08 May 2012, Volume 30 Issue 13

    

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  Experiment on the Remediation Chlorobenzene-contaminated Groundwater by Using Immobilized Microorganisms

  HONG Mei;WANG Dong;LI Yingquan;WANG Aimin;ZHUANG Hui

  . 2012, 30(13): 21-24. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.13.001

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  Chlorobenzene is a synthetic organic compound. It is widely used in the industrial and agricultural productions. It is difficult to be degraded by indigenous microorganisms in the groundwater environment. Immobilization microbial technology is widely used in the water treatment in recent years. Microorganism is immobilized in polymeric gel. It forms an isolated environment for the microorganism. The activity of microorganism and the efficiency of pollutants degradation are improved. The effect of bioaugmentation is enhanced. By using static factors-choosing experiment and dynamic simulation experiment, it is confirmed that PVA-SA composite gel fixed microbial degrade chlorobenzene-contaminated groundwater is more effective than free microorganisms and indigenous microorganisms do. And it is concluded that the bigger ratio of the aquifer medium size to gel size, the more conducive to PVA-SA composite gel migration in groundwater is. It is also concluded that the smaller the gel size is, the higher chlorobenzene degradation efficiency is. For the best degradation effect, PVA-SA composite gel immobilized conditions are PVA concentration of 80g/L, CaCl₂ concentration of 10g/L, the ratio of embedding medium to the broth volume is 30:1, and SA mass fraction is 1.0%.
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  HCV Infection Up-regulates PTTG1 Expression via MAPK/Erk Pathway

  FENG Dandan;YANG Shuo;LI Hongxia;GU Na;LU Jun

  . 2012, 30(13): 25-30. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.13.002

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  To investigate the possible molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by HCV infection, CD81-Huh7 cell was transfected by HCV-JFH1 RNA as described in our previous studies. Cells were collected 10, 50, 100 and 150 days after the HCV RNA transfection and were passaged every 3-4 days. PTTG1 mRNA and protein expressions were detected by Real time PCR and Western Blot. The phosphorylated Erk kinase (p-Erk) and the total Erk1/2 protein level were measured by Western blot. MAPK/Erk inhibitor (PD98059) was applied to block the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. HCV was inhibited by IFN. It is found that the levels of PTTG1 mRNA and protein are significantly increased at above time point in HCV transfected cells as compared to the untransfected cells. Parallel with PTTG1, the p-Erk is significantly increased in the transfected groups as compared with the untransfected groups. The inhibition of HCV has significantly decreased the expression of PTTG1 and the phosphorylation of MAPK/Erk1/2; MAPK/Erk1/2 inhibitor has significantly decreased the PTTG1 expression. The HCV infection activates MAPK/Erk1/2 pathway and leads to the increase of oncogenic PTTG1 over-expression, which may be one of the pathogenesis of the HCV related HCC development.
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  Risk Quantification and Analysis for the Research-typed Projects Based on MCS Method

  GAO Jianwei

  . 2012, 30(13): 31-35. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.13.003

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  With standardization, informatization, scientificness, and rationalization are more and more popular in the research project management, the risk management becomes more and more important. In risk management, risks in research project should be ordered by their importance, and the influence of risks on project schedule and cost should be also analyzed. A Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS)-based method for quantifying the risk in research project is developed in order to analyze the importance, schedule as well as the cost of the project. Firstly, the method for risk data capturing and processing is developed on basis of the triangle distribution. Secondly, the circle and cost models are developed separately on basis of Earliest Start Time (EST), Earliest Finish Time (EFT) as well as the Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS). Thirdly, the sampling algorithm and flow based on MCS is defined, the analysis method for probabilistic risk error is also proposed. Finally, a leveled risk analysis method is also developed on basis of the risk quantification; the total risk is divided into the risk of project and risks of subprojects. A method for computing completion probability of appointive deadline constraint-oriented project is discussed; in the meantime, the method for analyzing subproject progress-oriented risks is developed by using the index of key targets which are Key Probability (KP) and Key Importance (KI).
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  Compounding Porous Titanium Dioxide Film in Porous Titanium by Using Micro-Arc Oxidation and Photocatalyst

  SUN Shengmin

  . 2012, 30(13): 36-38. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.13.004

