13 January 2018, Volume 36 Issue 1

    

Special lssues

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Special lssues
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  Hot topics review of particle physics in 2017

  LI Ying, ZHOU Ning

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 6-11. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.001

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  In particle physics of 2017, most works focused on testing the standard model (SM) and searching for signals of new physics beyond SM. In this article, we review the hot topics in the past year, including direct measurements of SM and new physics, heavy flavor physics and CP violation, QCD and new exotics, neutrino physics and dark matter. The future development of particle physics is also prospected.
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  Progress in transient electronics in 2017

  XU Hang, HUANG Xian

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 12-17. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.002

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  Transient electronics, fabricated by degradable materials, can dissolve in natural environments after completing the default task. The corresponding decomposition products are biologically safe, offering an efficient approach to solving the pollution caused by electronicwastes. Transient electronics can compare favorably with the traditional devices through advanced fabrication technology in terms of performance, exhibiting promising applications in fields of environmental protection, medical equipment and information security. In this paper, we summarize the progresses in transient electronics in 2017, including degradable materials, degradable procedures, fabrication technology and transient devices.
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  Memorable sounds in optics and photonics in 2017

  XIE Xinglong, SHEN Weixing, ZHU Jianqiang

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 18-30. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.003

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  Since the birth of laser, optics and photonics have penetrated into all aspects of people's life. This article summarizes the 2017 major progresses in this field and draws up an inventory of ten optical research directions that are likely to have enormous impact on human existence and way of life in the future. The related research work and progress are briefly reviewed as well.
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  Hot spots of nuclear energy science and technology in 2017

  YANG Jun, YANG Zhangcan, XU Lejin, WU Hsingtzu, DENG Chengcheng, ZHOU Xiafeng, HU Bangda

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 31-45. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.004

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  This paper summarizes the worldwide milestones of research and development of nuclear energy science and technology in 2017. The hotspots and frontier in the nuclear energy science and technology field are briefly reviewed. Some important advances in Generation IV reactors, advanced technologies of Generation III reactors, virtually digital reactor, advanced nuclear materials, the treatment and disposal of radioactive waste and spent fuel, and the relevant law and public policy of nuclear safety are covered.
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  Progresses of organic functional materials in 2017

  MENG Ruixuan, LU Qiuxia, XIE Shijie

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 46-52. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.005

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  In order to review the significant progress made in the field of organic functional materials in 2017, the latest research achievements are summarized in terms of organic semiconductor flexibility, organic solar cell efficiency, organic light emitting diode efficiency, magnetic effect of organic photovoltaic devices, and spin photovoltaic device design. The novel phenomenon and principle of organic functional materials in the field of organic electronics, organic optoelectronics and organic spintronics are reviewed and analyzed, and the future development in this field is also predicted.
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  Hot spots of polymer science in 2017

  HU Jianhua

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 53-62. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.006

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  As an irreplaceable material, polymer has been widely used in all aspects of our life. With the joint efforts of researchers, significant achievements have been accomplished in supramolecular polymer, graphene, high-performance materials and nanomultifunctional materials of polymer science. This paper makes a brief introduction to several outstanding results accomplished in 2017, including stretchable polymer semiconductor, flexible energy storage materials, efficient and accurate preparation of asymmetric polymer brushes, carbon dioxide adsorption, plastic recycling and reuse,and application of polymers in drug detection. Among them the research in extensible polymer,in particular, has made great breakthroughs in the year and seems soon applicable to use in wearable electronic equipment.
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  Top astronomy events in 2017

  GOU Lijun, XIN Ling, SUN Yuanyuan

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 63-71. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.007

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  Astronomy is a field full of discoveries. The year 2017 witnessed a lot of new discoveries and achievements. In this article, we list 9 top events, in two main categories:Research progress and development of astronomy instruments. The research progress ranges from the detection of neutron star merger to the discovery of habitable exoplanets and the strangest supernova explosion, as well as the most accurate cosmic-ray spectrum measured by China's DAMPE satellite and the first interstellar object, Oumuamua. The development of instruments includes the observation of Sgr A^* by the event horizon telescope, successful launch of China's first X-ray satellite, HXMT, the grand finale of Cassini, and the news release from the FAST telescope. These new telescopes have been running well and we expect them to produce more interesting results in the years to come.
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  Hot topic review of Space Science in 2017

