by the simulation test. Nevertheless, there are still differences with the temperature and pressure conditions between the laboratory and the actual geological conditions, the results could provide the valuable theory reference for the exploration in the future.
  • YU Qingbo;WANG Haifu;YU Weiming
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    The behavior studies on projectile penetrating 603-typed armor are carried out both in simulation and experiment. Initial discoveries involving the affect of impact velocity and impact angle on penetration acceleration are obtained. Simulations of AUTODYN-3D hydrocode show that impact velocity and impact angle affect the penetration acceleration significantly. Penetration acceleration increases as impact velocity increases; however it appears a contrary trend as impact angle increases. The witness experiments of 56mm diameter projectile with different impact velocities penetrating 603-typed armor show a quite good agreement with the simulations, and penetration acceleration increases as impact velocity increases, and the maximum acceleration appears in the time range of 0.05—0.2ms.
  • JIANG Xuepeng;ZHANG Yangshu;XU Zhisheng;WEI Dong
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    Taking Qianjiang shield tunnel as the research object and based on the CFD simulation method, a large eddy simulation analysis software FDS is adopted to simulate and analyze the effect of exhaust rate on fire smoke control under the condition of the same heat release rate of 50MW and exhaust ports in a road tunnel. Ten different exhaust rates are simulated under the mode of bidirectional equilibrium smoke extraction. Comparative analysis are made on smoke flow velocity in exhaust ports, temperature at exhaust ports and exhaust fans, smoke exhaust efficiency, visibility distributions at two meters high of road, and smoke spread distance, when smoke exhaust rates are different. The results show that different smoke exhaust rates have great influence on smoke exhaust effect. The simulation results show that smoke flow velocities in exhaust ports are less than 10m/s, temperature at exhaust fans are less than 280℃, and visibility distributions at two meters high of road are more than 10m, which satisfy requirements of the design code. When the smoke exhaust rate are greater than or equal to 190m3/s, the temperature at exhaust ports is less than 280℃, smoke exhaust efficiency could reach at 100% and fire smoke is limited in the section of the opened exhaust ports. It is indicated that a quite good smoke control effect could be achieved. The results could provide some reference to design institutes for selecting exhaust fan.
  • YAO Jinrui;LUO Man;LI Wencheng;WANG Mei;LIU Yongxu
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    In addition to adapt deposit geological conditions and ensure production safety, the selection of mining method should as far as possible to improve the economic benefit and social benefit. Therefore the selection of mining method must consider many indexes and factors. According to the actual situation of the project of phosphorus mine field, a total of 14 factors, such as mining capacity, mining efficiency, mining cut ratio, attached ore ratio, unit explosive consumption, caving ore amount, loss rate, dilution rate, cost of extraction, cemented filling percentage, the degree of management difficulty, mining preparation time, degree of adaptation, and safety level, are used as measuring indexes, and the unascertained mathematics theory is used to optimize the selection of five mining methods in Kaiyang phosphorus mine. These methods are in-pulse mining non-pillar contact sectional filling mining method, integrated method of room and pillar type joint out mine-medium-length hole cross cut and afterwards filling mining, integrated method of medium-length hole cross cut and afterwards filling mining, integrated method of medium-length hole cross cut and afterwards filling mining in intra-pulse roadway, integrated method of medium-length hole cross cut with piecewise continuous mining and afterwards filling mining. The results show that the in-pulse mining non-pillar contact sectional filling mining method is the best among them, and the rest of methods take a second place. The optimal results provide a strong theoretical support for safety and effective mining of Kaiyang phosphorus mine.
  • SHA Yongdong;LI Xiaohuo;HOU Jing;KANG Xiaomin
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    In order to research dynamic natures of a knife-shape-tooth three star-wheel loading mechanism, both mechanical model and solid model of the star-wheel loading mechanism are established by means of updated-Lagrange method and ANSYS software, and the equivalent stress cloud map and displacement respond curves of the star-wheel at different vibration frequencies are obtained through harmonic response analyses. Modal analysis shows that the star-wheel loading mechanism does not take pace resonance when the vibration frequency locates between 2Hz and 2.6Hz, and the star-wheel works stably when the rotation speed is from 40r/min to 52r/min. These study conclusions lay a theoretical foundation for improving the design of a knife-shape-tooth three star-wheel loading mechanism and perfecting its dynamic behavior.
