28 September 2011, Volume 29 Issue 27

    

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Articles
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  Functional and Structural Definition of a Clustering Region of HLA-A2-restricted Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitopes

  LIU Jun;QI Jianxun;GAO Feng;YAN Jinghua;GAO George Fu

  . 2011, 29(27): 19-26. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.27.001

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  T cell epitopes play an important role in the anti-virus specific T cell immunity. Currently, the phenomenon of T cell epitope clustering is reported among different pathogenic microbes. Here, a strategy is established to identify Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) epitope clusters region with the combined functional and structural methods. And by using this strategy, a HLA-A2-restricted epitope cluster in SARS-CoV M protein is successfully defined. Firstly, the computer-assisted algorithm was utilized to predict a series of potential HLA-A2 binding peptides around the sequences of two previous identified HLA-A2 epitopes Mn2 and Md3 in the transmembrane domain of SARS-CoV M protein. The HLA-A2 binding affinities of these peptides were accessed through in vitro refolding assay and T2 cell binding assay. Consequently, antigenicity of the peptides was confirmed by ELISPOT by using transgenic mice immunized with peptide Mn2 or DNA vaccine of M protein. Furthermore, the crystal structure of HLA-A^*0201 complexed with peptide Md3-C9 was determined. And the structure shows that the peptide is presented in a traditional conformation of HLA-A2 restricted peptides, however is different from the previously-determined structure of Md3. The result is a great help to understand anti-virus T cell responses and might pave a new way for the T cell-related vaccines for a broader population.
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  Effects of Fastigial Nucleus Electrical Stimulation on Calcium-overload in Myocardium of Rats after Myocardial Infarction

  ZHANG Runfeng;LI Xia;HU Dayi;GAO Wengen;WEI Yidong;XING Yan

  . 2011, 29(27): 27-30. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.27.002

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  Exploring the effect of Fastigial Nucleus Stimulation (FNS) on intracellular calcium overload in rats after Myocardial Infarction (MI) is taken aim at. Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into three groups with 30 rats for each group, that is, MI group, FNS group, and fastigial nucleus lesion group. In the MI group, left anterior descending artery of rats was ligated. In the FNS group, rats were pretreated with fastigial nucleus electro-stimulation for 1h, and then left anterior descending artery was ligated. In the fastigial nucleus lesion group, rats were treated with fastigial nucleus electro-stimulation for 1h after their fastigial nucleus was damaged for 5d, and then left anterior descending artery was ligated. Each group was further divided into three subgroups according to the three time points of 1, 7, and 21d, respectively after the ligation of left anterior descending artery. Eight SD rats were chosen as the sham operation group． After 1, 7, and 21d with the ligation of left anterior descending artery, the left ventricular myocytes were isolated from rat hearts. The Ca²⁺ concentration was determined by using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results indicate that the fluorescence intensity of the labeled intracellular Ca²⁺ in MI group and fastigial nucleus lesion group is significantly higher than that in sham-operated group at the day one and day seven after MI (P<0.05), however the intensity in FNS group was significantly lower than that in MI group (P<0.05). There is no significant difference in Ca²⁺ concentration between MI group and fastigial nucleus lesion group (P>0.05). At the day 21 after MI, there are no significant differences in Ca²⁺ concentration among these four groups. Therefore, it might be concluded that FNS could decrease the Ca²⁺ concentration in myocytes at an early stage after MI, and might control MI mortality by inhibiting intracellular Ca²⁺ overload.
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  Hemorheological Effects of Abnormal Savda Munziq, as a Traditional Uighur Medicine, on the Abnormal Savda Rat Model

  MAITISIDIKE Ayinuer;ABUDULAIHAITI Wuerguli;UPOR Hamulati;AIMAITI Nuermaimaiti;MUSHA Halida;AIZEZI Renaguli

  . 2011, 29(27): 31-35. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.27.003

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  The hemorheological and coagulation effects of Abnormal Savda Munziq (ASM), as an herbal preparation used in Traditional Uighur Medicine, on the abnormal savda rat model are investigated. The level of whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, whole blood reduced viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, deformation index, rigidity index, electrophoresis index, hematocrit, and other indicators were determined by the LBY-N6B instrument. The level of PT, FIB, TT, and APTT were measured by automated blood coagulation analyzer. The results are as follows: (1) Compared with control group, the whole blood viscosity (low, moderate, and higher shear rate), plasma viscosity are significantly higher in the model group (P<0.05); The erythrocyte rigidity index and erythrocyte deformability index decrease significantly (P<0.05); The thrombin time shortens and FIB increases significantly (P<0.01 respectively); The erythrocyte aggregation index difference is not remarkable (P>0.05); (2) Compared with model group, for the medicine intervention group, whole blood viscosity with low shear rate, whole blood viscosity with moderate shear rate, and whole blood reduced viscosity with moderate and higher shear rate are lower than those in the control group and natural recovery group (P<0.05), respectively; The erythrocyte rigidity index and erythrocyte deformability index increase significantly (P<0.05); The thrombin time shorten could be effectively controlled in the medicine intervention group (P<0.01). The result indicates that the ASM could effectively control the blood hyperviscosity and dysfunction of blood coagulation of abnormal savda syndrome rat model.
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  Optimization of Mining Methods Based on Principal Composition Cluster Analysis

