28 August 2010, Volume 28 Issue 16

    

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  Towards a Harmonious Manufacture of "Manufacture-Service" Integration

  . 2010, 28(16): 3-3.

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Articles
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  Grey Relational Analysis of Stope Mining Quality Impact Factors

  . 2010, 28(16): 21-24.

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  There are many complicated factors that affect the stope mining quality, and some with fuzziness and uncertainty with typical features of the grey system. In this paper, using CMS to detect the cavity accurately, the three-dimensional model of the cavity is built by Srupac software. The technical parameters such as dilution and loss of the mining are obtained accurately according to the technology data of mining and the three-dimensional model. And then, the mining economic indexes provided by the mine information system are combined, according to the grey theory, to obtain a grey model for analyzing the impact factors of stope mining quality, based on the method of Grey Relational Analysis. With the dilution of the mining as the reference series, the factors that affect stope mining quality are evaluated through the Grey Relational Analysis, to obtain the correlation value of each factor. This method can be used to analyze quantitatively the interaction among various factors and to determine the primary and secondary relations. The main factor can be identified, that would help to improve the management of stope mining quality impact factors.
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  Specific Enrichment of Viral Antigen with EV71 Polyclonal Antibody-coupled Magnetic Particles

  . 2010, 28(16): 25-30.

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  Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness of infants and children. The disease causes fever and blister-like eruptions in the mouth and/or a skin rash. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is known as one of the major causative agents for HFMD, and is sometimes associated with severe central nervous system diseases. In this paper, a novel method for specific enrichment of viral antigen by EV71 polyclonal antibody-coupled magnetic particles is developed. Targeted magnetic nano-particles for specific recognition and enrichment of EV71 antigen were prepared by modifying the polyclonal antibody of EV71 onto the surface of amino-silane coated Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) through glutaraldehyde cross-linking. Antiserum of EV71 was generated by immunization of rabbits with purified EV71 antigen. Next, the serum was precipitated by saturated ammonium sulfate and then was ligated on the surface of Amino-silane-modified magnetic particles through glutaraldehyde cross-linking. Thus, the targeted magnetic medium was prepared for specific enrichment of EV71. Both ELISA and immuno-fluorescence technique were applied to confirm the successful coupling of EV71 polyclonal antibody onto the surface of MNPs, with the coupling efficacy as high as 94.1%. Specific enrichment of the EV71 antigen by the above-mentioned targeted MNPs was studied by immunofluorescence and PCR. Except for the specific enrichment of the virus antigen, with the inductive heating property under Alternative Magnetic Field (AMF), the antibody coupled MNPs can be further applied as the agent of the Magnetic Mediated Hyperthermia (MMH) for the targeted treatment of infective diseases.
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  CT Image Feature Extraction Using GLCM for Xinjiang Local Liver Hydatid

  . 2010, 28(16): 31-35.

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  The feature extraction is the key of the interpretation and analysis of an image. For extracting CT imaging features of Xinjiang local Liver hydatid, an approach is proposed, which can extract liver and hydatid lesion features at the same time, by using the gray level co-occurrence matrix. First, the liver slice CT images are normalized, while removing the noise by using the median filter and enhancing the contrast of the liver and the lesion area by using histogram equalization, to obtain a clear gray image; then, its gray-scale is reduced, gray-based Symbiosis Matrix texture feature extraction methods are used to extract texture features embodied in the mean and the standard deviation of ASM, ENT, CON, IDM and CORRLN of CT images of Xinjiang local mono-hydatid cyst and multiple daughter hydatid cyst and healthy liver. After statistical analysis, marked differences are found between mono-hydatid cyst and multiple daughter hydatid cyst CT images in ASM and ENT and IDM, as statistically significant, and finally, Bayes identification and classification are carried out, with classification accuracy rate of 93.33%. The results show the effectiveness of our method to describe liver hydatid CT images characteristics, which would help to classify and retrieve liver hydatid CT images to some extent.
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  Clinical Research of Houttuynia Injection

  . 2010, 28(16): 36-47.

