28 May 2010, Volume 28 Issue 10

    

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  Urbanization Development Calls for Active and Scientific Development and Utilization of Urban Underground Space

  . 2010, 28(10): 3-3.

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Articles
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  The Spindle Damage and Mitotic Catastrophe Induced by6-bromoisovanillin in HeLa Cells

  . 2010, 28(10): 19-23.

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  This paper studies the effect of vanillin derivative 6-bromoisovanillin (6-bromine-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde, BVAN08) on the spindle structure damage and mitotic catastrophe of HeLa cells, to provide a solid experimental basis for development of new anticancer drugs. BVAN08 was shown to induce death of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. By laser confocal microscopic observation of BVAN08-treated cells immunostained with the anti-?琢-tubulin antibody and anti-?酌-tubulin antibody, the following mechanisms were found. It is indicated that BVAN08 destroys the spindle structure (aberrant multi-polar spindles), induces aberrant multi-polar spindles and multinucleated cells, and causes cell arrest in the mitosis stage. The percentage of abnormal multipolar spindle cells was dose-dependent. Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining observation of BVAN08-treated cells revealed multiple micronuclei or multinucleated and chromatin aggregation. Western blot analysis indicated that the cell cycle control associated transcription regulation factor FoxM1 (Forkhead box) and its downstream target molecule CyclinB1 protein were down-regulated. Inactivation of FoxM1 protein indicated that the degradation of FoxM1 protein induced by BVAN08 is one of the mechanisms of abnormal spindle assembly and mitotic catastrophe. The result indicates that BVAN08 has the potential to be developed as a new anticancer drug.
  Keywords mitotic catastrophe; cell cycle; spindle structure; cell cycle checkpoint
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  Localization of Epileptogenic Zone and Lesion Area Using EEG Dipole and MRI Fusion Under Neuronavigation System

  . 2010, 28(10): 24-27.

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  To study the localization of epileptogenic zone and lesion area using EEG dipole and MRI fusion and then resection with help of neuronavigation, 10 cases were analyzed for patients who received surgery treatment for epilepsy with brain lession in our ward during the period of June, 2006 to March, 2009. Scanning of MRI and EEG dipole localization was performed for all those patients, then the lession and epileptogenic zone were removed using neuronavigation system. There was no severe complication mortality. Patients were followed up for a duration from 6 months to 36 months. The curative effect is judged with Wilson standard in postop, and it is found that the fineness rate is 90％, 7 cases (70％) are free from seizure, 2 cases(20%) see a significant reduction of seizure attack , only 1 case (10％) sees no significant change. It is concluded that the localization of epileptogenic zone and lesion area with EEG dipole and MRI fusion and then the resection with help of neuronavigation are reliable method for refractory epilepsy with brain lession.
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  Comparative Study of Effects of Brassica Rapa Powder and Brassica Rapa Ointment on Protection Against Radiation Damage

  . 2010, 28(10): 28-31.

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  The mice were exposed to 60Co γ-rays at 6 Gy, and took orally Brassica Rapa L. powder and ointment. The weight, spleen, RBC, WBC, PLT, thymus and the micronucleus were measured. The results show that the powder made no difference on the weight of the mice between radiated and normal groups, but the index of spleen of the group with small dose of B. Rapa powder was significantly increased as compared with the model group. The middle and high dose groups see no difference in the immune function of spleen and thymus of mice. The platelets of all groups were increased, which shows that the B. Rapa powder can help to repair the function of immunity and blood injured by radiation. The micronucleus rate of PCE of all remedy groups were significantly decreased as compared with the model group (P<0.05). It is shown that B. Rapa powder and B. Rapa ointment can help the protection against radiation and B. Rapa powder and B. Rapa ointment have similar effects in this respect.
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  Influence of Psychological Stress to the Tissue Structure of the Temporomandibular Joint in Rat

  . 2010, 28(10): 32-36.