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  With the development of technology, a variety of new organic compounds are emerging. It is difficult to handle many of the organic compounds by the traditional physical and chemical methods, and it is easy to cause the secondary pollution, which requires us to find an effective way to deal with these refractory organics. Load type porous titanium dioxide is a kind of good photocatalystic which is stable and high optical efficient and is easy to be recycled and does not produce secondary pollution, etc. Therefore, it is widely known. 100μm titanium beads is used as raw materials, in vacuum sintering porous titanium preparation conditions, adopting Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO) method, sodium solution is used as the electrolyte, titanium dioxide coating is prepared on porous titanium matrix. By means of XRD, SEM, and Raman test, titanium dioxide coating is characterized. The results show that the titanium dioxide coating of crystal is sharp titanium ore, its morphology has a characteristic micro-arc oxidation porous structure, and the size of aperture is 1μm—2μm. Under the condition of UV light, the degradation ability of titanium dioxide coating to Rhodamine B solution is measured, it is found that the after 90 minutes of ultraviolet ray radiation, the Rhodamine B degradation rate reaches at 80%.
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  Synthesis of Super Absorbent Resin of Starch-acrylic Acid by Microwave Radiation

  WU Jianning;MENG Guihua;LIU Zhiyong;MA Cunhua;ZHANG Ling

  . 2012, 30(13): 39-43. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.13.005

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  Microwave radiation could promote the monomer or reaction liquid fast, activate certain groups of macromolecule chain, and have no damage. Compared with the traditional heating method, microwave radiation is able to complete in one step by drying process, simplify technological process, shorten the reaction time, and reduce energy consumption. In this experiment, starch and acrylic acid are used as main raw materials, potassium persulfate is used as initiator, N, N′- methylene diacrylamide is used as crosslinking agent, and high water absorbent resin is prepared by microwave irradiation. The effect of reactive monomer/starch ratio, neutralization degree of acrylic acid, the amount of initiator, and cross-linking agent on the water absorbing properties are studied. The orthogonal experiment results show that the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: The ratio of monomer to starch is 9:1, initiator dosage is 0.4%, crosslinker dosage is 0.08%, and the neutralization degree of acrylic acid is 85% in microwave low-fire heating for 5min. Under such conditions, the water absorbency of the product is 569.95g/g, and getting to saturation in 40min. The effect factors of resin adsorption distillation water ratio from major to minor are monomer/starch>neutralization degree of acrylic acid＞dosage of initiator＞cross-linking agent dosage, the optimal scheme is A₂B₂C₃D₃, the optimum synthetic product is characterized by SEM, the thermal gravimetric test shows the product has the good thermal stability. Microwave radiation method is able to greatly shorten the reaction time, and simplify the process.
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  Improvement of Steep and Fractured Ore-body Mining Method and Design of Re-Construction of Sub-top

  LI Xibing;FAN Wenlu;HU Guohong

  . 2012, 30(13): 44-48. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.13.006

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  The steep incline and fractured ore-bodies in Yongshaba mine belong to the category of difficult-to-mine ore-bodies. They are extremely fractured, leading to a lot of problems in the actual production. Such as, the in-vein drill drifts are difficult to support and the working environment is dangerous. After studies of the ore-body conditions, it is decided to adopt the method of reconstructing the manual roof and filling the downward sublevel stagger based on the pre-design sublevel rock drilling stage vacant stope backfill mining method. A reinforced concrete sub-top is reconstructed on the stope, staggered arranging the stope and the up and down sublevel pillars are built to support the upper ore-body, so the workers can work under the protection of the sub-top. Due to the increased sublevel's height, the drilling efficiency is further improved, and the stope production capacity is guaranteed. The mine can have safe and efficient productions. The improvement method is applied successfully in the mine.
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  Utilization of Solid Phase Waste Drilling Mud

  ZHANG Xiangyu;MAO Mingjun;ZHAO Yongqing;LIU Zhuming

  . 2012, 30(13): 49-52. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.13.007

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  Based on the solid liquid separation of solid phase waste drilling mud, the resource utilization feasibility study is conducted. 20%-30% of the curing agent (by volume), 6%-10% of the aggregate (clay and sand, stone chips or gravel, slag, etc), 425^# ordinary Portland cement mixed with 10%, coagulant 3%-5% by adding the solid phase materials, after mixing, they can be directly used for the slope reinforcement or the site hardening. With a stir squeeze system, they can also be turned into non-fired brick for the walls of the well site, the living area and wells in non-load-bearing confined zones. The buildings made of non-fired brick and the related environmental indicators are analyzed against the standard requirements. From the effectiveness point of view, this method has changed the traditional way of drilling waste disposal in the exploration process, the waste drilling fluid waste is reduced and made harmless, the resource is recycled, and the environmental risks are eliminated in the oil and gas exploration process.
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  Fault Diagnosis Strategy of the Fire Control System Based on the AHP

  KANG Wei;DONG Tianzhao;YANG Guozhen;CHEN Junwei

  . 2012, 30(13): 53-56. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.13.008