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  In this paper, 100 clinical research reports for Houttuynia Injection were collected and analyzed, including 8200 cases, among which 7460 cases were effective (with the effective rate of 90.98%), 40 cases showed adverse reactions (with the rate of adverse reaction of 0.49%), and no case of circulatory collapsed or dead. And also, 126 reports of individual cases about adverse reactions of Houttuynia Injection were collected, in which 201 cases showed adverse reactions, 123 cases showed allergic reactions (with the rate in the total cases of 61.19%), and 6 cases were dead. Because there was no sum total of the cases for Houttuynia Injection, the rate of adverse reaction could not be calculated. An analysis of the adverse reactions of the 201 cases shows that in 192 cases, the adverse reactions appear within the 30 minutes of the first injection (with the rate in the total cases of 95.5%). It is shown that Houttuynia Injection has a notable curative effect with rapid speed, and its rate and severity of adverse reaction are all lower than those of pharmaceutical chemicals and its injections. In addition, the adverse reactions of Houttuynia Injection are mainly acute anaphylactoid reactions. Thus, the re-evaluation of Houttuynia Injection should focus on its security, especially on the acute anaphylactoid reactions induced by Houttuynia Injection.
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  Experimental Study of the Movable Fluid of Super-low Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs in Changqing

  . 2010, 28(16): 48-51.

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  For the evaluation of the seepage capacity and the development potential of super-low permeability sandstone reservoirs, the percentage of the movable fluid and its distribution are key factors to be considered. To obtain the percentage of the movable fluid, one has to determine T2 cutoff value T2cutoff accurately. With Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology, centrifuged laboratory experiments were carried out for the centrifugal calibration with 6 samples from super-low permeability sandstone reservoirs of Changqing, together with quantitative calculations of the movable pore space controlled by various throats with different sizes in these samples. The experiment results of these 6 samples are compared with those of 3 ultra-low permeability ones and 6 tight ones also from Changqing. The following conclusions are drawn. For the sandstones of super-low permeability reservoirs in Changqing, the empirical value of 1.38MPa for centrifuging sandstones of low permeability reservoirs is no longer applicable. The optimal centrifugal force is 2.07MPa, which is used to estimate the lower limit of the effective throat radius, which is 0.07μm. The T2cutoff of super-low permeability sandstones in Changqing is suggested to be 12.47ms. The percentage of the movable fluid controlled by large throats in super-low permeability sandstone samples from Changqing is less than that in ultra-low permeability ones from Changqing and more than that in tight ones also from Changqing.
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  Hydrocarbon-generating Potentials of Source Rocks of Shangkuli Formation in Labudalin Basin, Northeastern Inner Mongolia

  . 2010, 28(16): 52-56.

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  The organic macerals of kerogen, with an abundance of organic matter, the maturity and the type of source rocks during the one group of Shangkuli Formation, lower Cretaceous in Labudalin Basin are discussed, based on the analytic technique of organic lithology and Rock-Eval analyses. Also discussed is the hydrocarbon generating potentials and features by element analyses on kerogen, Rock-Eval analyses and high temperature and pressure simulation on source rocks. The results show that the organic macerals of one group of Shangkuli formation source rock in Labudalin Basin are classified into 3 groups as follows: exinite, vitrinite and inertinite. The sapropel as an important oil generating component is the result of bacteria degrading algal. The content of the sapropel reaches 94%~97%. The organic materials of source rock are rather highly abundant, and the organic materials take type II1 or II2 kerogen as the dominant factor. The thermal evolutions of the most organic matter have reached a low maturation stage, and the organic matter mainly generates oil. The source rocks of Labudalin Basin with good oil generating potentials have very good prospect for petroleum exploration.
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  Remote Sensing Analyses of the Urban Morphology of Beijing Based on Fractal Theory

  . 2010, 28(16): 57-62.

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  Analyses of the urban morphology are important for Beijing's long-term planning. Based on fractal theory, this paper qualitatively analyzes the morphology and changes of Beijing from 1992 to 2006, and then predicts the future evolution of the city. Firstly, the city construction area data were extracted from Beijing TM images in 1992, 1999 and 2006 by using supervised classifications, then with the city center as the center of circles, dozens of concentric circles with increasing radius were used to delimit the construction area. Secondly, the critical points of two scale zones were determined through repeated computations, together with the area of construction. Thirdly, on different scales, the power relationships between the construction area and the scale zone number were fitted with the goodness of fit R2>0.995 to obtain the fractal dimension and the change scope of Beijing. Based on these experimental data, with further analyses and comparison of the form of Beijing with that of other major cities, the future development of Beijing urban construction land and other possible circumstances are predicted. Fractal theory was first proposed by American mathematician Mandelbrot in 1967. Self-similar principle and iterative generative principle are the main principle of it, which means that fractal has the characteristics of invariance under the usual geometric transformation, namely, scaling invariance. Its basic parameter is the fractal dimension. Batty studied the fractal city morphology in 1985, and also the city boundaries and urban land-use with Longley. Based on the data of TM image, this paper obtained the fractal dimension through ERDAS IMAGINE and ArcGIS. It is shown that the city of Beijing has clear fractal characteristics. From 1992 to 2006, the radius of the Beijing city boundaries is increased from 7.5km to 10km. It is predicted that the radius will increase to 14km in 2020 and the fractal dimension will be dropped down to 1.9.
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  Numerical Simulation of Solitary Wave Runup and Rundown ona Planar Beach Using a Layered Boussinesq-type Equation

  . 2010, 28(16): 63-66.