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  To study the influence of psychological stress on the tissue structure of the temporomandibular joint, the variation of the tissue structure of the temporomandibular joint was observed under psychological stress in rat. Thirty-six Wister male adult rats were subjected to the following stimulating factors: electroshock, movement constraint, climate change and food tempting, in order to let them under psychological stress (the experimental group). Twelve rats were not subjected to any stimulating actions(the normal control group). Then the rats of the experimental group were executed at three weeks, six weeks and six weeks after ceasing stimulation, each with twelve rats. The control group rats were executed at the same time as the last batch of the experimental group. The change of tissue in temporomandibular joint was observed with microscope. The results show that the collage was exposed and broken in TMJ disc and condyle, especially in rats of the sixth week group. In the recovered group, the condylar cartiage was seen to start to recover. The change of TMJ in each group sees significant difference as a whole, P<0.01. The third week group and the control group, the sixth week group and the control group, the sixth week group and the resumed group were shown to be statistically significantly different, respectively, P<0.05. The others were not statistically significantly different, P>0.05. It is concluded that long time psychological stress can lead to injuries of temporomandibular joint; while these injuries can be recovered by removing the psychological stress.

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  Assessment of M/OD Failure Risk for Manned Spacecraft and Its Shield Design

  . 2010, 28(10): 37-40.

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  The failure risk of a certain manned spacecraft is assessed by using Meteoroid & Orbital Debris Risk Assessment System (MODRAS). The failure risk assessment results and the distribution of failure number in the surface of the manned spacecraft are obtained. The Probability of No Penetration failure (PNP) for the manned spacecraft is 96.447% when its wall thickness is 0.6cm. But the PNP is only 9.460% with wall thickness of 0.3cm. The failure probability of two sides is larger than other sides because of the directionality of orbital debris. The distribution of failure number in the surface of the manned spacecraft is in a shape of band with meteoroid impact. The risk assessment results of different shields are also obtained. The PNP can be enhanced to 99.704% using Whipple shield with same areal density for wall thickness of 0.6cm. If Stuffed Whipple (SW) shield with the same areal density is used, the PNP can be increased to 99.924%. When the Corrugated Stuffed Whipple (CSW) shield with 30° or 60° corrugated angle is used, the PNP can be increased to 99.939% and 99.995%. The failure risk is reduced significantly with shield performance enhanced.
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  Cooperative Control of Multi-agent Based on Artificial Physics Method

  . 2010, 28(10): 41-47.

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  The synergic control and the formation reconstruction of multi-agents are studied in this paper. Artificial physics method is used for the formation establishment and holding of multi-agents. Artificial physics concerns a kind of distributed control strategy, which does not very much depend on the message of the sensor and communication. Multi-agents carry out the complex tasks by local cooperation. At the same time, artificial physics method is easy to be implemented in a giant system. By constructing the virtual physics force in the movement area of a robot, the speed and the direction of the robot are determined and used to drive the robot with time. In order to deal with the obstacle, a fuzzy controller with double inputs and single output is designed according to the wall-following strategy. One thus can make sure that mobile robot keeps a certain distance from the obstacle and goes along the obstacle. The orientation error can be reduced in this manner. The mode switching transient is restrained by the four point smoothing method. The information about the circumstance and the position of obstacle obtained by the sensor can be used to make the mode switch according to some conditions and to make the formation reconstruction. The results of the math simulation and the multi-agents cooperative control experiment in complex circumstances show that the method proposed in this paper enjoys good stability and adaptability.
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  Topology Optimization of Continuum Structure with Stress Constraint Handled by Strain Energy Density

  . 2010, 28(10): 48-55.

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  The coefficients of strain energy density are incorporated in every finite element, which makes the expression of the globalized strain energy density constraint in the ICM method more reliable by enforcing the local stress constraint with high accuracy. Furthermore, the original coefficients of strain energy density are relaxed in order to accelerate the optimization iteration convergence. A power function formed as the ratio of the maximal structural von Mises stress and the allowable stress is applied to modify the constraint value of the globalized constraint to control the structural maximal stress or to accelerate the optimization iteration convergence. For the topology configuration to evolve in a reasonable direction, the continuous topological design variables are converted to discrete ones by using of a dynamic filter criterion computed automatically. Some examples show that the method proposed in this paper is reasonable and efficient. The optimal topology configurations are similar to the Michell truss, which is known as the theoretical optimal solution.
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  The Wireless Network Positioning System for Mobile Robot Based on Probability

  . 2010, 28(10): 56-60.

