Science & Technology Review

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To Continuously Improve the CAS Academician Election

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 3-3. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 8-8. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 10-10. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 14-15. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 16-17. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 18-19. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 20-20. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 140-140. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 8-8. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 9-9. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 11-11. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 12-12. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 122-122. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 123-123. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 124-124. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 125-125. ; doi:
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宁市马克思主义理论研究中心中南大学资源与安全工程学院东华大学信息科学与技术学院

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 126-126. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 127-127. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 13-13. ; doi:
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Climatic Zoning of Grapevine in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 21-24. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 425 )

Based on the climate data of 24 meteorological stations in the past 30 years (1979—2008), the climatic zoning of grapevine in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is discussed and classified according to the system proposed by Li Hua, et al. In the climatic zoning system, the number of frost free days is used as the first index, the dryness index (from April to September) as the secondary index and the mean lowest temperature below -15℃ as the tertiary index. By applying this zoning system, the distribution of indicators is analyzed, and on this basis, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is divided into 5 regions, the unsuitable area, mainly located in Guyuan, Wuzhong city and parts of Zhongwei City, where the frost-free period is too short; and the other four regions. The first and third areas are mainly along the eastern foot of Helan moutain, where frost-free period is suitable, drought but with convenient irrigation conditions, and high quality grapes can be produced. An evaluation on the varieties of grapes suitable in every zone is made.

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Response of the Channel to the Variation of Water and Sediment Processes in the Lower Yellow River

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 25-28. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 400 )

With the continuous decrease of the incoming water and sediment, water disasters in the Lower Yellow River is becoming more and more serious, such as "serious disaster caused by small flood", "cross flow" and "gradient flow". To reveal the causes of these phenomena, an analysis on the responses of the channel to the variation of water and sediment processes in the Lower Yellow River is performed. The typical stations of Huanyuankou and Jiahetan in the Lower Yellow River are selected in the case study. The results show that as the amount of the water discharge and sediment in the Lower Yellow River decreases, the lower riverbed is deposited, the bed level rises, the channel becomes narrow, and the river pattern is changed. As a result, the risk of water disaster in the lower reaches increases. On the other hand, the changes of the river pattern lead to a failure of proper functions of some river engineering structures and even lead to negative functions of these structures, which could also be the cause of water disasters. The rules would be helpful for decision-making in the river, and the further study is necessary.

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Numerical Simulation of Variable Permeability of Low-permeability Porous Media

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 29-33. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 466 )

According to the fluid flow characteristics in low-permeability porous media, a mathematical model is built, and the dimensionless permeability variation coefficient is used to describe the low-velocity non-Darcy flow. The variable permeability numerical simulation software is developed based on the black-oil model. Actual field data is used to simulate a five-spot well unit. The comparative analysis of Darcy flow, quasi-linear flow which assumes the starting pressure gradient to be constant and variable permeability flow, is carried out in the simulation. The oil production, water cut, oil saturation distribution and permeability distribution are compared, which indicates that the flow ability of the formation near the oil and water well is strong while the flow ability of the formation far away from the main stream line is weak; the formation flow ability becomes stronger with the decrease of the well spacing. When the fluid flows in low-permeability porous media, Darcy flow only occurs in area near the wells, and the variable permeability flow area is much larger than that of Darcy flow. The variable permeability numerical simulation results show the limitations of quasi-linear flow, which can not describe the change of liquid permeability with pressure gradient. The variable permeability flow plays a dominant role in fluid flow and the variable permeability numerical simulation software could be used to simulate the percolating process of the fluid in the low-permeability porous media quite accurately.

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Characteristics of Cretaceous Reservoirs and the Controlling Factors of Changling Faulted Depressio

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 34-39. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 469 )

There are mainly volcanic and clastic rock reservoirs at Cretaceous in Changling faulted depression, with different physical characteristics. It is shown that oil layers are mainly developed in the shallow sandstone of fan delta plain facies. The gas layers are mainly distributed in the rhyolite and eruptive tuff of overflow and explosion facies under Yingcheng Formation. The clastic rock reservoirs are mainly made of sandstone and characterized by high maturities of composition and middle texture, high contents of rock debris and matrix, and multi-type cemention. Physical properties of the clastic rock reservoirs are not good for production, majority of which are low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs. Volcanic rock reservoirs are mainly formed by rhyolite in overflow facies and eruptive tuff in explosion facies, with high degree of heterogeneity of porosity and permeability, and many fractures, which may be good reservoir sites owing to the fracture connection cavity. Reservoir lithofacies and diagenesis are mainly characterized with two factors in affecting reservoir development. Sandstone and conglomerate of fan delta plain facies are mainly developed in clastic rock reservoirs, with weak compaction and more pores in Deng Louku Formation. Strong compaction and less or no secondary pores are seen in Yingcheng and Shahezi Formation. Volcanic rock reservoirs are chiefly rhyolite in overflow facies and eruptive tuff in explosion facies, and primary pores and fractures are developed, which is the result of both cooling diagenesis and hydrothermal fluid diagenesis.

