13 March 2017, Volume 35 Issue 5
    

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  • Probing mysterious summer rainfall variations in China: El Niño's last echo
    XIE Shangping, MA Jing
    Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(5): 17-23. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.05.001
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    Major floods in the Yangtze River Valley tended to occur in post-El Niño summers. A major El Niño took place in 2015 and was decaying rapidly in the equatorial Pacific. What impacts did this El Niño have on rainfall in China during the 2016 summer? This paper presents the physical basis for climate prediction, reflects the journey to understand and predict climate variability, and ends with a discussion of challenges ahead.
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  • Using urban planning as a tool for hazard mitigation: Learning from a century of development in disaster management in the United States
    XIAO Yu
    Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(5): 24-30. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.05.002
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    This article pointed out the man-made nature of so called "natural disasters", introduced the concept of social vulnerability, and analyzed disasters from the angle of land use and urban planning. Then it discussed one century of development in disaster management in the United States, and summarized urban planning tools for hazard mitigation and disaster management.
  • Safety accidents induced by urban underground engineering and their control
    ZHANG Dingli
    Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(5): 31-37. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.05.003
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    Based on the dynamic characteristics of "ground-environment-construction disturbance" and the statistical analysis of typical safety accidents in the construction of urban underground engineering, this paper points out that the essence of safety accidents in urban underground engineering is the instability and deformation caused by construction, and that controlling ground deformation is the key to safety accident prevention. Considering the structural characteristics of the urban complex stratum, it is suggested that the ground deformation under the influence of the engineering should be considered from three aspects:deformation of ground material, stability of mesoscopic structural layer, and environment inducement. More scientific predictions for complex ground deformation can be made from these three aspects. This paper puts forward the contents of security risk assessment on buildings (structures) and a working procedure for safety risk control of urban underground engineering construction, significantly promoting the control level of construction.
  • Towards effective geo-disaster risk prevention in China's new urbanization via innovation
    SHI Jusong
    Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(5): 38-44. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.05.004
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    Geological conditions are complex in China, and China is one of the countries suffering most serious geological disasters in the world. With the implementation of the new urbanization planning, the geological disaster risk pattern will change. Based on the analysis of overall situation of national geo-disasters and new urbanization planning and the international development trend of science and technology of disaster prevention and mitigation, this paper proposes a series of suggestions in terms of promoting scientific and technological innovation, innovative geo-disaster survey and risk assessment, and strengthening risk management. These suggestions may enhance the quality and efficiency of geo-disaster prevention and risk mitigation, strengthen the capacity of technology support for geo-disaster risk mitigation, and reduce the geo-disaster risk during the process of new urbanization of China.
  • Progress in tornado research and present situation of tornado warning operational system
    HUANG Dapeng, GAO Ge, YE Dianxiu, XIAO Chan
    Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(5): 45-53. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.05.005
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    This paper presents a brief history of tornado research and reviews the current progress in database development, experiment projects, environment factor identification, climatology analysis, and impact assessment in the field of tornado research and development. And then it summarizes the global tornado climatic characteristics. Finally, it examines the present situation of tornado forecast and warning system and suggests the future directions for the Chinese research and development of tornado warning operational system.
  • Review on the safety of monitoring indexes of drinking water in China
    ZUO Rui, YIN Zhihua, MENG Li, ZHAI Yuanzheng, WANG Jinsheng, WANG Bin, ZHOU Aixia
    Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(5): 54-58. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.05.006
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    Safety of drinking water is a prominent environmental problem worldwide, which is directly related to people's life and health. How to guarantee the safety of drinking water is also becoming globally a hot issue. The paper tries to discuss deeply the main problems about the security system of drinking water in China, which were reflected by the unexpected event that the benzene in the local tap water was over the standard in Lanzhou in 2014. Based on the analysis of the current situation of security system of drinking water in China, we compare domestic and foreign health standards in terms of monitoring indexes, monitoring frequencies and monitoring methods. Combining the foreign advanced experience with the practical situation in China, we put forward corresponding proposals on the basis of the measures to provide a scientific basis for improvement of the safety of drinking water.