  WU Ji, YANG Fan, ZHANG Feng

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 72-82. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.008

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  Space science is a multi-disciplinary scientific and technology area to investigate the fundamental processes and natural laws of physics, chemistry and life in solar-terrestrial space, solar system and the universe, using space infrastructure as the main working platform. This paper reviews the major strategic activities, research progresses and new space infrastructures of space science in 2017. The contents include President Trump re-established National Space Council, the Luxembourg parliament adopted the draft law on the exploration and use of space resources, space infrastructures assisted discovery of gravitational waves produced by merging of neutron stars, China achieved a breakthrough in space quantum technology, DAMPE got high-precision measurement results of the electron energy spectrum, Cassini spacecraft ended its historic exploration of Saturn, and the lunch of the first ever neutron-star mission.
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  Review on natural gas hydrate in 2017

  WEI Wei, ZHANG Jinhua, YU Rongze, LIN Binbin, CHEN Longqiao, PENG Yong, XIAO Hongping

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 83-90. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.009

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  In 2017 the world witnessed a number of important events in the area of natural gas hydrate. This paper reviews some of them, including natural gas hydrate production trial test of Nankai Trough in Japan, natural gas hydrate production trial tests of Shenhu area and Liwan area in South China Sea, approval of natural gas hydrate as a newly found mineral, and other important events. Also reviewed are some research hotspots such as the application and research of natural gas hydrate petroleum system in Shenhu area in South China Sea, hydrate kinetic inhibitor, exploitation method, sediment stability, environmental effect and other research topics. It is noted that Chinese researchers and engineers have made some prominent contributions in this area. Future research focus of natural gas hydrate is analyzed as well.
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  Summary of hot research topics in information technology in 2017

  WAN Yun

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 91-97. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.010

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  This article samples the hot research topics in information technology in 2017. We review the reinforcement learning that showed great promise in AI application, the quantum computer research which reached a 50 qubit competition stage, smart home that is increasingly popular among general public, and more mature robot simulation technology. Meanwhile, we also experienced major challenges in 2017. For example, AI algorithms were found to be biased due to existing data containing human bias; researchers found fake news had major impact on 2016 U.S. Presidential election; bitcoin value increased dramatically and was more like a bubble; ransomware threatening computer users was getting worse.
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  Review on hot topics artificial intelligence in 2017

  LIU Wei, NI Sang

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 98-103. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.011

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  In 2017, nearly all sub disciplines of artificial intelligence(AI) have gained a series of progresses. AI has widely applied into many fields. This paper selects human-computer fighting, driverless car, computer vision, natural language processing, smart speaker, medical treatment with AI, and AI chips as the representatives of the field, so as to review the hot topics of AI in 2017.
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  An overeview of the forntier on brain-computer interface technology in 2017

  ZHANG Dan, CHEN Jingjing, WANG Yijun

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 104-109. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.012

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  The brain-computer interface (BCI) establishes a direct communication pathway between human brain and the external world by real-time decoding the brain activities accompanying the thinking process. BCI is rapidly developing and maturing, receiving an increasing interest from the industry. In this review, we introduce the system-level achievement and key technological progresses in the past 2017, with future development trend prospected as well.
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  Review of cancer treatment hot spots in 2017

  ZHANG Hongtao

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 110-115. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.013

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  In 2017, newly approved therapies brought hope to the treatment of cancers. These included the CD19 CAR-T therapies for patients with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that is refractory or relapsed, and additional indications for checkpoint inhibitors to treat solid tumors. It is worth noting that, for the first time in the FDA history, a treatment (anti-PD-1 antibody Keytruda) was approved to treat patients with unresectable or metastatic solid tumors as long as the tumor is positive for a biomarker referred to as microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR). Progresses were also made in targeted therapies. For example, the FLT3 mutant inhibitor, in combination with chemotherapy, was approved as the first new treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in more than 25 years. The review focuses on the new therapies, either approved or showing great promise in clinical trials, which may change the paradigm of cancer therapies.
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  Hot topics in drug research and development in 2017: Biological drug rapid growth, breakthrough therapy certification

  LI Ziyan, HUANG Yaoqing, ZHOU Yinghong, MAO Yanyan, GAO Liubin

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 116-125. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.014

