Following the article “Important Advances of Science in China in 2006”, published in the first issue 2007 of Science and Technology Review, with the same principles of evaluating within each branch, putting quality before quantity, and giving facts in time order, 14 important technological achievements and 10 important engineering achievements in China in 2006 were selected and introduced in this paper.

Simulation science is a new branch of science, related to many areas of national economy. This paper gives an introduction to simulation science from the following three aspects: simulation modeling and model validation, simulation support system, and simulation application engineering. Examples are given, which show that the new science is closely related with other branches of science and sees a rapid development. This paper also discusses the development tendency of simulation science in the future.

A model is a physical, mathematical, or logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process. Simulation is a method for implementing a model over time. Modelling and Simulation are widely used in all life cycle of products: requirements analysis, concept development, preliminary design, detailed design, manufacturing, testing, and training. Some key technologies of modelling and simulation are discussed in this paper.

The space environment refers to an environment far away from the earth's surface and different in many respects from the surface of the earth, where animal cells will be influenced by all kinds of space factors, including mainly space radiation, extreme temperature, high vacuum, micro-magnetic field and the special environment in spacecrafts, namely, that of microgravity. Major factors affecting animal cells are space radiation and microgravity. Space radiation may damage animal cells and influence its structure and function. In the space microgravity environment, the structure, proliferation and the expression of genes and proteins will change, however, these changes are mostly adaptable and may disappear when the cells return to the surface of the earth.

The effects of space environments on the human pulp stroma cells are studied by putting them into a real outer space environment. The human pulp stroma cells are put on board of a spacecraft for 17 days, and then are cultivated continually after they have returned to the earth. The changes of the cells cytoskeleton are observed under laser scanning confocal microscopy. The result shows that human pulp stroma cells can survive the spaceflight and the space environment can significantly alter the human pulp stroma cells cytoskeleton .

Space environment differs from any environment on earth. In recent years, people more and more pay close attention to the effect on organism by special environment, such as space radiation, high vacuum, micromagnetic field microgravity in spacecraft and so on. Special space environment affects gene expression via many pathways. Through the discussion on the mechanism that space environment affects the change of the biological character of cancer cells, development of tumors will be more deeply comprehended, which provide new idear and methods for cure tumors.

To study the gap junction intercellular communication and adhension of the melanoma B16 cell clones mutagenized by space environment，and the possible mechanism. B16 cells were put on board of the Chinese 20th recoverable satellite, and were harvested after 18 days' spaceflight and then monocloned. Six cell clones numbered as 39＃～44＃ were randomly selected from the total 110 clones obtained, and the control clones were routinely cultured. After six generations, the cultured cells were experimented with MTT assay and FCM methods for cell growth characteristics; with scrape loading dye transfer method for gap junction interceluler communication; with immunohistochemistry method for the CD31 contents. Two clones were selected as remarkably different from the control clone in growth characteristics, gap junction intercellular communication, intercellular adhension. Cultured melanoma B16 cells in vitro were found to be mutated by the outer space environment. One may screen out mutagensis B16 cell clones to carry out studies useful for human beings.

The fingerprinting of flavonoids in ultramicro-powders of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is carried out by HPLC．The chromatographic conditions are as follows: SHIM-PACK VP-C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,10 ?滋m) is used，and CH3CN-1％HCOOH gradient is chosen as liquid phase，with flow speed of 1.0 ml/min and the detection wavelength of 254 nm. The fingerprint of ultramicro-powders of Houttuynia cordata is established, with 7 common peaks in the fingerprint. The method and data can be used to control the quality of the ultramicro-powders of Houttuynia cordata.

The first tunnel drilling project under the Yangtze River is being carried out, in order to solve the problem of congestion of communications on Yangtze River in Wuhan. The movable-bed model test is designed to study the variations of river regimes, scour-accretions of river bed, fluvial processes, flow velocities, flow patterns and erosions of the tunnel cross-section. Reliable results are obtained, and a preliminary basis for tunnel design is provided.

Taking account of the shortcomings of available eutrophication models for lake water quality, a novel mathematical model based on maximum flux principle is proposed, where the spatial structure of system is better considered than available methods. By invoking self-organization feature map (SOM), the new model can better represent the characters of eutrophication. The model is applied to ten typical lakes and the results show that the method is reasonable and practicable. It can also be used for the predictions of lake water eutrophication.

In some cases, the control points can not be introduced for rapid visibility at the intersection point with the construction molding method and additional control points should be used. In this paper, it is proposed that the intersection points of rear edges and corners are calculated to deduce the desired intersection points. High precision coordinates can be obtained.

A two-sided search, where the target makes every effort to evade searchers' detection, can be regarded as a two-person zero-sum game. The game is formulated with consideration of search costs on both players and detection probabilities of cells. Based on a discrete model, a solution to this two-sided search game is proposed. The equilibrium of both players is analyzed after the simulation.

This paper makes a comparative analysis on mobile internet industries from four perspectives, that is technology, business model, market and social information background in China and Japan, which can provide some insight on how to develop successfully mobile information industry in domestic markets.

The inadequate supply of rural public goods is one of the major restricting factors for increasing the income of peasant. The relationship between the rural public goods supply and the peasant's income is studied in this paper. Through the cointegration test and the Granger causality test, it is found that the rural education and the rural health conditions play important roles in increasing peasant's income, while the constructions of the agricultural infrastructure and the rural livelihood infrastructure are controlling its increase.