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  As a new indoor positioning technology, the RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indicator) value acquired from wireless router is widely used in the field of indoor mobile robot localization. In order to achieve the indoor mobile robot positioning, the probability positioning method is proposed based on the RSSI value. The characteristics of the RSSI distribution in the indoor environment are discussed, together with the principle of probability positioning. The positioning system of the indoor mobile robot based on VC++ 6.0 platform was developed. It includes two parts, the hardware platform and the software platform. The mobile robot localization experiment was carried out in the indoor environment. It is shown that the positioning accuracy is affected by some factors, the obstacles, the human body, temperature and humidity, etc. The maximum deviation is 1.2758m and the minimum is 0.3007m. The positioning requirements for the indoor mobile robot localization can be met.
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  Cumulative Effects of Coal Mine Development on Resources and Environment

  . 2010, 28(10): 61-67.

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  Resources and environment cumulative effects characteristics, sources, approaches and types aroused by coal exploitation are discussed. Based on studies in Lu’an，Pingdingshan , Yanzhou mining areas and so on, such quantitative assessment methods for coal exploitation environment cumulative effects are summarized as Geographic Information System, Earth Observation and Remote Sensing and Telemetry Information Acquisition, chart, mathematics models, computer simulation and laboratory testing and the integrated methods. Spatio-temporal evolution of land subsidence in Yanzhou coal mining area, time series mining landscape classification in Pingdingshan mining area, and some causal relationships analysis between resources, environment and economic system in Lu’an mining area were put forward. Based on field theory, this paper proposed the technology route, ideas and some quantitative assessment results for analyzing the ecology and environment cumulative effects impacts. Theories and practices both demonstrate that the coal exploitation activities have strong characteristics of time persistency, space scalability, long development cycle, more forms of mining area environment system perturbation, wide impacts source and complex mechanism. For the requirements of sustainable development, the traditional environment impact assessment of coal exploitation shows many defects, it is essential, urgent and feasible to carry out analysis on the cumulative effects.
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  Synchronization of Hyperchaotic Systems with Different Structures and Its Circuit Implementation

  . 2010, 28(10): 68-72.

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  To achieve synchronization of two different hyperchaotic systems, controllers with adaptive feedback control are designed. Results of simulation indicate that some variables in the generalized Lorenz system take values greater than ± 15V and all output variables in the hyperchaotic Lü system are in the range of ± 15V. However, the normal working voltage of analog circuit is ± 15V. It is necessary to perform a linear transformation for the generalized Lorenz system, but it is not necessary for the hyperchaotic Lü system. The transformed generalized Lorenz system serves as a drive system, and the response system is the hyperchaotic Lü system. Based on the adaptive feedback principles, the controllers of their synchronization are designed. The simulation results show that the synchronization can be achieved between the transformed generalized Lorenz system and the hyperchaotic Lü system. On this basis, the master circuit, the slave circuit and their synchronous control circuit are designed. The transformed generalized Lorenz attractor and the hyperchaotic Lü attractor are observed through the oscilloscope. With the synchronous control circuit, the synchronization of the master and slave systems can be realized. Numerical simulation and circuit experiment results show that the synchronization between hyperchaotic systems of different structures can be reliably achieved by applying the proposed method. Furthermore, the synchronization can be achieved by adjusting parameters of the controllers, which is easy and makes a stable system.
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  Patterns of Neogene Slope-break Zones and the Depositional System Under Their Control in Qiongdongnan Basin

  . 2010, 28(10): 73-78.

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  The slope-break is thought to be an important indicator to distinguish the patterns of sequences. Based on a comprehensive explanation of a large number of seismic sections in the Qiongdongnan basin, the neogene slope-break can be classified into two types: structural and sedimentary slope-break zones. The structural slope-break zones can be divided further into two patterns, the fracture slope break pattern and the flexure slope break pattern. Different patterns of slope-break are related with different reservoir sedimentary models. Structural slope-break zones, which are produced by the long-term activities of syndepositional faults, have always been an important factor in the depositional sequence development and the deposition process. Along the down dip direction of structural slope-break zones, a series of basin floor fan and slope fan are usually formed, which are characterized by high maturation and relatively high porosity. Gentle sedimentary slope-break controls the development of slope fan skirt and basin floor fan. Steep sedimentary slope-break controls the growth of slip block, to form the gravity flow evolutionary series from slider, slip-debris flow to debris flow-turbidity current along the slope in sea directions. Slope-break zones not only control the development of the reservoir, but also control the formation of the favorable conducting system, and the slope-break zones and low stand sand stones under their control are the favorable exploration zones.
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  Formation Mechanism of Hydrocarbon Reservoir in Qn2 of Daqingzijing oil filed

  . 2010, 28(10): 79-82.