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  Drug R&D focus on breakthroughs and new progress in the field of life science and biotechnology. At present, drug R&D related disciplines become increasingly intersecting, new methods and technologies emerge rapidly, constantly improving the efficiency of drug R&D and innovating the way of disease treatment. From the perspective of new drugs approved by FDA in 2017, with the biotech drugs developing fast and the breakthrough therapy certification promoting drug innovation, unmet needs in the clinic are turning into the pursuit of the industry. This paper reviews the breakthrough progress and research hot topics in the field of drug R&D in 2017, exhibiting the direction and new trends to people in this field.
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  Hot topics of agricultural sciences of China in 2017

  WANG Yanjie, CHANG Xuhong, WANG Demei, TAO Zhiqiang, YANG Yushuang, ZHAO Guangcai

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 126-152. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.015

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  In 2017, Chinese agriculture sciences obtained further development. Crop molecular breeding, germplasm resources, plant protection and pest control, animal genetics breeding, diseases control of livestock and poultry, horticulture science, molecular biotechnology, crop tillage cultivation and agricultural mechanization, agricultural product processing and storage, agricultural environment and sustainable development, and other fields, have harvested a large number of new results and new technologies. This artide reviewes the development of Chinese agricultural science and technology in 2017, including the molecular design breeding in rice, cloning of male sterility gene Ms1 and Ms2 in wheat, cattle and sheep and other livestock and poultry breeding, prevention and cure of diseases such as foot and mouth disease and bird flu, tomato flavor parsing, genetic transformation and DNA sequencing technology, mechanization planting management and processing, and potato processing technology.
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  Review on research progresses of insect toxicology in 2017

  SHI Xueyan

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 153-162. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.016

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  Insect toxicology research is very important for the development of new insecticides and the management of insect resistance. This article reviews the 2017 progresses on the application of gene editing technology in insect toxicology research, mode of action and resistance mechanism of insecticides, molecular regulation mechanism of insect resistance, and insecticide toxicology related genomics of insects. The future of systematic characterization of toxicology-related genes function of insects, further understanding of the insect toxicology, and developing new management tactics for insect resistance based on the results of insect toxicology research are also prospected.
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  Hot research topics of paleontology in 2017

  CAI Huawei, YANG Qun

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 163-175. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.017

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  We summarize the outstanding research advances of paleontology in 2017, including discoveries of the earliest fossil records, macroevolution, unique growth strategy for the Earth's first trees, meticulously preserved fossils and their behavior in ambers, egg accumulation with 3D embryos of pterosaur, new fossils from Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens, and Late Pleistocene archaic human crania from Xuchang.
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  Advances in water environmental science in 2017

  CHENG Rong, SHI Lei, ZHENG Xiang

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 176-188. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.018

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  In 2017, the research progress in the field of water environment was still remarkable. We overview in this paper the significant developments and breakthroughs in 2017 according to the research findings published in theby top academic journals or the most influential achievements. Considering the various types of water bodies, the researches on natural waters are reviewed in terms of rivers and watersheds, lakes (reservoirs), oceans, groundwater, glaciers, and wetlands, as well as water treatment technologies. It is hoped that this paper can give valuable reference for understanding the advances of water environment science.
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  Hot spots of soil heavy metal pollution and remediation research in 2017

  LI Zhu, ZHOU Jiawen, WU Longhua

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 189-198. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.019

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  Soil pollution may directly affect natural environment, agricultural production, and human health via the food chain. Therefore soil heavy metal pollution and remediation is one of the key research subjects for social development. A great number of research achievements were made in this field in 2017. This paper selects some of the important outputs from the publications to describe the typical progress in the year. The selected cases include research progress on spatial and temporal analysis on sources, tracing and identifying, monitoring and risk assessment, pollution process and transformation, mechanisms and enhancement of phytoremediation, stabilization of soil heavy metals, effects of remediation on soil biochemical properties, and safe utilization of contaminated soils.
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  Top 10 events of science and technology in 2017

  ZHU Yehua

  Science & Technology Review. 2018, 36(1): 199-210. https://doi.org/10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2018.01.020

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  Along with the process of scientific development, controversial debates, making scientific content more rich and diversified, contribute to the advancement of science. Gene editing, artificial intelligence, head transplant and other hot issues aroused the ripples in science of 2017. This paper selects to review the 10 events of high social concern in science and technology of 2017 in order to comb for readers the science and technology development trend.