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  During fault diagnosing of general fire control system, visual observation method, backup device replacement method, and fault tree analysis method are mainly used. Visual observation method requires maintenance staffs who own much experience and stronger ability. Backup device replacement method could be only used to limited situation. While adopting the method of fault tree analysis on fault diagnosis of fire control system leads to heavy workload and low efficiency caused by choosing diagnosis path incorrectly when it came to logic gates. In view of such problems, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on fault tree analysis is introduced, and by adopting optimized research strategy for quantizing useful information, the reasonable troubleshooting methods are obtained. The theory analysis and experimental results show that troubleshooting method optimized by AHP not only has shorter time and higher efficiency than that for blind troubleshooting method, but also has certain practical value for improving the diagnosis efficiency of the complex fire control system.
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  Experiments on the Preparation of High-efficient Active Floridin by Wheel Rolling

  SHU Mingyong;LIU Guanghui

  . 2012, 30(13): 57-61. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.13.009

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  Taking Ca-bentonite of Zhanyi County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province as the raw material, after drying, the moisture content is less than 5%, and broken into particles of 3—5mm. Acidification reagents are consisted of the volume fraction of 15% sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and oxalic acid saturated solution. Add acidification reagents to the wheel grinding machine for rolling. After a certain period of time, add Ca(OH)2 and adjust the material to 5 or 6 pH values, meanwhile add reductant sodium dithionite (Na₂S₂O₄). After 5 minutes, stop working and discharging, drying the material at 110℃, preparing of high efficient active floridin after crushing. The research results indicate that the main factors influencing the activity and decolorization ratio of floridin include mixed acid concentration, solid-to-acid ratio, rolling time, moisture content and reducing agent dosage. When the mixed acid volume fraction is 15%, solid-to-acid ratio is 4:1, moisture content is 22%, rolling time is 40min and reducing agent dosage is 0.8%, it is possible to prepare the high-efficient active floridin with active degree being 204, decolorization ratio being 96%, the relative brightness being 82.
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  Unsteady Characteristics of Natural Wind and Its Influence on Indoor Environment

  ZHOU Junli;HU Yan;ZHANG Guoqiang

  . 2012, 30(13): 62-68. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.13.010

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  At present, most studies in this direction consider only the characteristics of the mean flow rate in the natural ventilation, which would lead to errors, because the wind is thus considered as a steady flow. In order to better evaluate the ventilation effects of naturally ventilated buildings, the fluctuating characteristics of the natural wind should be considered, and the impacts of the fluctuating characteristics on the natural ventilation rates are discussed in this paper. The prediction methods for the ventilation rates are divided into two types: the correction method based on the steady-state flow assumption and the fluctuation method based on the unsteady-state flow assumption. Meanwhile, the effects of the turbulence intensity and the pulsation frequency of the natural wind on the human thermal comfort are analyzed. It is pointed out that a natural ventilation model should be developed based on the fluctuating wind for the engineering design in China.
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  Research Developments in Electrocatalysis Properties of Supported Oxyhydroxide

  HU Qingyuan;TAN Qingjun;HOU Hongwei;TANG Gangling

  . 2012, 30(13): 69-73. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.13.011

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  With its special structure, the high surface area and the high active nature, the oxyhydroxide microstructure enjoys high molecular recognition performance,good surface reactivity and electrochemistry properties. The functional unit of the oxyhydroxide microstructure is more and more applied in electrochemistry studies. On the basis of the functional unit's catalytic activity and the oxyhydroxide's structure superiority, this paper reviews the synthesis and applications of supported oxyhydroxide, such as AlOOH and FeOOH, and the application of noble metal, metal oxides, hydroxy oxide and double-layer-like hydroxyl oxide as functional units on oxyhydroxide modified electrodes in electrochemistry, and their prospective development.
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  Status quo of Modeling Reasearch on Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand

  PAN Yi;XIAO Lizhi

  . 2012, 30(13): 74-79. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2012.13.012

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  Heavy oil is the most important resource and the way to replenish the loss of oil in the 21st century. Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) is an effective and important method to exploit heavy oil reservoir with the low cost. By describing the applicable condition and mechanism of CHOPS, the introduction of establishment about the mathematical model of CHOPS is educed; it mainly includes engineering method sand production model, continuous method of hydrodynamic model, water dynamics erosion model coupling geological mechanics, discontinuous method model, and foamy oil model. For each type of model, it gives researchers different methods to establish the mathematical model according to different factors, at the same time the models have been evaluated and compared with each other. Due to the complexity of the mechanism of CHOPS,in order to form a model which is more perfect and more close to the actual production, more influence factors should be gradually added in the future. Finally, for the application prospect and subsequent development technology of CHOPS, some own viewpoints are presented for the discussion.