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  Wave runup and rundown is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the nature, which has to be taken into account in the design of offshore structures such as bulwark. Solitary wave runup and rundown is simulated by a two-layer, depth-integrated Boussinesq model in this paper. The proposed numerical model is verified by a comparison with the experimental results from Synolakis's experiment (1986). The numerical results shows that the layer, depth-integrated Boussinesq model can be applied to study the wave runup and rundown with high precision. The proposed numerical model can predict the solitary wave runup and rundown movement. The wave amplitude in the runup is smaller than those in the experiments. The inclusion of an accurate bottom friction parameterization seems to become increasingly important with increasing degree of wave breaking, probably due to the fact that as a broken wave runs up a mild slope, it travels up the slope as a fairly thin layer of water. The smaller the total water depth, the more important the bottom friction becomes.
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  Radix-8 FFT Processor Design Based on FPGA

  . 2010, 28(16): 67-70.

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  A design of 4096-point radix-8 FFT is implemented on Field-Programming Gate Array (FPGA). Traditional radix-2 and radix-4 FFT processors could not satisfy the requirements of modern high-speed digital signal processing, so the radix-8 shared-memory architecture is used at the top-level. The butterfly module, the twiddle factor generation module, the input-output interface module are analyzed and optimized. A novel method to generate twiddle factors is proposed and compared with the traditional method. The pipeline style design increases the computing speed and decreases the FPGA resource utilization. Simulation verification is done and the result is compared with that of Matlab fixed-point model. The design is finally programmed to an Altera EP2S60F672I4 device and is verified with the help of a digital signal processor. The computing results with various input patterns are retrieved to Matlab and compared with the fixed-point model bit by bit. Under the clock frequency of 100MHz, the design takes 2.048?滋s to finish 4096-point radix-8 FFT, so it can meet the requirement of high speed digital signal processing.
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  Fast and Accurate Positioning Algorithm Based on the Potential Function for the Center of PCB Location Hole

  . 2010, 28(16): 71-73.

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  It is shown in this paper that there are some defects in the Sobel operator to detect the location hole of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and a fast and accurate positioning algorithm based on the potential function is proposed, which provides a two-step algorithm for the effective and accurate location of the pad hole center. (1) Coarse positioning of the radius and the center of the location hole through the region dividing and connected region searching method based on the smooth processing to the original image. (2) Setting up the potential function, which reflects the strength of the circle edge, then dynamically adjusting the offset of the radius and the center of the pad based on the circle parameter obtained in step (1). When the value of the potential function reaches the maximum, the radius and the center of the pad is obtained. The algorithm is not sensitive to the interfering bright spots within the pad image, can be quite adaptable to the fuzzy pad image, and, at same time, can effectively correct the pad shape deformation due to the poor quality of the circuit board corrosion. Experiments show that the algorithm has a stable performance, a high positioning accuracy and a good efficiency, which can be better meet the engineering real-time requirements.
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  Minimum Uncertainty State of a Kind of Multi-mode Light Field State of Superimposition State

  . 2010, 28(16): 74-76.

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  n this paper, according to the linear superposition principle in quantum mechanics, non-symmetry state superimposition state light fields ?鬃 (ab)II 〉q of different intensities are constructed with both the multi-mode complex conjugation coherent state of contrary
  state {-Z(a)*j }〉q and the multi-mode imaginary conjugation coherent state of contrary state {-iZ (b)*j }〉q, by utilizing the theory of multi-mode squeezed states, and the properties of the multi-mode superimposition state of differ-intensities of nonsymmetrical superimpositions state with distinguishable two quantum states are studied. It is found that when ■R（a）Nj =■R（b）Nj or ■R（a）Nj =■R（b）Nj , while the
  quantization conditions are satisfied by the constructed state ?鬃 (ab)II 〉q with distinguishable two quantum states {-Z (a)*j }〉q and {-iZ (b)*j }〉q of the intensity of the corresponding mode(that is so-called average photon number), no matter how to change the cavity mode and the initial phases of the whole mode, the difference of the initial phases of states (θ（aR）nq －θ（bI）nq ) and the probability amplitude superposition of two states r（aR）nq (or r（bI）nq ), the light field state of the superimposition state ?鬃 (ab)II 〉q is always in the equal-order N-Y minimum uncertainty state and the equal-order N-H minimum uncertainty state.
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  Analysis of Persistent Rainy Process in the Middle and Lower Region of the Yangtze River in the Spring of 2009

  . 2010, 28(16): 77-82.