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Analysis of the Spatial Positional Memory Span

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 40-42. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 448 )

The spatial positional memory span represents the human perception of spatial orientation and short-time memory, which is significant for people with short-memory spans. However, studies are needed to investigate these problems, such as (1) whether there is a relationship between memory span and memorization of numbers or wrong numbers; (2) whether different experiment conditions affect spatial memory; and (3) whether there are differences in spatial positional memory between sexes. Therefore, in this paper, 100 subjects participated in two experimental paradigms to answer the above questions. We found that, in the same coding condition, there is a linear regressive relationship between human spatial positional memory span with memorization of numbers and wrong numbers. In the different coding condition, there were distinct differences in spatial positional memory between each condition; however, there were no differences between sexes.

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Advanced Genetic Algorithm Based Two-dimensional Fuzzy Entropy Image Segmentation Algorithm

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 43-47. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 418 )

Image segmentation serves the basis of image analysis. In the application area, because segmented images are always involved with great variability and noise, one-dimensional histogram based classical image segmentation methods are not often adequate in some situations. Recently, the two-dimensional histogram based two-dimensional image segmentation methods has gradually become a focus of the image segmentation. Since the basic genetic algorithm based two-dimensional fuzzy entropy image segmentation algorithms has not been well developed, this paper proposes an advanced genetic algorithm. Through using the fitness maximum space, the proposed algorithm establishes a fuzzy evaluation mechanism in the evolution process. Comparing with the classic genetic algorithm, the proposed genetic algorithm remarkably enhances the algorithm's convergence faculty and the whole search ability, in estimating the chromosomes, the algorithm also enhances rationality and objectivity. Experiment result shows that the proposed algorithm remarkably improves the two-dimensional fuzzy entropy image segmentation algorithm's executing speed. Also comparing with the classic genetic algorithm based the two-dimensional fuzzy entropy image segmentation algorithm, although a little more time is spent, the proposed algorithm's acquired image segmentation effect is better.

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3D Visual Design of Pillar Mining of Metal Mine

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 48-51. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 457 )

In view of poor visualization ability and computability of the traditional mine 2D design, a stope 3D visual design which combines the 3D mining software and the Cavity Monitoring System (CMS) is proposed. First, the shape of the cavity is obtained by CMS, to build a local geological model of the stope. Then, a 3D model of the pillar is built by Boolean operations of solid models and the local geological model. Based on this, a preparatory arrangement is obtained. Finally, a full 3D visual design of the stope is achieved. A medium-to-long hole blasting design is carried out by CMS and Surpac software in the E2-3 stope of some metal. First, pillar sections of the stope are acquired quickly in Surpac. Then, a blasting design database is constructed, and a medium-to-long hole blasting design of each section is made. Finally, a blasting report is generated. According to statistics, the volume of stope and the amount of explosives are obtained, with explosives consumption being calculated as about 0.892kg/m3, which agrees well with the empirical value. The practice shows that this method can well determine the pillar boundary in the pillar extraction with visualization, which the traditional design is dificult to achieve, and it is also convenient.

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Performance Analysis of Seismic Shock Protection and Damping of GW7-252 Isolating Switch Based on ANSYS

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 52-57. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 429 )

The power failure during earthquake is usually caused by damages of high voltage equipment by the earthquake. Therefore, the vibration of electric structures should be reduced, to protect the electric system. In this paper, ANSYS software is applied to establish a finite element model of GW7-252 isolation switch, the time history for the resonance amplitude wave is analyzed according to the specifications of the device. The dynamical response of the original structure is discussed. A finite element damping model of the device with the shock absorbers developed by China Electric Power Research Institute is built, the simulated results are compared with those of the original structure. When the peak acceleration is changed from 0.15g to 0.465g, a seismic efficiency is varied from 37% to 75%. As the peak acceleration increases, the shock absorbers go into the process of plasticity energy consumption. When the peak acceleration is 0.465g, the safety factor of the isolating switch supporting porcelain is 0.41, but it becomes 1.72 with the shock absorbers. The results show that the shock absorbers are effective to reduce the structure vibration in earthquake. The metal shock absorbers designed by the passive energy dissipation method are easy to make and convenient to install, with good results. They can be widely used in high voltage electric equipment.

