13 June 2016, Volume 34 Issue 11

    

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Special Issues
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  Report on global development of antitumor drugs (2016)

  MAO Yanyan, GAO Liubin

  Science & Technology Review. 2016, 34(11): 21-24. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2016.11.002

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  The treatment of cancer patients is a world-wide problem. Antitumor drugs, as one of the most important treatments for cancer patients, see a rapid growth in recent years with various institutions working in different indications and targets each year. Based on literature research and database retrieval, the global antitumor drug number, the development stages, the indications and the mechanisms, as well as research institutions and sales, are reviewed in this paper, focusing on the general trend and direction of the antitumor drug development.
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  The Current Pharmaceutical Industry in China

  WU Yusheng, NIU Chengshan

  Science & Technology Review. 2016, 34(11): 25-27. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2016.11.003

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  Pharmaceutical industry is one of the 7 strategic emerging industries in China. This industry plays a very important role in improving people's health and living quality, maintaining stability of the society, and promoting economic development. The current state of the pharmaceutical industry in China is reviewed in this paper, focusing on the opportunities and challenges faced by pharmaceutical companies and institutions.
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  The historical evolution, incompatibility arguments and suggestions on nineteen antagonisms medicaments

  OU Lina, ZHONG Gansheng, LIU Haiyan, CHEN Shaohong, ZHANG Jianmei

  Science & Technology Review. 2016, 34(11): 31-36. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2016.11.005

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  Through the analyses of the history and the present situation of nineteen antagonisms, the paper puts forward suggestions for the study of nineteen antagonisms. The development of the conception of "incompatibility", the suggestions of nineteen antagonisms, as well as the relevant provisions about nineteen antagonisms in Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China are reviewed. The incompatible arguments of nineteen antagonisms in the ancient literature, the experimental study and clinical reports are discussed. It can be seen that the clinical study always concerns the clinical reports, and then analyzes and proposes the clinical safety evaluation and the rules of the compatible application of nineteen antagonisms. While the experimental study on nineteen antagonisms mostly concerns the aspects of the chemical material foundation, the pharmacology and toxicology studies. We summarizes the existing problems in the studies of nineteen antagonisms, and put forward some suggestions, to provide some guidance for the future researches.
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  Antitumor effect of Jugalns mandshurica Maxim. bark extracts in H₂₂ hepatoma mice

  GU Le, CAO Xiuge, LI Yan

  Science & Technology Review. 2016, 34(11): 37-41. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2016.11.006

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  To evaluate the effect of Jugalns mandshurica Maxim. bark extracts (HT) against the transplant hepatic cancer in mice, young mice are randomly divided into the HT high dose group, the HT low dose group, the positive drug CTX group, the model group and the normal group. The H₂₂ Hepatoma mice model is duplicated by transplant. The fluorescently labeled antibodies flow cytometry method is used to examing the effects of antitumor active ingredients of Jugalns mandshurica Maxim. bark extracts (HT) on the levels of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ in the peripheral blood of H₂₂ tumor-bearing mice model. Elisa is used to determine the content of IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines secreted by the T helper lymphocytes (CD4⁺) and the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines ratio. Compared to the positive drug CTX control group, the level of CD4⁺/CD8⁺ (P<0.05) is improved in the HT high dose group and the HT low dose group. The content of IL-4 in the HT high, low-dose groups is significantly lower than that in the positive drug CTX (P<0.001), and lower than that in the model group (P<0.05). The level of IFN-γ/IL-4 in the HT high-dose group is higher than that in the positive drug CTX group(P<0.05). It is concluded that the Jugalns mandshurica Maxim. bark extracts (HT) have a significant effect of anti-tumor, and can protect the thymus and spleen, and also can reduce the damage of T cells in the tumor-bearing immune function.
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  Sea cucumber oligopeptides:Immunomodulatory effects and its mechanism

  HE Lixia, CHEN Qihe, LIU Rui, REN Jinwei, SUN Bin, LI Lin, XU Teng, WANG Junbo, ZHANG Zhaofeng, LI Yong

  Science & Technology Review. 2016, 34(11): 42-47. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2016.11.007

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  To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of sea cucumber oligopeptides and their mechanisms, a total of 250 specific pathogen free (SPF) female BALB/c mice are randomly divided into 5 groups:the control group, the whey protein group (with 0.30 g/kg of whey protein) and the groups with 0.15, 0.30 and 0.60 g/kg of sea cucumber oligopeptides. The experiment takes 30 days. To determine the cell-mediated immunity, the humoral immunity, the macrophage phagocytosis and the natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice, the splenic lymphocyte proliferation and the delayedtype hypersensitivity assays (for the cellmediated immunity), the IgM antibody response of spleen to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the serum hemolysin level assays (for the humoral immunity), the carbon clearance assay and the phagocytic capacity of peritoneal cavity phagocytes assays (for the macrophage phagocytosis) and the NK cell activity assays are performed. Furthermore, the flow cytometry is used to determine the T lymphocyte subsets. The results showed that the sea cucumber oligopeptides significantly increase the cellmediated immunity, the humoral immunity, the macrophage phagocytosis and the NK cell activity in mice(P<0.05), and the effects are better than those of the whey protein. From the flow cytometry, it is observed that the sea cucumber oligopeptides significantly enhance the percentages of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ (P<0.05). In conclusion, the sea cucumber oligopeptides could increase the T lymphocyte cell number and the Th cell proportion to enhance the functions of the cellmediated immunity, the humoral immunity, the macrophage phagocytosis and the NK cell activity, and furthermore to improve the immune functions in mice.
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  Analysis of VEGF antibody technology patents of roche