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  The persistent rainy process in the middle and lower Region of the Yangtze River during the period of Feb. 14 to Mar. 8, 2009, had a strong impact on the industrial and agricultural production, the economic development and the people's life in the region. By using the Synthesis Average method, the persistent rainy process in the middle and lower region of the Yangtze River in the spring of 2009 is analyzed. In order to find the causes of this process, a comparative analysis is made between this process and the less rainfall process during the same period, 2008 in this paper. It is found that the persistent rainy process must have been supported by deep and stable large-scale atmospheric circulation, and the large-scale circulations at different heights constitute a forward trough, which further promotes the occurrence of precipitation. The India-Burma trough is usually the direct influencing system of the persistent rainy process. A comparative analysis is also made between the westerly index and the rainfall intensity during the period of the persistent rainy process, then the same tendency is evidenced clearly. The dry-cold air from Siberia brought by the northwest flow behind the East Asian trough and the warm-moist air from bay of Bengal intersected in the middle and lower region of the Yangtze River, made the water vapor rich in this area. Besides the water vapor condition, the persistent rainy process needs also the atmospheric dynamic conditions. The vertical cross-section of average vorticity field at 30°N during the period of Feb. 14 to Mar. 8, 2009 shows that the vorticity field was the highest at 500hPa to 300hPa. It means that the level needs great deal of gas to keep the strong rotation, so to bring about the deep ascending motion. And the vertical cross-section of average divergence field at 30°N during the period of Feb. 14 to Mar. 8, 2009 shows that the vorticity field was the highest at 850hPa to 500hPa. It means the ascending motion is stronger at the middle and low level. This paper also shows that the atmospheric circulations at different levels make the strong updraft at the middle and low level where water vapor is rich. The vertical distributions of vorticity and divergence make the strong updraft at the middle and low level that could get the best configuration of water vapor and dynamic lifting, and is propitious to precipitation. Some studies show that the north flow and the south flow were divided by Tibetan Plateau at lower-middle troposphere five days before the beginning of the persistent rainy process. Because the deep circulation situation is the necessary preparations for the persistent rainy process in advance, the north and south flows could be used to forecast the process to an extent.
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  Evaluation of Moisture Function of a Gel Containing Plant Functional Components

  . 2010, 28(16): 83-86.

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  A gel formulation substrate was chosen, added with different levels of aloe powder and oat extract and divided into four samples: (1) without adding gel components; (2) the content of aloe powder is 0.3% and that of oat extract is 2%; (3) the content of aloe powder is 0.6% and that of oat extract is 2%; (4) the content of aloe powder is 0.6%, to study the effects of different levels of aloe powder and oat extract compositional formulation on the moisturizing properties of gel skin care cosmetics. In this experiment, 30 healthy subjects (15 male, 15 female) are selected, by using an skin moisturizing evaluation method, which is easily operated and mainly focuses on the raw materials and finished products of cosmetic (namely testing the hydration value and water loss value on the subjects' skin of the medial forearm, to characterize the cosmetic effects of moisture during the test by calculating the changing rates of the hydration value and water loss value before and after the experiment), to fill the data sheet of the four kinds of gel samples and to carry out the mathematical statistical analysis of the results, then to illustrate the moisturizing difference and its effects combined with charts, finally it is concluded that under the gel substrate, the gel cosmetics' moisturizing function with the combination of 0.6% aloe powder and 2% extract from oats performs the best.
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  Analysis and Comparison of Different Types of Exergy Loads in HVAC Systems

  . 2010, 28(16): 87-91.

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  The exergy loads of the HVAC system are analyzed to see the variation patterns under different influencing factors. The state of outdoor air is selected as the reference state and the equations for exergy load calculations are derived, including exergy loads of sensible heat and latent heat for indoor air and fresh air, respectively. Then, different types of air conditioning loads and the corresponding exergy loads are analyzed for a standard floor of an office building in Changsha as a case study, which is equipped with an air-cooled system or a water-cooler system under the intermittent operation condition. The results show that the significant differences exist between the air conditioning loads and the exergy loads with respect to variation range and change trend. The energy quality of air-conditioning loads is very low, so it is more suitable to use low-grade energy sources to drive air conditioning systems. The exergy load of latent heat of fresh air is the highest in all exergy loads because of its large amount of exergy destruction of condensed water. The maximum indoor exergy load of sensible heat is observed 4 hours later than its air conditioning part. Moreover, the exergy loads in the water-cooled system are considerably less than those in the air-cooled system.
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  Preparation of Chitosan Quaternary Ammonium Salt-modified Bentonite and Its Treatment of Printing and Dyeing Wastewater

  . 2010, 28(16): 92-96.