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  Qn2 of Daqingzijing oil field sees a great potential in oil and gas resources. In this paper, with Daqingzijing oil field as the study area, the formation mechanism of hydrocarbon reservoir is comprehensively analyzed, including studies of core, geology log, seismic and well log. With the "facies-potential-transport ternary reservoir controlling" theory, sedimentary facies, sedimentary evolution, storing characteristics, pressure potential, fluid potential, carrier system, and the correlation of these factors and hydrocarbon are discussed. A pool-forming pattern of hydrocarbon-rich depressions is proposed, with the reservoir rock of the depression as the delta front sandstone. It is suggested that the underwater distributary channel and the mouth bar sand of a large scale, with good reservoir properties, are favorable sedimentary facies. Slopes of depression belong the low-potential zone. Fault and bedded sandstone are combined, to form a T-passage system. Fluid potential drives hydrocarbons to flow through the T-passage system, to be accumulated in the high-quality facies. Reservoir formation is controlled by facies and potential and carrier system. Reservoir types in research area see a distribution of a zoning feature. The west slope of synclines sees more growth of fault-lithological and fault block oil pools. The east slope of synclines sees more growth of up-dip pinchout of sandstone-reservoir.
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  Pretreatment Processing of Electroless Nickel Plating on Carbon Fiber with Palladium-free Activation

  . 2010, 28(10): 83-86.

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  Traditional electroless nickel plating on carbon fibers concerns the use of PdCl2-SnCl2 activation pre-treatment, which can be costly and requires extended process lines with high consumption of noble metal palladium. A new pretreatment process of electroless nickel plating on carbon fibers is proposed in this paper, using palladium-free activation. The effects of nitric acid processing time on the quality of nickel coating is studied and the optimal processing time is determined to be 30min. The effects of the concentrations of Ni2+ on the rate of weight gain during Ni2+ complexing adsorption process is analyzed, the kinetic equation of the process is established, and the reaction equilibrium constant K is determined as 2.525. The theoretical values calculated by the equation are basically consistent with the experimental data. The effects of the reaction temperature on P content in the Ni-P coating are discussed. P content reaches a maximum value 11.42% at temperature of 80℃. Materials characterizations of the deposited layers are analyzed by SEM, EDX and XRD. The experiment results show that the nickel deposit on carbon fiber obtained by this KBH4-NiSO4 method is as uniform, compact, adhesive and antioxidant as that obtained by conventional electroless nickel plating.
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  Underwater Laser Image Processing with Matlab

  . 2010, 28(10): 87-89.

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  The underwater laser imaging is very important for ocean exploitation, but its image is usually affected by speckle noise in water. Although synchronous scanning technology and range-gated technology are mostly applied, perfect processing results still can not be guaranteed. Background noises enter the underwater laser images due to light absorption and scattering in water, which is responsible for the low contrast of the underwater images. In order to improve the images, digital image processing techniques are used. This paper discusses the functions of Matlab and their applications in digital image processing, and the powerful ability of Matlab is shown in underwater laser image processing. Three common algorithms-Wiener filtering, median filtering, mean filtering were compared in terms of the speckle indexes, peak signal to noise ratio and normalized mean square error of the processed images.
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  Coastal Erosion in Shandong Peninsula and Yellow River Delta and Related Countermeasures

  . 2010, 28(10): 90-95.

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  Coastal erosion is related with sudden or gradual marine geological disasters. There are many coast types along Shandong Peninsula and Yellow River Delta, such as silt-clayey coast, sandy coast, rocky coast, loess platform coast. In the recent several decades, the coastal erosion of Shandong Peninsula and Yellow River Delta is widespread and seriously influenced by some natural and human factors. The natural influences include river diversion, sediment discharge decrease from rivers to sea, sea level rise, storm surge, and the human influences include construction of banks in upstream of rivers to intercept sediment, sand digging in coast and beach, unreasonable coastal project construction, destruction of coastal wetland and protection forest. Some countermeasures are proposed in this paper, such as the management of coastal zone exploration, forbidding sand digging in coast and beach, compensating sand in coast by human activity, constructing banks, groins and detached breakwaters, controlling headland, restoring and rehabilitating degraded salt marsh in coast.
Reviews
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  A Review of Flow-Accelerated Corrosion in Nuclear Power Industry

  . 2010, 28(10): 96-100.

