28 January 2017, Volume 35 Issue 2

    

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  Shock troopers in the age of internet: Wearable medical devices

  WANG Ling, ZHAN Penghong, LIU Wenyong

  Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(2): 12-18. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.02.001

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  With the emergence of the mobile medicine, the development of smart sensing technologies and the popularization of the concept of the personalized medicine, the smart wearable devices develop at a high speed in recent years and the wearable medical devices become one of the most promising focuses. This paper reviews the latest development of several key technologies related to wearable medical devices, including the advanced materials technology, the smart sensing technology, the wireless transmission technology, the lowpower circuit design technology, the energy generation and storage technology, and the big data analysis technology. The future developing trend and the possible challenges of this field are also discussed.
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  Development, challenges, and future trends of wearable sensors

  ZENG Tianyu, HUANG Xian

  Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(2): 19-32. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.02.002

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  Wearable sensors are under a rapid development in recent years with various sensing functions, principles, and formats. They can be widely used in many aspects of daily life and industry. This paper introduces various wearable electronic sensors and their typical measurement approaches based on a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art commercial products and devices under exploration. The wearable sensors can be further categorized as the skin sensors, the indirect skin contact sensors, and the implantable sensors, as can be demonstrated by a large number of commercialized devices and laboratorial prototypes used in areas such as the daily health management, the healthcare, the sports science, the industry, and the military fields. This paper proposes a combination of the wearable sensing technology and the big data and the precision medicine for the long term dynamic information collection of both human bodies and environment. Highly integrated wearable sensors and the multi signal detection will be one of the future development trends for wearable sensors, but several challenges such as the energy supplies, the data security, and the establishment of the standards still require a further breakthrough. The development of the wearable sensor industry in China demands the support of the entire industrial chain. In completing the chain, wearable devices have important and persistent influence on the economic and social development in China.
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  Research progress of wearable medical chips

  LI Yan

  Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(2): 33-40. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.02.003

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  The medical chip is a new interdisciplinary area covering microelectronics and biomedical engineering. As an important part of the medical chip, the wearable medical chip is usually used to obtain and process important physiological signals. By this way, the wearable chip can be used to extract corresponding physiological information, monitor the health condition of the users, treat the sudden diseases in time, predict the critical diseases and decrease the mortality. Wearable chips are an important building block of the new medical treatment system based on the policy of putting prevention first. This paper contains three parts to introduce the status of the wearable medical chips. Firstly, the requirements and the key techniques in the wearable medical chip design are summarized, such as the low power, full integration and low noise design methods, based on analyzing the wearable application environment and the characteristics of physiological signals. Secondly, the research progress of wearable medical chips are reviewed, including the chips and systems for processing electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, electroencephalography (EEG) signal, pulse wave, and respiration signal. Finally, the feature of wearable medical chips is discussed at the end of the paper. With the development of microelectronics, integrated circuit and biomedical engineering, there will be more kinds of wearable medical chips with more functions and patterns to satisfy the demands of the health and medical treatment.
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  Body sensor network and its security concerns for pervasive healthcare

  BAO Shudi, CHEN Meng

  Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(2): 41-44. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.02.004

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  The body sensor network contains wearable and/or implantable biosensors and serves as an important front-end platform for Internet of Things in the healthcare domain. From the point of view of the national health information development strategy, this paper discusses the importance of the body sensor network technology and its applications in the development of health information. The current status and future trends of the body sensor network technology are reviewed from the perspective of communication technology, with emphasis on security and privacy mechanisms of sensitive health data.
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  The study of mind and behavior in daily life based on mobile sensing technology

  FENG Xue, ZHANG Dan

  Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(2): 45-49. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.02.005

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  The mobile sensing technology has made a new breakthrough for behavioral and psychological studies in naturalistic scenarios, for its capability of acquiring psychological and behavioral data anytime and anywhere with minimal awareness of the users. This paper firstly reviews the development of traditional psychological studies in daily life situations based on the paper-pencil diary and the portable electronic device, then briefly introduces the application of the mobile sensing technology in the fields of the clinical psychology, the social psychology and the cognitive psychology, and finally discusses the new chances and challenges for psychological workers brought about by this technology.
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  Clinical applications of wearable exoskeleton rehabilitation aids

  CHEN Xuebin, LIU Lirong, AN Zheng, GAO Min, GAO Haipeng

  Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(2): 50-54. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.02.006

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  The wearable exoskeleton is an intelligent biomechatronic system directly attached to the human body. The human-machine coupling characteristics-from the dual point of view-are derived from the force/moment interaction between the two systems, which can compensate the insufficient capacity of the human body, especially for the disabled. The wearable exoskeleton has a great potential in the field of rehabilitation therapy. The upper limb exoskeleton and the lower extremity exoskeleton are main types of wearable exoskeletons, which can be used for the motor rehabilitation. The upper limb exoskeleton contains the shoulder-arm hand exoskeleton and the hand exoskeleton, which can be used for the physical therapy of the upper limb and the hand fingers. The lower extremity exoskeleton can assist the patients of lower limb paralysis with active standing or walking, with a great potential for lower extremity rehabilitation. This paper reviews the clinical application status of wearable exoskeleton rehabilitation technical aids, and analyzes the current situation and the prospect of the wearable exoskeleton in China.
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  Applications of wearable technologies in postoperative monitoring and rehabilitation

  KUANG Shaolong, FANG Yinfang, ZHOU Rui, SONG Han, LIU Wenyong, SUN Lining

  Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(2): 55-59. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.02.007