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  Chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-modified bentonite was prepared using bentonite as raw material and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt as the modifier. The effects of preparation conditions on decolorization of printing and dyeing wastewater were investigated, and processing conditions were optimized with the orthogonal experiment. The processing effect to direct fast turquoise blue and acid orange-red was compared using modified bentonite in the treatment. The results were shown that the optimal preparation conditions that ratio of amount of bentonite and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt solution volume is 50g·L-1, the partical size is 0.150mm, the concentration of chitosan quaternary ammonium is 1.5g·L-1, microwave heating time is 7min and soaking time is 30min. With the optimal treatment conditions that pH is at 3.0, dosage of modified bentonite is 14g·L-1, mixing speed is 150r·min-1 and centrifugation time is 8min, decolorization of direct fast turquoise blue and acid orange-red are recorded as high as 94.6% and 80.3% respectively. Decolorization of direct fast turquoise blue by chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-modified bentonite is much better than that of acid orange-red by chitosan quaternary ammonium salt-modified bentonite. Above all, it was necessary to provide some scientific basis for expanding modification field and practical application of bentonite.
Reviews
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  Magnetic Induction Hyperthermia Treatments by Using Multiple Magnetic Materials

  . 2010, 28(16): 97-105.

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  The induction heating of magnetic materials implanted into malignant tumors used for magnetic induction hyperthermia is an emerging cancer treatment technology in recent years. It is shown that when a tumor tissue is heated to 40~70℃, the deposited thermal energy has a specific killing effect to cancerous cells and also a preventive effect against tumor formation, recurrence and metastasis. Besides, the hyperthermia treatment can also induce an anticancer immunological function in patients' body, thus further improve the curative effect. With the excellent performance in accuracy of targeting and special treatment effect, the magnetic induction hyperthermia for cancer treatment is drawing more and more attention in clinical antitumor researches. In this paper, the research progress of magnetic induction hyperthermia by using multiple magnetic materials in the laboratory of novel medical technology in Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University is reviewed, including relevant aspects of magnetic field facility developments, magnetic material researches and hyperthermia-related biomedical researches. Further studies of magnetic induction hyperthermia treatment are to be carried out for a plan of Phase-I clinical trials.
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  Progress in Researches and Applications of Nucleating Agents for Polyethylene Terephthalate

  . 2010, 28(16): 106-112.

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  PET nucleating agents are used to improve the crystal structure, increase the crystallization rate, improve the physical-mechanical properties and shorten the forming period. The most common PET nucleating agents fall into three groups: inorganic nucleating agents, organic nucleating agents and composite nucleating agents. Inorganic nucleating agents including clay (montmorillonite, layered double hydroxide, etc.), metallic oxide (SiO2, MgO, ZnO, TiO2, etc.), non-alkali metal hydroxides (Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, etc.) and inorganic salts (Na2CO3, NaHCO3, BaSO4, etc.) are the earliest nucleating agents to be used and enjoy the advantages of being cheap, easy to obtain and easy to be use. They are heterogeneous in PET, and are difficult to disperse uniformly. Organic nucleating agents include organic acid salts (benzoate, sodium formate, sodium acetate, etc.) ionomer and others. They are easy to disperse in the polymer, with good performances. Composite nucleating agents possess both advantages of organic and inorganic nucleating agents. The synergistic effect is obvious and the performances are excellent. Therefore, the composite nucleating agents will become a focus of researches for the mechanism and applications.
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  Bamboo Charcoal's Properties and Applications

  . 2010, 28(16): 113-117.

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  Bamboo charcoal, produced from the thermal decomposition of bamboo wood, has attracted much attention from many fields in recent years. This paper reviews the properties and applications of bamboo charcoal, focusing on the aspects of adsorption, electrical and magnetic properties, such as the adsorption of the inorganic and organic substance in atmosphere and water, its use as an electromagnetic shielding material, an electrostatic screening material, and a thermo electric material. The adsorption property of bamboo charcoal can be improved by reforming the pore structure and the modification of the pore surface, and different materials can be loaded on it because of its poriness to combine the advantages of different materials, so, the composite based on bamboo charcoal is widely used in different areas. Besides, this paper also discusses the kinetics and thermodynamics for adsorption by bamboo charcoal and the regeneration of bamboo charcoal, together with the development trend of bamboo charcoal researches.