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Design of the High-performance AC Servo Control Systems Based on EtherCAT

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 58-61. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 462 )

High-performance servo control system has been developed from analog control to digital control, with performance being improved and with a broad application in military and civilian areas. The servo control system based on fieldbus with high reliability, speed and stability becomes the development trend of servo motor control systems. This paper discusses the difficulty of organizing the net structure and the rigorous real-time requirement in the scene of high-performance servo control system, and proposes to use the Ethernet for control automation technology. On the data link layer, EtherCAT adopts a real-time soft core，and uses independent channels for the process data transmission，which improves the real-time quality of the system. The EtherCAT's architecture, the working principle and the communication protocol are reviewed in this paper, high-performance AC serve control systems are designed based on EtherCAT, together with a slave device by using EtherCAT slave controller ET1100 and DSP TMS320F2812, which can achieve an accurate position control by using the EtherCat structure of one-master and more-slaves. The hardware and software design of the servo system is given, which realizes the real-time data transmission and position control.

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Numerical Simulation the Flow Field of Expendable Current Profiler Probe

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 62-65. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 433 )

In order to study the flow field of the Expendable Current Profiler(XCP) probe, based on the 3D Navier-Stokes equations for viscous unsteady incompressible flow, two- equation turbulence models are applied, the interaction flow field over the XCP probe is numerically simulated by implicit finite volume methods. The motion characteristics of the XCP probe are analyzed based on the flow field, especially, the flow field at the probe's tail and head. The simulated results show that the flow field is symmetrical, and the flow separation does not occur around the XCP probe. The laminar boundary layer is transformed into the turbulent boundary layer, which appears in the front-end 10cm of XCP probe. The head of the probe's arc design plays a very important role in the rapid and steady falling. The probe's tail has no advantage for fast falling, but contributes in keeping the vertical falling stance. These results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this numerical analysis method and also provide a guidance for the optimization design of similar probes.

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Kinematic Simulation of the Bend Mechanism of Wire Bending Machinery Based on Adams

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 66-69. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 428 )

The wire bending machinery is a special machine used to bend wires, and is used widely in the field of architecture to bend reinforcing steel ribs. This paper analyzes a special bending facility used to bend metal tubes for wrapping. For metal tubes made of special materials with considerable rigidity, the use of a traditional wire bending machinery will break the tubes easily. A new kind of wire bending machinery is designed in this paper according to the actual demand. First of all, a model is built to avoid the use of a high-cost physical model, and it is a three dimensional model of the wire bending machinery based on Adams. Drivers and constraints are added according to the required functions, and through analog motion and kinematic simulation for the bend mechanism of the wire bending machinery in a dummy environment, the displacement and rate curve are obtained for the operating mechanism of the wire bending machinery, to validate the mechanical design.

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Study of Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal Microcavities Based on the Effective-Index Model

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 70-72. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 478 )

The field-pattern of various resonant modes of two-dimensional photonic crystal microcavity structure is investigated using the effective-index model. Results show that increasing optical thickness can lead to good photon localization. The refractive index and optical thickness of materials are tested at various values of the refractive index, film thickness, and effective index to achieve good photon localization. The effect of optical thickness on the modal the resonance characters are analyzed. It is important to find a mechanism through which to control the optical-field distribution and maintain single-mode vibration on a large scale. A two-dimensional photonic crystal, which has periodically-distributed refraction coefficient, is proposed as a potential choice. This paper also indicates that for a photonic crystal structure with a small refractive index difference to acquire a good photon-restriction ability, it must not only rely on the total internal reflection generated in its own materials, but it also must employ an adequately thick layer of optically thick material. Through the above analysis, theoretical guidance has been provided for the design, preparation, and application of such photonic crystal micro-resonators.

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Dynamic Separation Identification Method Based on Hammerstein Model

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 73-76. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 397 )

By designing the input signals of the industrial large-scale system, the linear part of the Hammerstein model can only be reflected by system output, and the nonlinear static effect can be effectively removed from the system. The linear part of the system can be identified by using the decentralized identification method. Based on the obtained linear mode and using the measured system outputs, the intermediate inputs can be reconstructed. So the nonlinear part parameters can be estimated. The dynamical separation method is proposed for the industrial large-scale system Hammerstein model identification.The simulation results show its effectiveness of the method.