  CHEN Jianhong;JIANG Quan;ZHENG Haili;YANG Shan

  . 2011, 29(27): 36-41. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.27.004

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  In view of the fact that the optimization of the mining methods involves the classification and comprehensive evaluation of a multi-indicator system, in this paper, the target structure is simplified with the principal component analysis, combined with clustering analysis, and the principal component cluster analysis method is proposed, and then the mining methods for 15 samples from a mine are optimized based on this method. In the process, to avoid the shortcomings of the traditional principal component analysis and the errors which may occur in applications, the feature extraction of the principal component analysis is improved by means of the equalization and the comprehensive evaluation is improved by making clustering analysis based on the principal component scores. The meaning of the principal component is interpreted clearly. Moreover, the results of the principal component clustering analysis, the first principal component scores and the principal component composite scores are ranked and analyzed. It is shown that the principal component cluster analysis not only can classify the multivariable data reasonably, but also can make a comprehensive assessment of the performance of various types to fully reflect the actual situation of the mine. The final selected mining method sees a remarkable improvement according to industrial tests, which verifies this decision-making method.
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  Seismic Inversion Reservoir Prediction of Upper Es₄ in Wangjiagang Area of Dongying Sag

  WANG Dongxu

  . 2011, 29(27): 42-48. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.27.005

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  Reservoirs of the beach-bar sandstone and turbidite in the upper Es₄ is widely developed in the Wangjiagang area. During the sedimentary period of the upper Es₄, this area developed a multi-style sedimentary system, such as beach-bar sandstone and turbidite that were controlled by palaeogeomorphology, the overlapping relation between different types lithologic bodies are complex, the fact brings much difficulty to predict reservoir and impact the exploration and development of oil-gas in the area. A seismic reservoir inversion technique is applied to. According to the geological characteristics, the reconstruction of acoustic wave curve, and the seismic inverse of inversion model, through the verification of error analysis, a good inversion result and finish horizontal distribution of every sand group in the upper Es₄ is obtained.
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  Reinforced Zinc-Silicate Coatings on Anti-Wear Anticorrosion and Water Resistance by Adding Sericite

  SANG Weiwei;CHEN Huahui;CHEN Haijun;FU Weishen

  . 2011, 29(27): 49-52. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.27.006

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  Reinforced zinc-silicate coating by adding sericite has been investigated. Contrasting wear resistance, corrosion resistance and water resistance performance of the modification coating and zinc-silicate coating by polarization curve, attrition experiment, immersion and water washout experiment. The research result shows that the sericite's corrosion resistance, and the synergistic effect of porous coating filled by the sericite and the corrosion products reduced the corrosion rate of corrosion. The sericite play a positive role. It enhanced wear resistance by reducing the friction coefficient, reducing coating plastic deformation, internal cracks in the coating to prevent the generation and expansion. The paint film interior may form one kind of compact level network structure, increases the coating the compactness, the enhancement paint film impermeability and the paint film intensity, enhances the water resistance. Primer coating is not limited to, expanding the application of coating space.
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  Experimental Study of Biofilm Formation in Anaerobic-Aerobic Reactor for Flotation Wastewater

  SONG Weifeng;LUO Lili;LIN Zihe;XIE Hui

  . 2011, 29(27): 53-57. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.27.007

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  Beneficiation reagents exist in a great variety, with high toxicity and complex material structure, and it is difficult to be used by microorganisms quickly and efficiently. They can stay for a long time after they go into the environment. It is difficult to guarantee the organic flotation reagents in the water to discharge down into standard values and to be steady for a long time by physical and chemical methods. So, it is imperative to recycle the beneficiation wastewater and to achieve the drainage standard by biological methods. The Anaerobic-Aerobic reactor starts by using the method of gradually increasing the floating agent concentration and fixing the hydraulic retention time. The treatment efficiencies of COD and floating agent and the changes of biofacies are analyzed. The results show that during the biofilm formation and the domestication, the removal rate of COD is mainly concentrated in the aerobic reactor. Anaerobic reactor has also a certain removal effect, but far below that of an aerobic reactor. 40 days after a reactor starts, the total removal rate of COD is stable at a level of 55% and the total removal rates of aniline aerofloat, diethyldithiocarbamate and butyl xanthate reach 92%, 84% and 82%, the biofacies are steady and the biofilm is formed successfully.
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  Vertex-edge Adjacent Vertex-distinguishing Total Chromatic Number of the Two Kinds of Crown Graphs