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  Flow-accelerated corrosion has plagued the nuclear power industry for years. In the nuclear environment, the protective oxide film of carbon steel or low alloy steel may experience dissolution and destruction under the action of water flow and multi-phase and liquid materials flow, which would lead to a wall thinning process. Flow-accelerated corrosion occurs mainly in the tube-shaped parts, where are strong turbulent flows, under the action of working pressure, sudden shock or impact or the boot loader, damage may be produced in the thinning region, and sudden burst may happen in large devices. The characterization of flow-accelerated corrosion concerns a large area of wall thinning rather than a localized part. In single-phase fluid conditions, when the corrosion rate is high, the corrosion of the metal surface has morphology of U-shaped, scallop-shaped, orange-shaped flaps; while in the two-phase flow conditions, the pipe corrosion has the morphology of the tiger pattern. This paper reviews the flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC), as an important issue related with nuclear safety. The corrosion behavior, mechanism, and key parameters of FAC are outlined. The FAC process in nuclear power plants is characterized. Many influencing factors of FAC processes are analyzed in terms of surface corrosion film, diffusion rate and FAC rate. Although FAC remains a major problem in nuclear power plants, properly designed protection methods, based on the experience and studies of FAC, will improve plant reliability, such as by adjusting water chemical composition to reduce the corrosion rate and by replacing the materials of damaged and sensitive areas.
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  Empirical Mode Decomposition and Its Application to Radar Signal

  . 2010, 28(10): 101-105.

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  In order to better estimate the instantaneous frequency of signals, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm, proposed by Huang et al., is used to break multi-component signals into several narrow subbands. EMD is an adaptive method and can be used to analyze nonstationary signals, so it has been widely applied to many engineering fields. However, EMD is still considered as an empirical method because it lacks a rigorous mathematical foundation, and its analysis depends largely on numerical simulations and experimental investigations. In this paper, related problems of the EMD algorithm are discussed, including its theoretical foundation and its applications. Some modified EMD algorithms are considered to overcome problems, such as stopping criterion, end effect, envelope of signals and mode aliasing. The applications of EMD to the processing of radar signals are reviewed. Some directions for further research on the EMD algorithm are suggested.
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  Review of Joint Inversion of PP and PS Waves

  . 2010, 28(10): 106-110.

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  The joint inversion of PP and PS waves are widely studied in recent years with the developments of multi-wave and multi-component seismic explorations. As a kind of S wave, PS wave can not propagate through fluids and therefore is more sensitive to the internal structure of rock fabrics. The combined use of PP and PS wave data might provide better means to identify elastic impedance and rock property parameters from multi-wave seismic data and thereby to reduce the uncertainty in the seismic inversion. The recent research developments in the joint inversion methods of PP and PS waves are reviewed in this paper. Firstly, a brief introduction of the basic theory of the joint inversion methods is given. All joint inversion methods are based on the Aki-Richards approximated linear expressions of PP and PS wave reflection coefficients. Secondly, the algorithms and the inverted results of elastic parameters of the joint inversion methods are discussed. Comparing to inversion methods using PP wave only, the algorithms of the joint inversion methods are more stable by combining the two independent PP and PS wave seismic data. At last, the further development of the joint inversion methods is commented
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  Advance in the Water Treatment of Pb-Zn Sulfide Ore Floatation Wastewater

  . 2010, 28(10): 111-115.

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  The emission of Pb-Zn sulfide ore floatation wastewater, which would last for a long time and is not easy to control and treat, is huge, and usually contains heavy metals, inorganic or organic medications of floatation and suspended matters. The direct discharge of floatation wastewater would pollute and endanger the environment seriously. However, with proper treatment, it could be reused in an ore beneficiation process, with the ore beneficiation indexes basically the same as while using clear water, not only resulting in cleansing and protection of mine, but also with good economical and social benefits. In this paper, the origin and the environmental hazards of flotation wastewater, the situation of its purifying and comprehensive utilizing are discussed. At present, the methods of treatment mainly include the coagulative precipitation, the coagulative precipitation-activated carbon adsorption, and the coagulative precipitation-oxidation and the natural degradation. Finally, the achievements and problems in wastewater treatment in China are reviewed, and the future directions of research and development of wastewater treatment are put forward.