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  With the emergence and development of the wearable technology, the health monitoring to handle abnormal situations can be realized and the effective tools to guide and evaluate the postoperative rehabilitation training can be found. This paper reviews the development of the wearable technology applied in the postoperative monitoring and the postoperative rehabilitation training, based on domestic and abroad studies, as well as the applications in various surgical fields, such as the basic functions, the technical principles, the methodologies and the effectiveness evaluations. It is shown that the wearable technology in the postoperative application is just in its infancy stage, in spite of its wide application areas of the micro-surgery, the orthopaedics, the general surgery, the cardiothoracic surgery, the neurosurgery and so on. To fulfill the requirements of the postoperative healthy monitoring and the rehabilitation in hospital or at home, more studies are needed in the future to explore the feasible methods and clinic validations.
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  Enhancement of brain-computer interface using functional nearinfrared spectroscopy based on correlation index analysis

  LI Zhe, ZHANG Shen, ZHENG Yanchun, WANG Daifa, MA Jian'ai, WANG Ling, LI Deyu

  Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(2): 60-64. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.02.008

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  Due to advantages such as robustness with respect to motion artifact, suitability for special populations like infants, and being able to be measured in wearable settings, the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging and more and more important brain functional imaging modality in many research fields e.g. the brain computer interface, the psychology and the cognitive science. Motor imagination is an important paradigm in the rehabilitation trainings for disabled people. With the development of wearable fNIRS systems, these systems may assist the disabled people in long-term brain rehabilitation trainings at home or in community. However, the classification accuracies of the current fNIRS-based motor imaginary tasks are generally low. This paper aims to improve the classification accuracy of the fNIRS-based motor imaginary task by the individualized parameter optimization using the Pearson correlation based R² method. In this experiment, the concentration variation data of hemoglobin species during the left and right hand motor imaginary tasks of 17 subjects were collected using the fNIRS method, and the support vector machine (SVM) classifier was then adopted for classification. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy is significantly improved by the parameter optimization using the R² method. With the R2 method, the percentage of the subjects with classification accuracies above 60% is turned from 58.8% to 94% and that with classification accuracies above 65% is turned from 41.2% to 64.7% in the whole subject pool.
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  Research and application of implanted triboelectric nanogenerator

  LIU Zhuo, WANG Ling, LI Hu, ZOU Yang, SHI Bojing, OUYANG Han, LI Zhou

  Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(2): 65-71. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.02.009

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  The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) developed in 2012 converts the mechanical energy into the electrical energy. The mechanical energy is used for human body motion, wind blow, sound vibration and ocean fluctuation. The implanted TENG (iTENG) can convert the biological mechanical motion into the electrical energy in vivo and power the implantable active medical devices. The biological mechanical motion includes the heartbeat and respiratory muscle movement. This technology can extend the service life of implanted electronic devices and has a wide potential applications in medical industry. This paper reviews the latest research progress in iTENG's structure, working principle, output performance and its applications in powering the implantable active medical devices. Additionally, a further analysis is made on the challenges of iTENG's applications in clinical treatment.
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  3D Printing: The application in medicine devices

  HAN Qianyi, LI Shuping, XIAO Xiongfu, ZHOU Gang

  Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(2): 72-79. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.02.010

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  With the continual progress of medical technology and health perceptions, the implantable medical devices made with 3D printing play an ever more important role in daily life. 3D printing is a general term for a kind of rapid prototyping, based on the additive manufacturing of different types. This paper reviews the applications of 3D printing in many fields such as dentistry, orthopedics, stents, skin, tablet and bioprinting, and the development progress of 3D printing industry and market, focusing on 3D printing in implantable medicine devices.
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  Stratospheric airship airborne velocity measurement

  ZHANG Lanchuan, MENG Junhui, LÜ Mingyun

  Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(2): 80-86. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.02.011

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  The wind field data are important input parameters for the stratospheric airship in the long-time loiter and the flight control. In view of the thin air in the stratosphere and the low precision of the pitot tube, a direct detection method based on LIDAR is proposed. A Doppler lidar velocity measurement system based on the direct detection principle is designed. The wind velocity inversion mathematical model of the two fringe imaging techniques is built and numerical simulations are carried out. It is shown that the measurement errors of the Fabry-Perot etalon (FPI) and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) are 11.0% and 6.5%, respectively, at 355 nm output laser and 20 m/s wind speed. And the velocity resolution of the two methods are 1.9 m/s and 1.6 m/s, respectively. The results indicate that the new method can effectively meet the requirements of the stratospheric airship wind speed measurement.
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  Research of droplet impact on super hydrophobic surface based on an improved stress algorithm of SPH method

  WANG Zhichao, NIU Jiao

  Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(2): 87-91. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.02.012

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  The compressive stress in the Van der Waals state equation is coupled into the SPH model to simulate the droplet's surface tension. To improve model's stress stability, the tensile stress and compressive stresses are calculated, respectively with a modified Quintic kernel function and a Bell-Shaped kernel function. The model is verified by simulating the droplet impact on super hydrophobic surface, and the numerical result is in good agreement with experiment data. Furthermore, the solid surface's frictional stress and its effective region are analyzed. It is shown that, when the wall relative infiltration diameter φ<1, the effect of the solid surface viscosity υ' on the droplet's spreading is not significant. When φ≥1, under the same condition, the droplet spreading velocity and φ_max (maximum φ) will decrease with the increase of υ'. During the spreading process φ≥1 is the main effective region of the frictional stress. The time taken to achieve the φ_max at different υ' sees very small change, so υ' has little influence on the spreading time. Under the same solid boundary condition, the frictional stress of the spreading droplet will increase with the increase of the impact velocity ν₀. The relation between υ' and ν₀ is roughly in a parabola.