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Influencing Factors in Molass Fermentation by Rhodotorula glutinis for Microbial Oil Production

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 77-81. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 475 )

Microbial oil production is a feasible source of raw materials for biodiesel industry. Because of its excellent capability in grease synthesis and accumulation, Rhodotorula glutinis is a good candidate to produce microbial oil by molasses fermentation. The influencing factors, such as culture volume, pH value, inoculum concentration, temperature, nitrogen and carbon nutrition, were investigated by batch cultures. The results indicate that a dry-cell yield of 2.42g/L and a grease yield of 0.8g/L are obtained after fermenting for 132h with an initial COD concentration of 11100mg/L, pH value of 6.5, temperature of 30℃ and swing at 160r/min. The corresponding specific dry-cell and grease yield by COD removal are 0.35 and 0.12kg/kg, respectively. The dry-cell yield and grease yield could be increased to 3.74 and 1.31g/L, respectively, by adding 10g/L glucose instantly at a certain fermentation moment. The addition of nitrogenous nutriments to the fermentation system could promote the multiplication of R. glutinis remarkably, but has no observable influence on the grease yield.

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Quality of Angelica Seeds

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 82-86. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 365 )

The quality standards of the Angelica seeds are put forward so as to standardize the market of seeds supply and demand. Five kinds of Angelica seeds including Mingui No. 1, Mingui No. 2 and its' Huoyao seeds, and wild seeds were tested by crop seed inspection code to provide a basis for the classification of Angelica seeds. The main results are as follows. The purity of different Angelica seeds is in the range of 93.43%～91.94%, the weight of a thousand seeds is in the range of 1.5087～1.6888g, the moisture content is in the range of 12.19%～12.89%, the seed vitality is in the range of 48.50%～60.00%, the germinating energy is in the range of 33.00%～64.00%, the germination percentage is in the range of 65.50%～86.00%, the percentage of diseased seeds is in the range of 3.7333%～5.3300%, the percentage of dead pests and eggs is in the range of 0.0362%～0.0806%. Minggui No. 2, Huoyao seeds of Minggui No. 2 and wide Angelica seeds are superior to Minggui No. 1 and Huoyao seeds of Minggui No. 1 with respect to the weight of a thousand seeds, the seed vitality and the germination ability. In wild Angelica seeds, the content of dead pests and eggs is higher than that for the other seeds, but the percentage of diseased seeds is lower than that for the other seeds significantly. Based on the comparison of different species and different seeds, suggestions are made for classification standard about Angelica seeds of Mingui No. 1 and Mingui No. 2 used in production.

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Eexperimental Study on the Heat-transfer Characteristics of New Bamboo Structure Building

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 87-90. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 1215 )

Bamboo has the future of short growth cycle, high yield, high intensity, environmental, renewable, etc, and as a modern building material has become increasingly attention has been paid. In this paper, under the natural climate conditions, through buries thermal resistance Pt100 in each contact surface of the wall, testing the wall temperature of bamboo structure experimental house, combined with bamboo thermal parameters characteristics and the wall (porous medium) heat transfer mechanism to analyze the temperature distribution rule and research the dynamic heat transfer characteristics of bamboo structures, for the heat transfer characteristics of modern bamboo structure architectural research to provide some basic data, as well as for future scientific design and analysis of the heat transfer characteristics of bamboo structure architectural provide the basis. The results indicate that the bamboo structure architectural has the good thermal insulation performance and has the vital significance to the energy conservation, using the bamboo as the modern building materials meet the sustainable development requirement and bamboo is an ideal building material.

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Microplasma Jets and Applications

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 91-96. ; doi:
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Microplasma jets are an important kind of microplasma sources and involve a significant field of research with respect to low-temperature plasma, which is not fully understood so far. Compared with traditional plasma jets, they consume less energy, and have lower temperature and with higher density of plasma. Moreover, most of microplasma jets can be operated at atmospheric pressure, because the gap between the electrodes is very small. Therefore, they are compact, economic, and portable in actual applications. Microplasma jets have attracted a great interest from scientists in the field of atmospheric pressure plasmas with wide studies world over. Several kinds of microplasma jets were proposed: DC microhollow discharging, high frequency micro dielectric barrier discharging, RF inductively coupled discharging, RF capacitively coupled discharging, microwave coupled discharging, to name just a few. Currently the focus is on how to achieve high density of atmospheric pressure plasma by using microwave and RF. And many types of microplasma jets were designed and used in several fields. In the semiconductor industry they are used for thin film deposition, local etching and photoresist stripping. Several types of microplasma jets have been used to sterilize and separate the cells in biomedical industry. In space industry, it is intended to be used to propel the micro space flight and micro satellites. We designed some types of the microplasma jets and measured their characteristics in the laboratory. With them, good results were obtained with respect to photoresist stripping and sterilization. Based on our study of the microplasma jets, this paper reviews the existing microplasma jets, discusses their mechanism and various fields of research and applications.