  • YAN Xiaowei;DENG Jiahao;LI Chengyan;FENG Zhanlin
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    The information-based systematic operation becomes a major form of the war and a major direction of the development of related studies. The information-based warfare equipment system is the fundamental issue in the accurate information flow, the efficient control, and the comprehensive application in a battlefield, to enhance the joint combat capability and to win the information-based war. The new generation information-based combat equipments in the joint operational environment are technology-intensive, with complicated battle management, therefore, the planning and design of the weapons system based on the overall strategic situation is very important. This paper reviews the information-based operational system development, the characteristics of the system, the equipment system verification, and the main processes, which features "demand driven, system architecture dominant".
  • YUSUF Abibai;AIZEZI Renaguli;UPUR Halmurat
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    To observe the effects of Xipayi mouth rinse on the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production of Human Gingival Fibroblast (HGF) by stimulation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), the HGF cells cultured by healthy human gingival tissue are used. With 1ng/mL IL-1β as a stimulating factor, HGF cells with 5×104/mL cell density were inoculated into a culture plate with 24 holes, each containing 200μL cell suspension. 24h after incubation and adhering to the wall, the original culture liquid was abandoned and the mouth was washed 2 times after adding the drugs, which were grouped into control group (with 20m/L fetal bovine serum medium DMEM), IL-1β group (beta concentration is 1ng/mL), IL-1β+Xipayi mouth rinse group (end concentrations of were 50, 100, 200g/mL, respectively ), IL-1β+indomethacin (100ng/mL of endcentration) group. The enzyme immunoassay method is used to check the PGE2 and observe the effects of different concentrations of Xipayi mouth rinse on PGE2 levels in the HGF supernatant. Results show that Xipayi mouth rinse at different concentrations suppresses the PGE2 production of HGF stimulated with 1ng/mL IL-1β significantly in a dose dependent manner. It is concluded that the human gingival fibroblast has the ability of synthesizing and secreting PGE2, and IL-1β is a potent stimulation for HGF cell to generate PGE2; and Xipayi mouth rinse can significantly inhibit the PGE2 production of HGF by stimulation of IL-1β.
  • Reviews
  • ZHOU Kun;ZOU Zhengping;LIU Huoxing;WANG Lei
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    With the development of aviation industry, more and more requirements are submitted during the design of civil and military aero-engines, such as higher thrust-weight ratio, lower fuel consumption, more affordability, etc. The counter-rotating turbine technology provides a powerful solution for the problems. The relevant literatures are reviewed from the aspects of velocity triangle parametric analyses, aerodynamic design criteria, internal flow mechanisms, shockwave control methods, and design techniques of convergent-divergent airfoils, respectively. By combining literature review with the research carried out in many years by authors, the characteristics of counter-rotating turbine are analyzed. However some challenges are also encountered when the counter-rotation turbine technology is applied to the aero-engines. These challenges in terms of processing technology, structural strength, heat transfer/cooling as well as their possible solutions are considered. Finally, the development trends of the technology are predicted.
  • RU Shaoguo;XU Lei
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    Despite their widespread use, organophosphate pesticides cause developmental neurotoxicity through a mechanism based on their function as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Animals in early developmental stages are especially vulnerable to developmental neurotoxicity induced by organophosphate pesticides. The embryos and larvae of sea urchin provide a promising invertebrate model system for evaluating developmental neurotoxicity induced by organophosphate pesticides, as they develop quickly with well-characterized morphological and biochemical features, possess similar processes of neurogenesis and signaling cascades to chordates, and are vulnerable to pollutants. Both the neurodevelpment of sea urchin during early development stage and the regulation on the early development were included. Particularly, the neurotoxic effects of organophosphate pesticides on the early development and its potential neurotoxicity mechanism for sea urchin are discussed, and future prospects of this field are provided.