  TIAN Jingjing

  . 2011, 29(27): 58-60. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.27.008

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  Graph coloring is one of the chief topics in the graph research, the solution of the chromatic number of the graph is an NP-hard problem. Let G(V, E) be a simple graph, k is a positive integer. f is a mapping from V(G)∪ E(G) to {1, 2, …, k} such that &#8704;uv∈E(G), then f(u)≠f(uv), f(v)≠f(uv), C(u)≠C(v), f can be called the vertex-edge-adjacent vertex distinguishing total coloring of G (adjacent vertex distinguishing VE-total coloring of G), χ_at^ve(G)=min{k|k－VE－AVDTC} would be called the vertex-edge-adjacent vertex distinguishing total chromatic number of G (adjacent vertex distinguishing VE-total chromatic number of G), where vertex-edge-adjacent vertex distinguishing total coloring of G C(u)={f(u)}∪{f(uv)|uv∈E(G)}. In this paper, two kinds of crown graphs C_m·S_n and C_m·P_n are designed, the vertex-edge-adjacent vertex distinguishing total coloring of C_m·S_n and C_m·P_n are studied. According to the properties of two kinds of crown graphs C_m·S_n and C_m·P_n, by using colors one by one and in recursion, the vertex-edge-adjacent vertex distinguishing total chromatic numbers of two kinds of crown graphs C_m·S_n and C_m·P_n are obtained.
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  Quantitative Analysis of Papers Sponsored by Natural Science Foundation of China

  GUO Hong;PAN Yuntao;MA Zheng;SU Cheng;YU Zhenglu;XU Bo

  . 2011, 29(27): 61-66. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.27.009

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  This paper studies the projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), in terms of the number of papers published, their citations and the citations per paper, based on the Database of Chinese Scientific & Technical Papers and Citations (CSTPCD) during the period between 1999 and 2009. The distributions of subjects, regions and institutions of NSFC sponsored papers are analyzed. The results show that the number of NSFC sponsored papers has increased rapidly in the 2000—2009 period with the average annual increase of 13.4 percent, and the citations of NSFC sponsored papers increase also steadily in the period of 1999—2009. However, according to Essential Science Indicators, the number of citations per paper of NSFC sponsored papers is slightly higher than that of CSTPCD and is still very low.
Reviews
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  Research Status on Solar Chimney for Natural Ventilation Enhancement

  SU Yaxin;LIU Zhongbao

  . 2011, 29(27): 67-72. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.27.010

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  Natural ventilation is an energy efficient passive cooling technology and it uses wind or thermal buoyancy to deliver fresh air into the buildings in order to maintain a good indoor air quality. Comparing with mechanical ventilation, natural ventilation has obvious energy-saving advantages. Solar Chimney (SC) is a vertical or inclined channel that utilizes solar radiation to cause a temperature rise and density drop for the air flowing through the chimney, therefore enhances the natural ventilation. First, two types of typical solar chimney, namely, Trombe wall-type and inclined roof-type solar chimney, and their basic principle to enhance natural ventilation are briefly introduced. Then, the parameters that influence the performance of natural ventilation of the solar chimney are discussed in detail. The major methods and result are listed based on the review of the research works on solar chimney by different authors. The height and depth (the distance between the glass cover and absorber wall) of SC influence the natural convection flow process and the temperature rise of air in the SC channel and furthermore influence the ventilation rate of the SC strongly. The ventilation air i.e. the air flow rate increases with the increase of SC depth. The air flow rate decreases when the SC depth exceeds an optimal value. A reverse flow appears near the top of the SC channel when the ratio of SC depth to height is larger than 2.5 and the increase of natural ventilation rate is limited. The effect of the SC structure and its inclined angle on ventilation is related to the geographical location and climate conditions. The modeling of SC ventilation includes the mathematical modeling that is based on the energy conservation analysis on the heat transfer process of the air on the wall surfaces and the numerical simulation of the flow process that is based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. Based on the literature review, the issues that need to be improved in solar chimney study are analyzed.
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  Research Development and Commercialization Advances of Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell

  PAN Xiangmin;LIN Rui;LI Xin;MA Jianxin;

  . 2011, 29(27): 73-79. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2011.27.011

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  Hydrogen energy is considered as the most promising clean energy resource for 21st century. In recent years, hydrogen energy and fuel cell technologies have made great progresses around the world, and start commercial deployments. Based on extensive investigation, the global Research, Development, and Demonstration (RD&D) and commercialization involving hydrogen energy and fuel cell in past two years are reviewed, and suggestions for hydrogen energy and fuel cell technologies Research, Development(R&D) in China are put forward.