. 2009, 27(0917): 38-43.
Resource-exhausted mining areas are faced with an arduous task of ecological restoration. The previous studies show that the coal-based mining cities in China are mainly distributed in the middle and west parts, but the resource-exhausted mining areas are mainly in the middle and east parts. The resource-exhausted mining areas are related with different types of mineral resources, mining methods, natural conditions and production activities of "mining, dressing and smelting", which may cause various land damage types, such as, occupation, destroy, subsidence and pollution. In view of different land reclamation approaches, this paper proposes various ecological restoration programs of reclaiming damage land for the use of rural ecological agriculture, suburban wetland parks/country parks, mine parks, etc. Based on experiences both at home and abroad about land reclamation and ecological restoration in mining areas, various ecological restoration techniques are analyzed. Cropland restoration technique is to restore and construct reclaimed cropland landscape. Water resources restoration technique is to restore river system and microclimate for water cycle, and to use mine water for multi-purposes. Wetland restoration technique is to restore and create soil landscape and surface vegetation landscape, and to reconstruct road system and connect it with surrounding landscapes, and to protect and restore mining heritages. Water body restoration technique is to purify gathered water in subsidence, and to restore gathered water surface, and to allocate animals/vegetations. Village restoration technique is to protect and plan feature villages, with architecture/infrastructure. Mountain ridge restoration technique is to restore mountain ridge ecological corridors, and to restore and recover natural vegetations in mountains. And forest land restoration technique is to select and layout forest land, and to plan tree species, and to test and build anti-drought vegetation in abandoned coal waste pileups. With scientific planning and timely and effective treatment, not only the ecological environment in resource-exhausted mining areas can be restored but also a new economic growth point for sustainable development can be created in mining areas.