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Development of Microinjection Technique in Biomedicine Field

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 97-100. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 387 )

Microinjection is an integral component of systems to administer microfluids. The pulsating flow of a microfluid is caused by alternations between the inertia and viscous forces. Drive technology and manufacturing technology of micropipettes are two key factors that regulate the microinjection process. The digital microinjection technique has been a focus of much research and development in the fields of micro-machine and microcomponent technology, medicine, biological engineering and pharmaceutical engineering. In this paper, we discuss the recent research and developments in the field of microinjection, and its application. This paper describes the application and features of digital microinjection techniques as they pertain to bio-chip microarray manufacturing, cell microinjection, production of drug-eluting stents, manufacture of microcapsules, and controlled release of pharmaceutical products. The paper reveals the current directions of microinjection research and the importance of applied research in this field.

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Research Progress and Clinical Trials of Magnetic Induction Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 101-107. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 497 )

Targeted magnetic induction cancer therapy is expected to offer a new breakthrough in tumor treatment. Magnetic induction hyperthermia (MIH) for cancer treatment is a technique that has undergone extensive research and development. Recent studies in Germany, the United States and Japan have made significant progress and led to clinical trials. Furthermore, some research institutions in China have conducted in-depth research. In particular, with more than 10 years of relentless effort and exploration, Tsinghua University has many achievements in the research and development of MIH in China, particularly in terms of the hyperthermia system used for MIH in clinical trials. This paper summarizes the international and local research and development of MIH for cancer treatment.

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Review of Advances in Studies of Nanometer Particles at Wet End Chemistry of Papermaking Retention Technology

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 108-111. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 1108 )

Broadly speaking, a nanomaterial is one with one of the three dimensions of the grains or particles, which may take the form of crystal, amorphous material, quasi-crystal or interface layer structure, smaller than 100nm. So, special volume effects, surface effects, quantum size effects and macroscopic quantum tunnel effects are evident, by which the nano-materials are used widely in many fields. As early as 20 years ago, the nano-particles started to be introduced into the wet end retention system in papermaking, with a good effect. In recent years, the nano-particle retention system in wet end becomes a focus of the paper retention technology, with the following advances: it suits to the high-speed paper machine and neutral papermaking, as the trend of the development of papermaking; it can improve the production efficiency and product quality, and reduce production costs. So, it can be said that the nano-particle retention system is the trend of development in wet retention technology. In this paper, the mechanism of wet retention and the advantages of the nano-particle retention technology are introduced first, and then, the achievements of the nano-particle retention system and the new products used in industry are discussed. At last, the current methods in the nano-particle retention system field and its future are reviewed.

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Advances in Research on Edge Detection of Images

Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 112-117. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 604 )

The image edge is one of the most fundamental and significant features of the image. The edge contains a great deal of useful information on important contours and locations and offers people important parameters to describe and recognize objects in the image. Edge detection is one of the most basic operations in image processing, image analysis, and computer vision. It is one of the basic methods for pattern recognition and image information extraction. Research on edge detection has a long history, and there have been many algorithms proposed for it. However, all of the methods for edge detection still have some drawbacks and cannot detect the optimal edges in some cases. It is difficult to develop a general method for edge detection. Edge detection is a study hot spot in the field of image processing. New feasible theory and methods are proposed every day. The main research methods for the study of edge detection are to make improvements to existing methods or to find new methods for edge detection with special application requirements. This paper illustrates the significance of the edge detection and summarizes the elementary steps of edge detection and the general requirements for the obtained edge. Then it reviews the various methods of edge detection, analyzes the merits and the deficiencies of those methods, and summarizes the recent development of edge detection. Finally, it analyzes all kinds of common edge evaluation methods available at presently. This paper may serve as a valuable reference for future studies and applications of edge detection.

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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 118-118. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 120-121. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 127-127. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 128-128. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 129-129. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 130-134. ; doi:
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Science & Technology Review. 2010, 28 (20): 135-139. ; doi:
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Abstract ( 297 )