  • Developments in seismic monitoring based on the internet
    ZOU Liye, LIANG Shanshan, LIU Jingguang, CHEN Hongfeng, XU Zhiguo, HE Shaolin
    Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(5): 59-64. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.05.007
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    Seismic monitoring undoubtedly benefits from the Internet technology when our society has come to the"Internet +"era. The developments in seismic monitoring are reviewed from an Internet point of view in this paper, including the construction of the China Seismic Network, the technical systems at the National Seismic Network Center, and the data products, management and services. It is concluded that popular B/S model, decentralized structure and bidirectional data management are the trend and characteristics of seismic monitoring.
  • Earthquake early warning system: Practice and its relation with real-time seismology
    LI Jiawei, QIN Yufeng, JIANG Ce
    Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(5): 65-72. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.05.008
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    The earthquake early warning system (EEWS) has been gradually developed from scientific hypothesis into real disaster prevention practice for the past 30 years. This paper summarizes the worldwide EEWS development and its constructing divergence in different time periods. Moreover, an introduction of the use of MEMS (Microeletro Mechanical Systems) and smartphone by seismologist and engineers as a new means of earthquake early warning is given. Not only the space for EEWS development but also more information about EEWS time nodes is analyzed in this paper. Finally, the relation between EEWS and real-time seismology is discussed.
    • Articles
  • A comprehensive overview on vehicular ad-hoc network
    LI Tong, NIU Minjie, LÜ Jun
    Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(5): 73-81. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.05.009
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    Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is considered an integral part of the future intelligent transportation system (ITS) that has the potential in improving traffic efficiency, road safety and traveler's comfort. VANET is a subset of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) and does not depend on any fixed infrastructure. The nodes are highly mobile and the network topology changes rapidly. It differs from MANET in terms of architecture, characteristic, application and challenge. In this paper, the latest research progress in VANET network architecture, communication protocols, modeling and simulation, information management and cloud computing is surveyed; the research methods are briefly discussed; and the directions for future research and development are also provided.
  • Development strategy of smart security system for Chinese future intelligent society
    TAO Yong, YUAN Jiahu, HE Guotian, LIU Fei, WANG Tianmiao, SHEN Jun
    Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(5): 82-88. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.05.010
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    Safety is the premise that people enjoy the convenience and quality of intelligent life. Based on the mobile Internet, cloud computing, big data, robotics, artificial intelligence, and other advanced technologies, integration of the full range of smart security systems is proposed using the intelligence and ubiquitous technology. The security system may protect the human clothing, food, shelter and other closely related lines of life safety. The system is expected to have a significant impact on the future of mankind and the idea of intelligent life models. This paper analyzes the forefront of development and the trend of domestic and foreign intelligence and security systems, introduces the connotation of intelligence security system and main contents, and describes the key technologies of intelligent security system, security robots, unmanned rescue system and so on. Finally, suggestions for the smart security system to boost intelligent social development are given.
  • Risk assessment of storm surges in the coastal area of Guangdong Province in year 2050 under climate change
    LI Kuo, LI Guosheng
    Science & Technology Review. 2017, 35(5): 89-95. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2017.05.011
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    With the impact of climate change, the spatial and temporal distribution of storm surges in the coastal area of Guangdong province is changing. The data of storm surges in the 18 tide stations for the past 30 years and the data of tropical cyclones for the past 60 years are collected. The research concerning the relations among temperature of sea surface, frequency of tropical cyclones landed and scale of storm surges is quoted. The prediction of sea level rise in Pearl River Delta is referenced. Using the spatial analysis technology of ArcGIS, the submerged scope for storm surge in the coastal area of Guangdong in year 2050 is determined and the hazard assessment is carried out. Five vulnerability assessment indicators of hazard-bearing bodies are proposed, which are social economic index, land use index, eco-environmental index, coastal construction index and disaster-bearing capability index. Then a storm surge vulnerability assessment index system in the Guangdong coastal area of Guangdong is established. Additionally, the international general model about coastal vulnerability assessment is improved. The vulnerability of storm surges in the coastal area of Guangdong in 2050 is calculated. Based on the hazard assessment and vulnerability assessment under climate change, the risk assessment of storm surges in the study region in 2050 is done and the a risk zoning map is drawn. This study reveals the risk of storm surges in the coastal cities in the future, and which may guide the government decision-making and land planning and provide scientific advices for the government to prevent and mitigate storm surge disasters, as well as for engineering design.

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