  ZHANG Chi, ZHANG Yinghui

  Science & Technology Review. 2016, 34(11): 48-52. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2016.11.008

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  This paper analyzes the technical development route of bevacizumab and ranibizumab based on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody related patent applications of Roche. The layout in China of the VEGF related patents of Roche is also analyzed. Based on the above analyses, the future trends and directions of the technical research and development of VEGF antibody technology are predicted.
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  Technical composition and developments of patents regarding Liraglutide

  HUANG Jia, WANG Jun

  Science & Technology Review. 2016, 34(11): 53-59. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2016.11.009

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  Liraglutide is a GLP-1 analogue produced from yeasts via the gene recombination, mainly used in treatment of type Ⅱ diabetes. The patents related with liraglutide have been increasing since 1999 with diverse technical solutions, which could be categorized into the core patents, the DDS patents, the combination patents and the second medicinal use patents. The core patents are to gain primary interests, the DDS patents create shortcuts to an alreadypatented medicine, the combination patents prevent possible infringements involving liraglutde, and the second medicinal use patents can lead to a re-capture of the market.
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  New drug products development and innovation by oral controlled release technologies

  WEN Xiaoguang, XI Fengde, LU Ping, ZHANG Chenliang, YUAN Juyong

  Science & Technology Review. 2016, 34(11): 65-75. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2016.11.011

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  CFDA has recently announced new classification guidance for drug product application. Under this new guidance, drug product with modified dosage regimen, dosage forms etc. (second generation products) are defined as new drugs. Comparing with first generation NCE based drug products, these second generation tend to have less adverse effect, longer effective time and better patient compliance. Although Chinese companies have launched quite few NCE based drug products domestically no NDA product has gained approval from FDA. Developing products with modified dosage regimen, dosage forms etc. could be an alternative way for innovative drug products to be recognized internationally because these types of product development will have less financial requirement, higher success rate and shorter development time. Using solid oral modified release products as examples, this article has reviewed a variety of modified release technologies and their application in product development. Sales data are used to show the importance of these products. It has also indicated different aspects and considerations to develop modified release products.
Papers
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  Education of risk intelligence of geo-hazards

  SONG Qianghui, LI Xiaolei, WU Yingxiang, QIN Xiaohua

  Science & Technology Review. 2016, 34(11): 84-89. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2016.11.013

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  Both the natural conditions and the human activities might lead to the geological environment got worsening and the frequent geological disasters, with even massive human casualties and property losses. The May 12th is established as the "Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day" after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China. In order to minimize life and property lost caused by geological disasters, it is highly desirable to change the traditional security thinking of emphasizing the remediation after disasters and ignoring the prevention before disasters. This paper analyzes the necessity and the urgency of changing the traditional security thinking into the risk awareness, and suggests to strengthen the related researches of the geo-hazard risk assessment and management. Also in this paper, the attention is paid on the publicity and the education of knowledge of disaster prevention and reduction, and the education of the geo-hazard awareness. With the Chinese "Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day" as an opportunity, people may gain more awareness and capability of the disaster prevention and reduction, and the geo-hazards risk culture may be established.
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  Saturation log evaluation method in the Ordos Basin tight sandstone gas reservoir

  CHEN Yulong, ZHANG Chong, ZHU Linqi, LIU Jingqiang, CHENG Yuan, GUO Cong

  Science & Technology Review. 2016, 34(11): 90-95. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2016.11.014

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  As a saturation logging evaluation problem, the conductance mechanism is studied with a tight gas reservoir in the Shihezi formation in Ordos Basin as an example, based macroscopically on the lithic quartz sandstone and the lithic sandstone, microscopically on the remnant intergranular pore and the corrosion intergranular pore, and combined with the thin section analysis data and the litho-electric experiment data. The relationships between the formation factor (F) and the porosity(φ), the resistivity index (I) and the water saturation (Sw)are affected by the lithology and the pore type. The conductance of the lithic sandstone is decreased because of the complexity of the mineral and pore type. Under the same condition, the formation factor and the resistivity index of the lithic sandstone are greater than those of the lithic quartz sandstone. The relationship between the resistivity index and the water saturation is exponential rather than as a specific power relation based on the numerical simulation of the network model. On the basis of the conductance mechanism, a modified Archie model of changeable cementation index is built for different lithologies and pore types. Applying the saturation model to this area, its practicability is confirmed.